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Tag: Security Threats

Government constitutes Multi-Disciplinary Terror Monitoring Group for J&K

Tags: Tackling Security Threats, Security Threats

Published on: 30 March 2019

GREVD: SIPRI launches Global Registry of Violent Deaths

Tags: Security Threats

Published on: 04 May 2019

WhatsApp Spyware Attack

Tags: Security Threats

Published on: 15 May 2019

WhatsApp spying with Pegasus malware

Tags: Security Threats

Published on: 01 November 2019

Indian card details selling on Dark Web

Tags: Security Threats

Published on: 01 November 2019

Lone wolf attacks warning

Tags: Security Threats

Published on: 04 November 2019

Al Shabaab militant group

Tags: Security Threats

Published on: 06 January 2020

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		'title' => 'Government constitutes Multi-Disciplinary Terror Monitoring Group for J&K',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has constituted eight memnber Multi-Disciplinary Terror Monitoring Group (MDTMG) for Jammu and Kashmir. It aims to ensure concerted action against terror financing and other terror related activities in J&amp;K and bring them to a logical conclusion. It will meet on weekly basis and submit its action report regularly.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Members of MDTMG</span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will be headed by Additional Director General of Police (CID) of J&amp;K Police. Its member will have representatives from J&amp;K Police, Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Intelligence Bureau (IB), National Investigation Agency (NIA), Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) and Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Terms of Reference of MDTMG</span></strong></span></span></p>

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	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Identify all key persons including leaders of organisations who are involved in supporting terrorism in any form. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Take action against hardcore supporters among government employees including teachers who are providing support to terror activities. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Take coordinated action in all terror registered cases, terror financing and terror-related activities and bring them to logical conclusion.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Investigate networks of various channels being used to fund terror and terror-related activities and will undertake action to stop flow of such funds.</span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Global Registry of Violent Deaths (GReVD) </span></span></strong></span></span></p>

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	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It will hold single entry for every violent death, including time, location, perpetrator, victim and type of violence.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The sources will be verifiable news reports of lethal events and processing will be done by machine coding to handle volume of entries, as well as human coding to ensure accuracy and consistency.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Supporting agencies:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> For this project, SIPRI has already brought together main groups that monitor violent deaths, as well as leading big data labs. </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The first-phase of the project is funded by Swedish Postcode Foundation and United Kingdom&rsquo;s Department for International Development.</span></span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

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	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It is international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. It was established in 1966 and is based in Stockholm, Sweden.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It provides data, recommendations and analysis to policymakers, researchers, media and interested public based on open sources,.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It was ranked among top three non-US world-wide think tanks in 2014 Global Go To Think Tanks Report by University of Pennsylvania Lauder Institute.</span></span></span></span></li>
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		'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/rbm1m4i2vzeon9j/GREVD.pdf/file',
		'[new]' => false,
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	(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'tag' => 'Security Threats',
		'keyword' => 'security-treats',
		'id' => (int) 1103,
		'title' => 'WhatsApp Spyware Attack',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Facebook Inc owned WhatsApp has confirmed that it has detected zero-day vulnerability on its platform that targeted surveillance (spyware) attack on its users. It has urged its users to install latest version of the app which has patch to close this vulnerablity. </span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">What is this spyware attack?</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Zero-day vulnerability in WhatsApp has led to targeted surveillance attack on its users that Leave users open to spyware that could turn on their phone&rsquo;s camera and microphone, and collect location data.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Software called Pegasus created by private Israeli firm NSO Group is able to take advantage of security loophole in WhatsApp&rsquo;s voice call function to carry out the attack.&nbsp; It can also trawl through emails and messages. This software is mainly operated by intelligence and law enforcement agencies</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">How it attacks?</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Using Pegasus, attackers could simply call user to install malicious surveillance software (spyaware), even when call was not taken. It also claimed that call would sometimes not even show up in the user&rsquo;s call log. </span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It exploited buffer overflow vulnerability in WhatsApp VOIP (voice over internet protocol) stack, which allowed remote code execution via specially crafted series of SRTCP packets sent to a target phone number.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">This could leave users open to spyware that could turn on their phone&rsquo;s camera and microphone, and collect location data.</span></span></span></span></p>
',
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		'posturl' => 'whatsapp-spyware-attack',
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		'metatitle' => 'WhatsApp Spyware Attack | Spyware Attack | WhatsApp Attack',
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		'metadescription' => 'Facebook Inc owned WhatsApp has confirmed that it has detected zero-day vulnerability on its platform that targeted surveillance (spyware) attack on its users.',
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	(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'tag' => 'Security Threats',
		'keyword' => 'security-treats',
		'id' => (int) 2651,
		'title' => 'WhatsApp spying with Pegasus malware',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">WhatsApp&nbsp;has confirmed that at least two dozen journalists, academicians, Dalit and human rights activists, in India have been targeted for surveillance for a two week period until May 2019. The hackers allegedly used an Israeli technology, Pegasus to conduct the spying.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In May 2019,&nbsp;WhatsApp identified that a bug&nbsp;in the app&rsquo;s call function was used to install a malicious code into users&rsquo; phones. On October 29, it&nbsp;identified the malicious code as Pegasus, a spyware developed by an Israeli company, NSO.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The code is transmitted by calling the target phone on WhatsApp. The code enters the phone even if the call is not answered.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This is only one of the ways of delivering Pegasus. There are several other cases such as alarming SMSs that prompt targets to click on a link.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Once installed, Pegasus can send the target&rsquo;s contacts, calendar events, phone calls on and messages on communication apps like WhatsApp and Telegram to the spyware&rsquo;s controller.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The controller can also turn the phone into a spying device by switching on its camera or microphone.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Malwares</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Malware, or malicious software, is any program or file that is harmful to a computer user. Types of malware can include computer&nbsp;viruses,&nbsp;worms,&nbsp;Trojan horses and spyware.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These malicious programs can perform a variety of different functions such as stealing, encrypting or deleting sensitive data, altering or hijacking core computing functions and monitoring users&#39; computer activity without their permission.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Types of malware</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A&nbsp;<strong>virus</strong>&nbsp;is the most common type of malware which can execute itself and spread by infecting other programs or files.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A&nbsp;<strong>&nbsp;worm</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;can self-replicate without a host program and typically spreads without any human interaction or directives from the malware authors.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A&nbsp;<strong>Trojan&nbsp;horse&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;is&nbsp;designed to appear as a legitimate program in order to gain access to a system. Once activated following installation, Trojans can execute their malicious functions.&nbsp;</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Spyware&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp;is&nbsp;made to collect information and data on the device user and observe their activity without their knowledge.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Ransomware</strong>&nbsp;is designed to infect a user&#39;s system and encrypt the data. Cybercriminals then demand a ransom payment from the victim in exchange for decrypting the system&#39;s data.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>rootkit&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp;is created&nbsp;&nbsp;to obtain administrator-level access to the victim&#39;s system. Once installed, the program gives threat actors root or privileged access to the system.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A backdoor virus or&nbsp;<strong>remote access Trojan</strong>&nbsp;(RAT) secretly creates a&nbsp;backdoor&nbsp;into an infected system that allows threat actors to remotely access it without alerting the user or the system&#39;s security programs.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Adware</strong>&nbsp;is used to track a user&rsquo;s browser and download history with the intent to display pop-up or banner advertisements that lure the user into making a purchase. For example, an advertiser might use&nbsp;cookies&nbsp;to track the web pages a user visits&nbsp;to&nbsp;better target advertising.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Keyloggers</strong>, also called system monitors, are used to see nearly everything a user does on their computer. This includes emails, opened web-pages, programs and keystrokes</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>
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	(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'tag' => 'Security Threats',
		'keyword' => 'security-treats',
		'id' => (int) 2653,
		'title' => 'Indian card details selling on Dark Web',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Nearly 1.3 million debit and credit card data of Indian&nbsp;banking<strong>&nbsp;</strong>customers that can fetch up to $130 million for cybercriminals are available on Dark Web for open sale.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp;Data analysis suggests the card details may have been obtained via skimming devices, installed either on ATMs or point of sale (PoS) systems.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">According to ZDNet, the cards&rsquo; details is available on Joker&rsquo;s Stash, one of the oldest card shops on the dark web which is known to be the place where major hackers sell card dumps.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The card dump includes Track 2 data, usually found on a payment card&rsquo;s magnetic stripe. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The presence of this kind of data automatically rules out skimmers installed on websites (Magecart attacks), where Track 1 and Track 2 is never used.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Criminals who buy card dumps from Joker&rsquo;s Stash typically use the data to clone legitimate cards and withdraw money from ATMs in so called &ldquo;cash outs&rdquo;.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Dark Web</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The&nbsp;dark web&nbsp;refers to encrypted online content that is not indexed by conventional search engines. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Also known as the &quot;darknet,&quot; the dark web is a component of the deep web that describes the wider breadth of content that does not appear through regular internet browsing activities.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Specific browsers like Tor are required to access dark web sites, which contain anonymous message boards, online marketplaces for drugs, exchanges for stolen financial and private data, and other illegal content. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Transactions in this hidden economy are often paid for with bitcoin, and physical goods are routinely shipped in ways that cloak both buyers and sellers from the watchful eyes of law enforcement.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Working</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dark web attracts users who seek anonymity when conducting business. Intentions can be noble, such as with journalists seeking to interview citizens of repressive countries, where communications are monitored.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The anonymity of the dark web attracts criminal actors like drug-dealers, hackers, and child pornography peddlers. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">There is also a growing service economy within the dark web in which hitmen and other illegal operatives advertise their services in ways they could not over traditional channels.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Deep web</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dark web and the deep web are often erroneously used interchangeably. To clarify: the deep web includes all the pages that don&rsquo;t pop up when you run a web search. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This covers everything requiring a login, such as personal email, online banking, or other such sites.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>
',
		'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'posturl' => 'indian-card-details-selling-on-dark-web',
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		'metatitle' => 'Indian card details selling on Dark Web',
		'metakeyword' => 'Indian card details selling on Dark Web',
		'metadescription' => 'Nearly 1.3 million debit and credit card data of Indian banking customers that can fetch up to $130 million for cybercriminals are available on Dark Web for open sale.',
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	(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'tag' => 'Security Threats',
		'keyword' => 'security-treats',
		'id' => (int) 2680,
		'title' => 'Lone wolf attacks warning',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A high alert has been issued to security forces across the country by central intelligence agencies, warning of possible &lsquo;lone wolf&rsquo; attacks by Islamic State (IS) operatives.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Home ministry said that the overall security scenario in the country remained a cause for concern on account of the threat emerging from Pakistan and the Afghanistan-Pakistan belt.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The reported nexus between home-grown terror outfits and Pakistan-based extremist organisations in terms of procurement of weapons, technology and training has added a new dimension to the threat scenario.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The porous coastline of southeastern and southwestern India was an easy landing ground for terror outfits to push their men and material into the country, the note said.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Inputs indicated that Sri Lanka and Maldives were used by Pakistan-based terrorist elements for anti-India activities.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Lone wolf attacks</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A lone-actor terrorist, or lone wolf is someone who prepares and commits violent acts alone, outside of any command structure and without material assistance from any group.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The term&nbsp;lone wolf&nbsp;is used to distinguish terrorist actions carried out by individuals from those coordinated by large groups.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Terrorist&nbsp;attacks&nbsp;that are carried out by small cells are not classified as&nbsp;lone wolf attacks.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>
',
		'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
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		'metatitle' => 'Lone wolf attacks warning',
		'metakeyword' => 'A high alert has been issued to security forces across',
		'metadescription' => 'A high alert has been issued to security forces across the country by central intelligence agencies, warning of possible ‘lone wolf’ attacks by Islamic State (IS) operatives.',
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	(int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'tag' => 'Security Threats',
		'keyword' => 'security-treats',
		'id' => (int) 3289,
		'title' => 'Al Shabaab militant group',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A military base in Kenya, used by US and Kenyan forces,&nbsp;came under attack&nbsp;from the Al Shabaab militant group. US aircraft and vehicles were destroyed in the assault.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">There have been confrontations between the US and Al Shabaab in the past, but this is the first time the latter has struck US forces inside Kenya, considered to be a key base for fighting the highly resilient militant group.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
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<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Al Shabaab</strong></span></span></p>

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	<li>
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	</li>
	<li>
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	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Al-Shabaab has been designated as a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_organization" title="Terrorist organization">terrorist organization</a>&nbsp;by Australia, Canada, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States.</span></span></p>
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	'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A military base in Kenya, used by US and Kenyan forces,&nbsp;came under attack&nbsp;from the Al Shabaab militant group. US aircraft and vehicles were destroyed in the assault.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">There have been confrontations between the US and Al Shabaab in the past, but this is the first time the latter has struck US forces inside Kenya, considered to be a key base for fighting the highly resilient militant group.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

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	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Islamist Al Shabaab group is active in East Africa and is involved in the ongoing civil war in Somalia. The group has been fighting to overthrow the weak West-backed Somali government, the latter being supported by a 21,000-strong African Union peacekeeping force.</span></span></p>
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	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The group is responsible for many attacks such as suicide attack on an upscale hotel and office complex in Nairobi, &nbsp;raid on the Baledogle base in Somalia, which is used by both Somali special forces and American troops etc.</span></span></p>
	</li>
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<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Al Shabaab</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
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	<li>
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	<li>
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		'tag' => 'Security Threats',
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		'title' => 'Government constitutes Multi-Disciplinary Terror Monitoring Group for J&K',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has constituted eight memnber Multi-Disciplinary Terror Monitoring Group (MDTMG) for Jammu and Kashmir. It aims to ensure concerted action against terror financing and other terror related activities in J&amp;K and bring them to a logical conclusion. It will meet on weekly basis and submit its action report regularly.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Members of MDTMG</span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will be headed by Additional Director General of Police (CID) of J&amp;K Police. Its member will have representatives from J&amp;K Police, Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Intelligence Bureau (IB), National Investigation Agency (NIA), Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) and Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Terms of Reference of MDTMG</span></strong></span></span></p>

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	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Identify all key persons including leaders of organisations who are involved in supporting terrorism in any form. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Take action against hardcore supporters among government employees including teachers who are providing support to terror activities. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Take coordinated action in all terror registered cases, terror financing and terror-related activities and bring them to logical conclusion.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Investigate networks of various channels being used to fund terror and terror-related activities and will undertake action to stop flow of such funds.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'title' => 'GREVD: SIPRI launches Global Registry of Violent Deaths',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) has launched new initiative named Global Registry of Violent Deaths (GReVD) to count deaths caused by all forms of violence across the world and display these in open-source database. It aims to establish annual number of violent deaths worldwide and enable monitoring of progress on &nbsp;world&rsquo;s commitment to &lsquo;significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere&rsquo; by 2030 as set out in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-Goal 16.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Global Registry of Violent Deaths (GReVD) </span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It will be open-source database that will allow researchers, policymakers and general public to track trends in violence at global, regional, national, provincial, city and municipal levels.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It will hold single entry for every violent death, including time, location, perpetrator, victim and type of violence.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The sources will be verifiable news reports of lethal events and processing will be done by machine coding to handle volume of entries, as well as human coding to ensure accuracy and consistency.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Supporting agencies:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> For this project, SIPRI has already brought together main groups that monitor violent deaths, as well as leading big data labs. </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The first-phase of the project is funded by Swedish Postcode Foundation and United Kingdom&rsquo;s Department for International Development.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It is international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. It was established in 1966 and is based in Stockholm, Sweden.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It provides data, recommendations and analysis to policymakers, researchers, media and interested public based on open sources,.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It was ranked among top three non-US world-wide think tanks in 2014 Global Go To Think Tanks Report by University of Pennsylvania Lauder Institute.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'Security Threats',
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		'title' => 'WhatsApp Spyware Attack',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Facebook Inc owned WhatsApp has confirmed that it has detected zero-day vulnerability on its platform that targeted surveillance (spyware) attack on its users. It has urged its users to install latest version of the app which has patch to close this vulnerablity. </span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">What is this spyware attack?</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Zero-day vulnerability in WhatsApp has led to targeted surveillance attack on its users that Leave users open to spyware that could turn on their phone&rsquo;s camera and microphone, and collect location data.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Software called Pegasus created by private Israeli firm NSO Group is able to take advantage of security loophole in WhatsApp&rsquo;s voice call function to carry out the attack.&nbsp; It can also trawl through emails and messages. This software is mainly operated by intelligence and law enforcement agencies</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">How it attacks?</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Using Pegasus, attackers could simply call user to install malicious surveillance software (spyaware), even when call was not taken. It also claimed that call would sometimes not even show up in the user&rsquo;s call log. </span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It exploited buffer overflow vulnerability in WhatsApp VOIP (voice over internet protocol) stack, which allowed remote code execution via specially crafted series of SRTCP packets sent to a target phone number.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">This could leave users open to spyware that could turn on their phone&rsquo;s camera and microphone, and collect location data.</span></span></span></span></p>
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		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">WhatsApp&nbsp;has confirmed that at least two dozen journalists, academicians, Dalit and human rights activists, in India have been targeted for surveillance for a two week period until May 2019. The hackers allegedly used an Israeli technology, Pegasus to conduct the spying.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In May 2019,&nbsp;WhatsApp identified that a bug&nbsp;in the app&rsquo;s call function was used to install a malicious code into users&rsquo; phones. On October 29, it&nbsp;identified the malicious code as Pegasus, a spyware developed by an Israeli company, NSO.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The code is transmitted by calling the target phone on WhatsApp. The code enters the phone even if the call is not answered.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This is only one of the ways of delivering Pegasus. There are several other cases such as alarming SMSs that prompt targets to click on a link.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Once installed, Pegasus can send the target&rsquo;s contacts, calendar events, phone calls on and messages on communication apps like WhatsApp and Telegram to the spyware&rsquo;s controller.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The controller can also turn the phone into a spying device by switching on its camera or microphone.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Malwares</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Malware, or malicious software, is any program or file that is harmful to a computer user. Types of malware can include computer&nbsp;viruses,&nbsp;worms,&nbsp;Trojan horses and spyware.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These malicious programs can perform a variety of different functions such as stealing, encrypting or deleting sensitive data, altering or hijacking core computing functions and monitoring users&#39; computer activity without their permission.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Types of malware</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A&nbsp;<strong>virus</strong>&nbsp;is the most common type of malware which can execute itself and spread by infecting other programs or files.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A&nbsp;<strong>&nbsp;worm</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;can self-replicate without a host program and typically spreads without any human interaction or directives from the malware authors.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A&nbsp;<strong>Trojan&nbsp;horse&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;is&nbsp;designed to appear as a legitimate program in order to gain access to a system. Once activated following installation, Trojans can execute their malicious functions.&nbsp;</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Spyware&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp;is&nbsp;made to collect information and data on the device user and observe their activity without their knowledge.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Ransomware</strong>&nbsp;is designed to infect a user&#39;s system and encrypt the data. Cybercriminals then demand a ransom payment from the victim in exchange for decrypting the system&#39;s data.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>rootkit&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp;is created&nbsp;&nbsp;to obtain administrator-level access to the victim&#39;s system. Once installed, the program gives threat actors root or privileged access to the system.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A backdoor virus or&nbsp;<strong>remote access Trojan</strong>&nbsp;(RAT) secretly creates a&nbsp;backdoor&nbsp;into an infected system that allows threat actors to remotely access it without alerting the user or the system&#39;s security programs.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Adware</strong>&nbsp;is used to track a user&rsquo;s browser and download history with the intent to display pop-up or banner advertisements that lure the user into making a purchase. For example, an advertiser might use&nbsp;cookies&nbsp;to track the web pages a user visits&nbsp;to&nbsp;better target advertising.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Keyloggers</strong>, also called system monitors, are used to see nearly everything a user does on their computer. This includes emails, opened web-pages, programs and keystrokes</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>
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		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Nearly 1.3 million debit and credit card data of Indian&nbsp;banking<strong>&nbsp;</strong>customers that can fetch up to $130 million for cybercriminals are available on Dark Web for open sale.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp;Data analysis suggests the card details may have been obtained via skimming devices, installed either on ATMs or point of sale (PoS) systems.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">According to ZDNet, the cards&rsquo; details is available on Joker&rsquo;s Stash, one of the oldest card shops on the dark web which is known to be the place where major hackers sell card dumps.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The card dump includes Track 2 data, usually found on a payment card&rsquo;s magnetic stripe. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The presence of this kind of data automatically rules out skimmers installed on websites (Magecart attacks), where Track 1 and Track 2 is never used.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Criminals who buy card dumps from Joker&rsquo;s Stash typically use the data to clone legitimate cards and withdraw money from ATMs in so called &ldquo;cash outs&rdquo;.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Dark Web</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The&nbsp;dark web&nbsp;refers to encrypted online content that is not indexed by conventional search engines. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Also known as the &quot;darknet,&quot; the dark web is a component of the deep web that describes the wider breadth of content that does not appear through regular internet browsing activities.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Specific browsers like Tor are required to access dark web sites, which contain anonymous message boards, online marketplaces for drugs, exchanges for stolen financial and private data, and other illegal content. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Transactions in this hidden economy are often paid for with bitcoin, and physical goods are routinely shipped in ways that cloak both buyers and sellers from the watchful eyes of law enforcement.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Working</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dark web attracts users who seek anonymity when conducting business. Intentions can be noble, such as with journalists seeking to interview citizens of repressive countries, where communications are monitored.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The anonymity of the dark web attracts criminal actors like drug-dealers, hackers, and child pornography peddlers. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">There is also a growing service economy within the dark web in which hitmen and other illegal operatives advertise their services in ways they could not over traditional channels.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Deep web</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dark web and the deep web are often erroneously used interchangeably. To clarify: the deep web includes all the pages that don&rsquo;t pop up when you run a web search. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This covers everything requiring a login, such as personal email, online banking, or other such sites.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'Security Threats',
		'keyword' => 'security-treats',
		'id' => (int) 2680,
		'title' => 'Lone wolf attacks warning',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A high alert has been issued to security forces across the country by central intelligence agencies, warning of possible &lsquo;lone wolf&rsquo; attacks by Islamic State (IS) operatives.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Home ministry said that the overall security scenario in the country remained a cause for concern on account of the threat emerging from Pakistan and the Afghanistan-Pakistan belt.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The reported nexus between home-grown terror outfits and Pakistan-based extremist organisations in terms of procurement of weapons, technology and training has added a new dimension to the threat scenario.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The porous coastline of southeastern and southwestern India was an easy landing ground for terror outfits to push their men and material into the country, the note said.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Inputs indicated that Sri Lanka and Maldives were used by Pakistan-based terrorist elements for anti-India activities.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Lone wolf attacks</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A lone-actor terrorist, or lone wolf is someone who prepares and commits violent acts alone, outside of any command structure and without material assistance from any group.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The term&nbsp;lone wolf&nbsp;is used to distinguish terrorist actions carried out by individuals from those coordinated by large groups.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Terrorist&nbsp;attacks&nbsp;that are carried out by small cells are not classified as&nbsp;lone wolf attacks.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>
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		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A military base in Kenya, used by US and Kenyan forces,&nbsp;came under attack&nbsp;from the Al Shabaab militant group. US aircraft and vehicles were destroyed in the assault.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">There have been confrontations between the US and Al Shabaab in the past, but this is the first time the latter has struck US forces inside Kenya, considered to be a key base for fighting the highly resilient militant group.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Islamist Al Shabaab group is active in East Africa and is involved in the ongoing civil war in Somalia. The group has been fighting to overthrow the weak West-backed Somali government, the latter being supported by a 21,000-strong African Union peacekeeping force.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The US established Camp Simba in Kenya&rsquo;s Lamu county more than a decade ago, where it maintains under a 100 personnel. &nbsp;The US trains and gives counterterror support to its East African partners at the Manda Bay airfield that also acts as a base fighting against the group.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The group is responsible for many attacks such as suicide attack on an upscale hotel and office complex in Nairobi, &nbsp;raid on the Baledogle base in Somalia, which is used by both Somali special forces and American troops etc.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Al Shabaab</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen, more commonly known as&nbsp;al-Shabaab&nbsp;is a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">jihadist</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">fundamentalist group</a>&nbsp;based in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a> (Somalia in particular). In 2012, it pledged&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegiance" title="Allegiance">allegiance</a>&nbsp;to the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militant_Islamism" title="Militant Islamism">militant Islamist</a>&nbsp;organization&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>. &nbsp;</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The group has&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withdrawal_(military)" title="Withdrawal (military)">retreated</a>&nbsp;from the major cities; however, al-Shabaab still controls large parts of the rural areas. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Al-Shabaab has been designated as a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_organization" title="Terrorist organization">terrorist organization</a>&nbsp;by Australia, Canada, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States.</span></span></p>
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</ul>
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	'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A military base in Kenya, used by US and Kenyan forces,&nbsp;came under attack&nbsp;from the Al Shabaab militant group. US aircraft and vehicles were destroyed in the assault.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">There have been confrontations between the US and Al Shabaab in the past, but this is the first time the latter has struck US forces inside Kenya, considered to be a key base for fighting the highly resilient militant group.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Islamist Al Shabaab group is active in East Africa and is involved in the ongoing civil war in Somalia. The group has been fighting to overthrow the weak West-backed Somali government, the latter being supported by a 21,000-strong African Union peacekeeping force.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The US established Camp Simba in Kenya&rsquo;s Lamu county more than a decade ago, where it maintains under a 100 personnel. &nbsp;The US trains and gives counterterror support to its East African partners at the Manda Bay airfield that also acts as a base fighting against the group.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The group is responsible for many attacks such as suicide attack on an upscale hotel and office complex in Nairobi, &nbsp;raid on the Baledogle base in Somalia, which is used by both Somali special forces and American troops etc.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Al Shabaab</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen, more commonly known as&nbsp;al-Shabaab&nbsp;is a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">jihadist</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">fundamentalist group</a>&nbsp;based in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a> (Somalia in particular). In 2012, it pledged&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegiance" title="Allegiance">allegiance</a>&nbsp;to the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militant_Islamism" title="Militant Islamism">militant Islamist</a>&nbsp;organization&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>. &nbsp;</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The group has&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withdrawal_(military)" title="Withdrawal (military)">retreated</a>&nbsp;from the major cities; however, al-Shabaab still controls large parts of the rural areas. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Al-Shabaab has been designated as a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_organization" title="Terrorist organization">terrorist organization</a>&nbsp;by Australia, Canada, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>
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Tag Wise Current Affairs

Tag: Security Threats