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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The very first simulated image of a black hole, calculated using a 1960s punch card IBM 7040 computer and plotted by hand by French astrophysicist Jean-Pierre Luminet in 1978, still looks a lot like NASA's simulation.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In both simulations (the new one and Luminet's work below), we see a black circle in the centre. That is the event horizon, the point at which electromagnetic radiation, light, radio waves, X-rays and so forth are no longer fast enough to achieve escape velocity from the black hole's gravitational pull.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">we can see the photon ring, a perfect ring of light around the event horizon.That light is actually coming from the part of the accretion disc behind the black hole but the gravity is so intense, even outside the event horizon, that it warps spacetime and bends the path of light around the black hole.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The black holes also produce a phenomenon known as Doppler effect where motion produces a change in frequency in the wavelength of the light. This is because the part of the disc that is moving towards us is brighter as it is moving close to light-speed.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Black hole</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter or radiation can escape.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Supermassive black holes sit at the centres of most large galaxies, and how they got there is a mystery<span style="font-size:13.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif""><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The very first simulated image of a black hole, calculated using a 1960s punch card IBM 7040 computer and plotted by hand by French astrophysicist Jean-Pierre Luminet in 1978, still looks a lot like NASA's simulation.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In both simulations (the new one and Luminet's work below), we see a black circle in the centre. That is the event horizon, the point at which electromagnetic radiation, light, radio waves, X-rays and so forth are no longer fast enough to achieve escape velocity from the black hole's gravitational pull.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">we can see the photon ring, a perfect ring of light around the event horizon.That light is actually coming from the part of the accretion disc behind the black hole but the gravity is so intense, even outside the event horizon, that it warps spacetime and bends the path of light around the black hole.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The black holes also produce a phenomenon known as Doppler effect where motion produces a change in frequency in the wavelength of the light. This is because the part of the disc that is moving towards us is brighter as it is moving close to light-speed.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Black hole</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter or radiation can escape.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Supermassive black holes sit at the centres of most large galaxies, and how they got there is a mystery<span style="font-size:13.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif""><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
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