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<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Scientists are studying nanoplastics in detail in order to understand its behaviour in terrestrial environments, especially agricultural soils.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The concern about improper disposal of plastic has been going on for a while now. Today, more and more people are worried about micro- and nanoplastics ending up in the oceans and in seafood.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The findings provide direct evidence that nanoplastics can accumulate in plants, depending on their surface charge. </span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Plant accumulation of nanoplastics can have both direct ecological effects and implications for agricultural sustainability and food safety.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Experiments have given evidence of nanoplastics uptake and accumulation in plants in the laboratory at the tissue and molecular level using microscopic, molecular and genetic approaches.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The researchers found that nanoplastics reduced the total biomass of model plants. That is, the plants exposed to nanoplastic were smaller and had shorter roots. This, in turn, compromised the nutritional value of the plant.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The positively charged particles were not taken up so much, but are more harmful to the plant. They interact more with water, nutrients and roots, and trigger different sets of gene expressions.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Nanoplastics</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Nanoplastics are particles that comprise various polymers (e.g. PET – Polyethylene terephthalate, PS - Polystyrene). Depending on the definition used they are less than 1 μm or less than 100 nm in size, respectively.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Primary nanoplastic particle</strong>s are intentionally produced and used in various products, such as cosmetics, washing powders, as well as in research and diagnostics. They are often of a defined size or size distribution and usually consist of only one polymer type for a given application.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Secondary nanoplastics</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> are formed in the environment, especially in rivers and oceans, by fragmenting larger pieces of plastic. These are released through the improper disposal of waste into the environment where they are decomposed by the influence of sun, wind and waves into even smaller pieces.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Scientists are studying nanoplastics in detail in order to understand its behaviour in terrestrial environments, especially agricultural soils.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The concern about improper disposal of plastic has been going on for a while now. Today, more and more people are worried about micro- and nanoplastics ending up in the oceans and in seafood.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The findings provide direct evidence that nanoplastics can accumulate in plants, depending on their surface charge. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Plant accumulation of nanoplastics can have both direct ecological effects and implications for agricultural sustainability and food safety.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Experiments have given evidence of nanoplastics uptake and accumulation in plants in the laboratory at the tissue and molecular level using microscopic, molecular and genetic approaches.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The researchers found that nanoplastics reduced the total biomass of model plants. That is, the plants exposed to nanoplastic were smaller and had shorter roots. This, in turn, compromised the nutritional value of the plant.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The positively charged particles were not taken up so much, but are more harmful to the plant. They interact more with water, nutrients and roots, and trigger different sets of gene expressions.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Nanoplastics</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Nanoplastics are particles that comprise various polymers (e.g. PET – Polyethylene terephthalate, PS - Polystyrene). Depending on the definition used they are less than 1 μm or less than 100 nm in size, respectively.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Primary nanoplastic particle</strong>s are intentionally produced and used in various products, such as cosmetics, washing powders, as well as in research and diagnostics. They are often of a defined size or size distribution and usually consist of only one polymer type for a given application.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Secondary nanoplastics</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> are formed in the environment, especially in rivers and oceans, by fragmenting larger pieces of plastic. These are released through the improper disposal of waste into the environment where they are decomposed by the influence of sun, wind and waves into even smaller pieces.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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