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Tag Wise Current Affairs
Tag: Miscellaneous
US announces suspension of Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty with Russia
Tags: International Organizations, Miscellaneous
Published on: 02 February 2019
India, Bangladesh sign MoU for training 1800 Bangladesh civil servants
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 09 February 2019
Egypt's President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi elected as chairperson of African Union
Tags: International Organizations, Miscellaneous
Published on: 11 February 2019
ADB approves US $350 million loan for road project in Chhattisgarh
Tags: International Organizations, Miscellaneous
Published on: 01 June 2019
Statue of Unity shortlisted for UK-based structural award
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 05 August 2019
India-UK workshop on Science for Disaster and Emergency Risk Management
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 30 August 2019
Solomon Islands cuts diplomatic ties with Taiwan
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 18 September 2019
Saudi Arabia to offer tourist visas for the first time
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 27 September 2019
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">United States announced unilateral suspension from Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) treaty with Russia. The announcement comes after US and Russia failed to resolve long-running accusation that Russia is violating this cold war era treaty. US will exit this treaty in six months unless Russia assures compliance by destroying all of its violating missiles, launchers, and associated equipment under this treaty.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Reasons for suspension</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The suspension comes after US President Donald Trump in October 2018 announced unilateral withdrawal of US from INF treaty.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">US alleges that Russia violated this treaty by testing 9M729 ground-launched cruise missile (NATO name SSC-8) in 2014, having range beyond prescribed by this treaty and had deployed the same missile that could strike Europe at short notice.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Russia, however, has denied US accusation saying that relevant missile was never tested at distances banned under the agreement and has called on US to show proof of a violation.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Russia also has accused US of breaching treaty by deploying its missile-defence systems in Europe, a charge which US rejects.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Since then both countries have failed to find resolution using dispute resolution mechanism in treaty. </span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) treaty</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was crucial Cold War-era treaty signed in December 1987 between then US President Ronald Reagan and his USSR counterpart Mikhail Gorbachev. (Russia was known as USSR before its disintegration after cold war in early 1990s).</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It prohibits US and Russia from possessing, producing or test-flying ground-launched cruise missiles with ranges of 500–1,000 km or (short-range) and 1,000–5,500 km (intermediate-range).</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It also covers all land-based missiles, including those missiles carrying nuclear warheads. However, i<em>t does not cover sea-launched or air-launched weapons.</em></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The ban under it was originally applied only to US and USSR forces, but its membership was eventually expanded in 1991 to include successor states of former Soviet Union. Thus, it offered blanket of protection to US’s European allies.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Significance</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This treaty marked watershed agreement between US and USSR which were at centre of arms race during the Cold War.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was central to ending arms race between two superpowers during cold war and protected US’s NATO allies in Europe from Soviet missile attacks. </span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was designed to provide some strategic stability in Europe from USSR (now Russia). It had proved to be potent deterrent against any full-scale nuclear war in Europe. </span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It had resulted in the destruction of 2,692 missiles (US had demolished 846, and Russia destroyed 1,846 missiles). It kept nuclear-tipped cruise missiles off European continent for three decades. </span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><img alt="Intermediate range Nuclear Forces Treaty" src="https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/efb7/1x654c3d6zuqcii6g.jpg" style="float:left; height:572px; width:754px" /></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">China has agreed to provide US $2.5 billion in loans to Pakistan to boost its depleting foreign exchange reserves. It will place $2.5 billion in deposits with Pakistan’s central bank viz. State Bank of Pakistan (SBP).The money is coming as part of Pakistan Government’s strategy to secure breathing space till time its macroeconomic stabilisation measures take effect.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">With this, China’s contribution in this fiscal year alone will be around $4.5 billion. In July 2018, China deposited $2 billion with SBP. In past five years, China has emerged as Pakistan’s single largest saviour in times of economic crisis.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>What is the issue?</strong></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Pakistan is struggling to maintain its foreign exchange (Forex) reserves and is nearly broke with drying up of foreign cash reserves and mounting external debt.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Its $8.12 billion reserves, which are below minimum level prescribed by International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB), are sufficient to cover only seven weeks of imports.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Due to this, WB, IMF and Asian Development Bank (ADB) are not providing loans or bailing out Pakistan for budget financing.</span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>How it Pakistan tackling this issue?</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Pakistan has secured $14.5 billion worth of commitments from China, Saudi Arabia and UAE as emergency loans to avoid looming default and bridge external financing gap.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Saudi Arabia has agreed to provide $6 billion financial assistance package to Pakistan, which included $3 billion in short term loans at interest rate of 3.18%. It has already disbursed $3 billion.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">UAE has agreed to provide $3 billion in loans at interest rate of around 3% and has already disbursed $1 billion.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">But despite $4 billion inflows from Saudi Arabia and UAE during past two months, gross official foreign currency reserves of Pakistan has stayed at only $8.12 billion as of December 2018 end.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Pakistan also has launched <em>Diaspora bonds</em> at interest rates of 6.25% for three years and 6.75% for five years to arrange funds for balance of payments support.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will be also launching two more financial instruments viz. <em>Sukuk bonds (Islamic bonds)</em> and <em>$3 billion Euro bonds</em> to meet external sector financing requirements.</span></span></li>
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'id' => (int) 107,
'title' => 'India, Bangladesh sign MoU for training 1800 Bangladesh civil servants ',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">India and Bangladesh have signed memorandum of understanding (MoU) for training 1800 Bangladesh Civil Servants at National Centre for Good Governance (NCGG) over next 6 years. It was signed between NCGG and Bangladesh’s Ministry of Public Administration. This is for second time NCGG is entering into MoU for training program for Bangladesh Civil Servants. Under first MoU signed in 2014, 1500 Bangladesh Civil Servants were trained in NCGG.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Key Facts</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">NCGG will train Bangladesh Civil Servants in e-Governance and service delivery, public policy and implementation, information technology (IT), decentralization.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will also train them in urban development and planning, ethics in administration and challenges in implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These trainee officers will undergo training at NCGG Mussoorie centre, Uttarakhand and in Delhi where they would visit Government of India (GoI’s) establishments.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This collaboration is considered as historic milestone in capacity building and training programs between India and Bangladesh.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>National Centre for Good Governance (NCGG)</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It isautonomous institute under Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DAR&PG), Union Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was established in 2014 by rechristening and expanding mandate of National Institute of Administrative Research (NIAR), set up in 1995 by Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA).</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Its head office is in New Delhi and registered office in Mussoorie, Uttarakhand.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Its mandate is to assist in bringing about governance reforms through studies, training, knowledge sharing and promotion of good ideas.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It seeks to carry out policy relevant research and prepare case studies, curate training courses for civil servants from India and other developing countries.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It also provides platform for sharing of existing knowledge and pro-actively seek out and develop ideas for their implementation in government, both at States and Central level.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'Egypt's President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi elected as chairperson of African Union',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Egypt's President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi was elected chairperson of African Union (AU) by its 55 member nations at 32nd AU summit held in Addis Ababa, capital city of Ethiopia. He will succeed Rwandan President Paul Kagame (in office from January 2018 to January 2019). The post of AU chairperson rotates annually between five regions of continent. This is for first time since establishment of AU, Egypt has assumed top seat of the body.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">African Union</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It is pan-Africa continental union consisting of 55 countries. Its structure is loosely modelled on that of European Union.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It aims at promoting unity and cooperation among African nations and strive to spread democracy and good governance in the continent.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It seeks to accelerate process of integration in continent to enable it play its rightful role in global economy while addressing multifaceted social, economic and political problems.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It was founded in May 2001 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and launched in July 2002 in South Africa. It had replaced Organisation of African Unity (OAU). </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Its secretariat/headquarters i.e. African Union Commission is based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Its most important decisions are made by Assembly which is a semi-annual meeting of the heads of state and government of its member states.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It also has official bodies such as Peace and Security Council and Pan-African Parliament. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
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'id' => (int) 1235,
'title' => 'WHO recognizes Burnout as medical condition',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Health Organization (WHO) for the first time recognised “occupational burn-out” as a medical condition during its recently concluded World Health Assembly in Geneva. It has put burnout in International Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11) list, which is used globally as benchmark for health diagnosis. The updated ICD-11 list will take effect in January 2022, also</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Occupational Burn-out</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">WHO Definition:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is defined as syndrome conceptualised as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. It refers specifically to phenomena in occupational context and should not be applied to describe experiences in other areas of life.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Three dimensions of Burnour:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> (i) Feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion (ii) Increased mental distance from one's job, or feelings of negativism or cynicism related to one's job; and (iii) reduced professional efficacy. </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Classification of Diseases (ICD) </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is the international standard diagnostic tool for epidemiology, clinical purposes and health management. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Full official name:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. It is maintained by WHO and revised periodically. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It serves as foundation for identifying health trends and statistics worldwide. It is designed as health care classification system by providing system of diagnostic codes for classifying diseases, including classifications of wide variety of signs, symptoms, complaints, social circumstances, abnormal findings and external causes of injury or disease. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It provides common language for health professionals to share health information across the globe. It contains more than 55,000 unique codes for injuries, diseases and causes of death. </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> <strong>ICD-11</strong></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is updated ICD list that will take effect in January 2022. It also contains several other additions, including classification of “compulsive sexual behaviour” as a mental disorder. It also recognises video gaming as an addiction, listing it alongside drug abuse and gambling. It also has for first time has added chapter on traditional systems of medicine.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
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'title' => 'ADB approves US $350 million loan for road project in Chhattisgarh',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Multi-lateral funding agency Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved US $350 million loan for road project in Chhattisgarh. The project aims at rehabilitating and upgrading state highways and major district roads in Chhattisgarh, which will improve connectivity and access to basic services and livelihood opportunities.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Project</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It aims to provide safer and higher capacity road connectivity between state capital, district centres, and other rural hubs. It also seeks to provide efficient linkages between existing key corridors.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will support state government's strategy by rehabilitating or upgrading two state highways and 23 major district roads totalling about 850 kilometres. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The total cost of this project is US $521.69 million of which State Government will finance US $171.69 million. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Significance of Project: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will boost access of the poor to socio-economic opportunities and to basic services such as healthcare and education. It will also improve the overall quality of life in influence areas along the roads. </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Chhattisgarh is overwhelmingly rural (about 96</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of the area) ad is rich in natural resources and a major producer of minerals such as coal and iron ore. However, according to 2011 census, poverty levels were at about 38</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of the population. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">There is need for safe and efficient road network to significantly improve state's economy and development, and for poverty reduction in the state. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Currently, Chhattisgarh relies heavily on roads for movement of people and goods, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas. About 70%of the state highways have only single or intermediate lanes, while most major and other district roads are single lanes. </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Asian Development Bank (ADB)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is multilateral lending agency based in Manila, Philippines. It was established on 19 December 1966.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is collectively owned by its members. It has total 67 members – 48 from Asia-Pacific region (including India) and 19 from outside.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It envisions prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and Pacific, while sustaining its efforts to eradicate extreme poverty in the region.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It assists its members, and partners, by providing loans, technical assistance, grants and equity investments to promote social and economic development</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It provides finance to both sovereign countries as well as to private entities. It provides soft loans to poorer countries and hard loans to middle-income countries.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Most of its lending is concentrated in five operational areas viz. education, environment, climate Change & disaster management, finance sector development, regional cooperation & integration and private sector lending.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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(int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
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'title' => 'Statue of Unity shortlisted for UK-based structural award',
'description' => '<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Context: </strong>The Statue of Unity, a memorial to Sardar Patel, in <strong>Gujarat’s Kevadia town </strong>has been shortlisted for ‘<strong>The Structural Awards 2019’ of the UK-based Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE).</strong></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Highlights:</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>The 182-m-tall</strong> statue was unveiled by Prime Minister Narendra Modi <strong>on October 31<sup>st</sup> 2018.</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is <strong>among the 49 structures that will vie for the prestigious award,</strong> according to the institution’s website. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>awards will be announced at a function in London on November 15.</strong></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>About the award:</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The institute has been bestowing this award for <strong>best structural designs for the last 52 years.</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">One of the <strong>aims </strong>of this awards programme is to increase awareness of the important work that structural engineers do.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Other structures shortlisted</strong> for the award include a <strong>sports stadium with a roof made of rotating petals at Hangzhou in China, a 22-m-deep basement beneath a five-star hotel in London and buildings showcasing the world’s best seismic performance in San Francisco,</strong> according to the website. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Past winners </strong>of this award include iconic structures such as <strong>Sydney Opera House in Australia, the Pompidou Centre in Paris and Severn Bridge in England.</strong></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Why this statue was selected?</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is considered to be <strong>an impressive sculpture by virtue of its scale and location</strong>.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> It put <strong>great demands on the engineers to conquer the challenges</strong> such as defining the design loads, selecting the right materials for the right purposes, and handling the uncertainties of geology.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The statue, <strong>designed by architect Ram Suthar</strong> <strong>and built by Larsen and Toubro</strong>, has a <strong>viewing gallery at a height of 150 m </strong>which provides visitors a <strong>spectacular view of the Sardar Sarovar dam and its vicinity.</strong></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'metadescription' => 'The Statue of Unity, a memorial to Sardar Patel, in Gujarat’s Kevadia town has been shortlisted for ‘The Structural Awards 2019’ of the UK-based',
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(int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
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'title' => 'India-UK workshop on Science for Disaster and Emergency Risk Management',
'description' => '<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">Context:</span></span></strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"> <strong>A two days India-UK workshop </strong>on Science for Disaster and Emergency Risk Management was <strong>inaugurated on 29/08/2019 in Delhi by Dr. P. K. Mishra, Additional PS to the PM. </strong></span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none"> </li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">In his <strong>inaugural address</strong> Dr. Mishra stressed that <strong>in an increasingly interconnected world, the disaster and emergency risks are becoming more complex and intractable</strong>. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">Therefore, it is of <strong>vital importance that India and UK work together to optimize the application of scientific and technological capabilities</strong> in order to understand reduce and manage disaster and emergency risks which have grave implications on life and economy of nations.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">The key objective of the workshop</span></span></strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">: To <strong>share the Indian and UK advise mechanisms and practices</strong> for using <strong>science and technology in the management of emergencies and disasters. </strong></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">More about the workshop:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none"> </li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">The interactions will <strong>focus on presenting both countries respective scientific and technological apparatus for mitigating disasters proactively</strong> with the <strong>aim to facilitate adoption of best practices</strong> by i<strong>dentifying new opportunities and building upon the existing I</strong>ndo-UK collaborations on science and technology. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">The selected risk areas</span></span></strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"> of interest to both countries including <strong>case studies</strong> covering Science for Disaster management, <strong>Risk assessment </strong>for resilience, <strong>Science for epidemic preparedness, Science for extreme weather events, Geophysical hazards</strong> including earthquakes and landslides and Civil nuclear safety including modeling of radiological release will be covered in the two-day dialogue.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">The event is organised by the <strong>Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser, GoI</strong> along with the <strong>National Disaster Management Authority in partnership with the UK Governments Office of Science.</strong></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2',
'id' => (int) 2240,
'title' => 'Solomon Islands cuts diplomatic ties with Taiwan',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Taiwan’s global acceptance has received a setback after its largest ally in pacific ,the Solomon Islands has decided to cut ties with it and shift allegience to China.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> The government had conducted a poll to decide on its policy, where 27 lawmakers voted in favour of switching allegiance to China and six abstained. The Cabinet then voted unanimously in favour of the change.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">After this incident only 16 countries worldwide continue to recognise Taiwan, including five small Pacific nations which includes American llies, the Marshall Islands and Palau. Experts say Kiribati, Nauru and Tuvalu could soon switch.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is said that China’s big purse attitude has created a shift in mindset of the Solomonese government, which planned on favouring china in exchange of monetary support.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Taiwan</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Taiwan, officially called the <strong>Republic of China</strong> (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighbouring states include the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the west, Japan to the north-east, and the Philippines to the south.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">China considers Taiwan to be part of its territory and wants to bring the island back into its fold. Taiwan split from mainland China during a civil war in 1949 and set up a rival government.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Solomon Islands</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Solomon Islands is a sovereign state consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania lying to the east of Papua New Guinea and northwest of Vanuatu.The country's capital is Honiara.</span></span></p>
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'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2',
'id' => (int) 2307,
'title' => 'Area 51 ',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">UFO enthusiasts drawn by alien-themed festivities arrived to rural Nevada in the U.S. near the Area 51 U.S. military base, which is rumoured to house government secrets about extraterrestrial life and spaceships.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Recently a facebook post was created for an event to storm Area 51 where more than 2mn people marked themselves as interested in attending the event.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This brought into focus the long mystery-shrouded military base, famous for its existence in movies and conspiracy theories.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Area 51 had long been shrouded in mystery, stoking conspiracy theories that it housed the remnants of a flying saucer and the bodies of its alien crew from a supposed unidentified flying object crash in Roswell, New Mexico, in 1947.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The U.S. government did not confirm the base existed until 2013, when it released CIA archives saying the site was used to test top-secret spy planes.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Several Americans believe that it was where the government hid bodies of aliens and UFOs and some believe it was here the government held “meetings” with extraterrestrials, and others speculated it was where the government developed “time travel” technology.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Area 51</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Area 51, a secret US military facility has become immortalized in pop culture thanks to conspiracy theories. It’s appeared in several films, including blockbusters like Independence Day, and was even the sole subject of a 2015 science-fiction film called Area 51.</span></span></p>
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(int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2',
'id' => (int) 2352,
'title' => 'Saudi Arabia to offer tourist visas for the first time',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Saudi Arabia<strong> </strong>has said it will offer tourist visas for the first time, opening up the kingdom to holidaymakers as part of a push to diversify its economy away from oil.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Kickstarting tourism is one of the centrepieces of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's Vision 2030 reform programme to prepare the biggest Arab economy for a post-oil era.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Saudi Arabia will open applications for online tourist visas to citizens of 49 countries.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Visas are currently restricted to expat workers, their dependents and Muslim pilgrims travelling to holy sites in Mecca and Medina.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government hopes tourism will contribute up to 10% of the gross domestic product by 2030, compared to 3% currently.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Since oil prices have been reeling lately there is a need to look for alternative sources for economic growth.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Indian visa policy</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">India offers Freedom of Movement to countires like Nepal and Bhutan, whose citizens can enter India without Visa and can live and work freely.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">India has expanded Visa on Arrival for more than 40 countries, who can obtain their stay certificate after their landing in India.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">India also extends e-Visas for more than 100 countries globally, where visas can be obtained through online application.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2',
'id' => (int) 2465,
'title' => 'Migrant crisis',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">At least 13 people died when an overloaded migrant boat capsized near the island of Lampedusa near Italy.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Large number of people are fleeing Africa and west Asia towards Europe to escape wars and persecution in their home land. They are forced to flee towards Europe in unsecured boats which are susceptible to drowning.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Details</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The European migrant crisis also known as the refugee crisis, is a period beginning in 2015 characterised by high numbers of people arriving in the European Union (EU) from across the Mediterranean Sea or overland through Southeast Europe following Turkey's migrant crisis. It is part of a pattern of increased immigration to Europe from other continents.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Immigrants from outside Europe include asylum seekers and economic migrants.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Reasons for migration</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Refugees as weapons</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Refugees as Weapons", or "Weapon of Mass Migration" is a term used for mass exodus of refugees from a state to a hostile state as a "weapon" against an enemy.</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>War and civil war</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In June 2015 the UN refugee agency reported that wars and persecutions are the main reasons behind the refugee crises all over the world.</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Human rights violations</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Discrimination and inequality can also lead many individuals and families to move away from their homelands to other countries or regions.</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Environment and climate</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">People displaced by the effects of climate change have often been termed "climate refugees" or "climate change refugees.</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Economic hardship</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">People are forced to migrate due to lack of economic security in their home country.</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Political Reasons</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">People prosecuted for their political activities are also forced to abandon their home land and move towards another country to seek political asylum.</span></span></p>
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(int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2',
'id' => (int) 2548,
'title' => 'US passes’ Hong Kong Democracy Act’',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue </strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The U.S. House of Representatives has passed a bill that aims to defend civil rights in the semi-autonomous territory of Hong Kong.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The law would end the Hong Kong-U.S. special trading status unless the State Department certifies annually that city authorities are respecting human rights and the rule of law.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Th act requires the U.S. president to identify and sanction people who are responsible for the erosion of autonomy and serious abuses of human rights in Hong Kong.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The House of Representatives has said that the act is just an effoert to force China to honor the government's promises that Hong Kong's rights and autonomy would be protected.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>China’s response</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">China has said that U.S. should stop meddling in other affairs and warned China would take strong measures to counter the proposed Hong Kong bill.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Hong Kong protests</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Millions of citizens have taken to the streets of Hong Kong, against a now-dropped effort by its leaders to allow extraditions to the authoritarian Chinese mainland.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The months-long movement has expanded into a broader pro-democracy push in the territory where activists say freedoms are being eroded by Beijing to undermine autonomy of Hong Kong.</span></span></p>
</li>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The journey for the majority of the deportees, who are from Punjab and Haryana, started from Ecuador and ended in Mexico via Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras and Guatemala, which is the standard route followed by the immigrants to enter into the US illegally.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Citing rampant migrational trends, US President Donald Trump had threatened tariffs on all Mexican imports if the country did not put a check on people entering America through Mexico's borders.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Mexico had agreed to boost security on the border and expand its policy of taking back migrants.</span></span></p>
</li>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Reasons for migration</strong></span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Migration is commonly practised as a strategy for making a living and is related to the struggle for a better life.</span></span></p>
</li>
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</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Education can also be reason for migrating.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Political and social causes like asylum,can also force people to migrate to new places.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Drawbacks of migration</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Migrants can have problems accessing health care, and also experience much danger at border crossings.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Transnational families can suffer emotionally as well as physically due to separation.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Attacks from natives for entering into their country and encroaching upon their jobs.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Racial threats.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Increasing crime and terrorist activities.</span></span></p>
</li>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The journey for the majority of the deportees, who are from Punjab and Haryana, started from Ecuador and ended in Mexico via Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras and Guatemala, which is the standard route followed by the immigrants to enter into the US illegally.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Citing rampant migrational trends, US President Donald Trump had threatened tariffs on all Mexican imports if the country did not put a check on people entering America through Mexico's borders.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Mexico had agreed to boost security on the border and expand its policy of taking back migrants.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Reasons for migration</strong></span></span></p>
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<li>
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<li>
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<li>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Drawbacks of migration</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Migrants can have problems accessing health care, and also experience much danger at border crossings.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
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<li>
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The announcement comes after US and Russia failed to resolve long-running accusation that Russia is violating this cold war era treaty. US will exit this treaty in six months unless Russia assures compliance by destroying all of its violating missiles, launchers, and associated equipment under this treaty.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Reasons for suspension</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The suspension comes after US President Donald Trump in October 2018 announced unilateral withdrawal of US from INF treaty.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">US alleges that Russia violated this treaty by testing 9M729 ground-launched cruise missile (NATO name SSC-8) in 2014, having range beyond prescribed by this treaty and had deployed the same missile that could strike Europe at short notice.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Russia, however, has denied US accusation saying that relevant missile was never tested at distances banned under the agreement and has called on US to show proof of a violation.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Russia also has accused US of breaching treaty by deploying its missile-defence systems in Europe, a charge which US rejects.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Since then both countries have failed to find resolution using dispute resolution mechanism in treaty. </span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) treaty</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was crucial Cold War-era treaty signed in December 1987 between then US President Ronald Reagan and his USSR counterpart Mikhail Gorbachev. (Russia was known as USSR before its disintegration after cold war in early 1990s).</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It prohibits US and Russia from possessing, producing or test-flying ground-launched cruise missiles with ranges of 500–1,000 km or (short-range) and 1,000–5,500 km (intermediate-range).</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It also covers all land-based missiles, including those missiles carrying nuclear warheads. However, i<em>t does not cover sea-launched or air-launched weapons.</em></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The ban under it was originally applied only to US and USSR forces, but its membership was eventually expanded in 1991 to include successor states of former Soviet Union. Thus, it offered blanket of protection to US’s European allies.</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Significance</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This treaty marked watershed agreement between US and USSR which were at centre of arms race during the Cold War.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was central to ending arms race between two superpowers during cold war and protected US’s NATO allies in Europe from Soviet missile attacks. </span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was designed to provide some strategic stability in Europe from USSR (now Russia). It had proved to be potent deterrent against any full-scale nuclear war in Europe. </span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It had resulted in the destruction of 2,692 missiles (US had demolished 846, and Russia destroyed 1,846 missiles). It kept nuclear-tipped cruise missiles off European continent for three decades. </span></span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><img alt="Intermediate range Nuclear Forces Treaty" src="https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/efb7/1x654c3d6zuqcii6g.jpg" style="float:left; height:572px; width:754px" /></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"> </p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'us-suspends-intermediate-range-nuclear-forces-treaty-with-russia', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/3b2d/17byy4aps4oaabg6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/3b2d/17byy4aps4oaabg6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'US suspends Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty with Russia', 'metakeyword' => 'US suspends Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty with Russia', 'metadescription' => 'In International Current Affairs, US suspends Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty with Russia, ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/ul29cp1oqddovkv/7.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2', 'id' => (int) 51, 'title' => 'China to provide $2.5 billion loan to Pakistan', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">China has agreed to provide US $2.5 billion in loans to Pakistan to boost its depleting foreign exchange reserves. It will place $2.5 billion in deposits with Pakistan’s central bank viz. State Bank of Pakistan (SBP).The money is coming as part of Pakistan Government’s strategy to secure breathing space till time its macroeconomic stabilisation measures take effect.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">With this, China’s contribution in this fiscal year alone will be around $4.5 billion. In July 2018, China deposited $2 billion with SBP. In past five years, China has emerged as Pakistan’s single largest saviour in times of economic crisis.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>What is the issue?</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Pakistan is struggling to maintain its foreign exchange (Forex) reserves and is nearly broke with drying up of foreign cash reserves and mounting external debt.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Its $8.12 billion reserves, which are below minimum level prescribed by International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB), are sufficient to cover only seven weeks of imports.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Due to this, WB, IMF and Asian Development Bank (ADB) are not providing loans or bailing out Pakistan for budget financing.</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>How it Pakistan tackling this issue?</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Pakistan has secured $14.5 billion worth of commitments from China, Saudi Arabia and UAE as emergency loans to avoid looming default and bridge external financing gap.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Saudi Arabia has agreed to provide $6 billion financial assistance package to Pakistan, which included $3 billion in short term loans at interest rate of 3.18%. It has already disbursed $3 billion.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">UAE has agreed to provide $3 billion in loans at interest rate of around 3% and has already disbursed $1 billion.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">But despite $4 billion inflows from Saudi Arabia and UAE during past two months, gross official foreign currency reserves of Pakistan has stayed at only $8.12 billion as of December 2018 end.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Pakistan also has launched <em>Diaspora bonds</em> at interest rates of 6.25% for three years and 6.75% for five years to arrange funds for balance of payments support.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will be also launching two more financial instruments viz. <em>Sukuk bonds (Islamic bonds)</em> and <em>$3 billion Euro bonds</em> to meet external sector financing requirements.</span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'china-to-provide-2-5-billion-loan-to-pakistan', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/fe15/5wngpq3z1exxznl6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/fe15/5wngpq3z1exxznl6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'China to provide $2.5 billion loan to Pakistan - Study IQ', 'metakeyword' => 'China, Pakistan loan by China, Pakistan, $2.5 billion loan to Pakistan', 'metadescription' => 'China has agreed to provide US $2.5 billion in loans to Pakistan to boost its depleting foreign exchange reserves. Know all the Information about China over Pak', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/u40dqsocgqq0421/current_affair_9.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2', 'id' => (int) 107, 'title' => 'India, Bangladesh sign MoU for training 1800 Bangladesh civil servants ', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">India and Bangladesh have signed memorandum of understanding (MoU) for training 1800 Bangladesh Civil Servants at National Centre for Good Governance (NCGG) over next 6 years. It was signed between NCGG and Bangladesh’s Ministry of Public Administration. This is for second time NCGG is entering into MoU for training program for Bangladesh Civil Servants. Under first MoU signed in 2014, 1500 Bangladesh Civil Servants were trained in NCGG.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Key Facts</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">NCGG will train Bangladesh Civil Servants in e-Governance and service delivery, public policy and implementation, information technology (IT), decentralization.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will also train them in urban development and planning, ethics in administration and challenges in implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These trainee officers will undergo training at NCGG Mussoorie centre, Uttarakhand and in Delhi where they would visit Government of India (GoI’s) establishments.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This collaboration is considered as historic milestone in capacity building and training programs between India and Bangladesh.</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>National Centre for Good Governance (NCGG)</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It isautonomous institute under Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DAR&PG), Union Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was established in 2014 by rechristening and expanding mandate of National Institute of Administrative Research (NIAR), set up in 1995 by Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA).</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Its head office is in New Delhi and registered office in Mussoorie, Uttarakhand.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Its mandate is to assist in bringing about governance reforms through studies, training, knowledge sharing and promotion of good ideas.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It seeks to carry out policy relevant research and prepare case studies, curate training courses for civil servants from India and other developing countries.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It also provides platform for sharing of existing knowledge and pro-actively seek out and develop ideas for their implementation in government, both at States and Central level.</span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'india-bangladesh-sign-mou-for-training', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/b200/s2biu1b2k280psa6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/b200/s2biu1b2k280psa6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'India, Bangladesh sign MoU for training 1800 B.desh civil servant', 'metakeyword' => 'In National Current Affairs, India-Bangladesh, Training, Civil Servants, NCGG, National Centre for Good Governance ', 'metadescription' => 'India and Bangladesh have signed memorandum of understanding (MoU) for training 1800 Bangladesh Civil Servants at National Centre for Good Governance ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/x626ltnrd3rxqta/9feb_India%252C_Bangladesh_sign.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2', 'id' => (int) 116, 'title' => 'Egypt's President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi elected as chairperson of African Union', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Egypt's President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi was elected chairperson of African Union (AU) by its 55 member nations at 32nd AU summit held in Addis Ababa, capital city of Ethiopia. He will succeed Rwandan President Paul Kagame (in office from January 2018 to January 2019). The post of AU chairperson rotates annually between five regions of continent. This is for first time since establishment of AU, Egypt has assumed top seat of the body.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">African Union</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It is pan-Africa continental union consisting of 55 countries. Its structure is loosely modelled on that of European Union.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It aims at promoting unity and cooperation among African nations and strive to spread democracy and good governance in the continent.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It seeks to accelerate process of integration in continent to enable it play its rightful role in global economy while addressing multifaceted social, economic and political problems.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It was founded in May 2001 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and launched in July 2002 in South Africa. It had replaced Organisation of African Unity (OAU). </span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Its secretariat/headquarters i.e. African Union Commission is based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. </span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Its most important decisions are made by Assembly which is a semi-annual meeting of the heads of state and government of its member states.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It also has official bodies such as Peace and Security Council and Pan-African Parliament. </span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'al-Sisi-chairperson-african-union', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/3803/hgle3p278zhycj96g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/3803/hgle3p278zhycj96g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Abdel Fattah al-Sisi elected as chairperson of African Union', 'metakeyword' => 'In International Current Affairs, Egypt's President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi elected as chairperson of African Union', 'metadescription' => 'Egypt's President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi elected chairperson of African Union ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/n3q746fsub2dnbd/11FEBEgypt%2527s_President_Abdel_Fattah.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2', 'id' => (int) 1235, 'title' => 'WHO recognizes Burnout as medical condition', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Health Organization (WHO) for the first time recognised “occupational burn-out” as a medical condition during its recently concluded World Health Assembly in Geneva. It has put burnout in International Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11) list, which is used globally as benchmark for health diagnosis. The updated ICD-11 list will take effect in January 2022, also</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Occupational Burn-out</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">WHO Definition:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is defined as syndrome conceptualised as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. It refers specifically to phenomena in occupational context and should not be applied to describe experiences in other areas of life.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Three dimensions of Burnour:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> (i) Feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion (ii) Increased mental distance from one's job, or feelings of negativism or cynicism related to one's job; and (iii) reduced professional efficacy. </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Classification of Diseases (ICD) </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is the international standard diagnostic tool for epidemiology, clinical purposes and health management. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Full official name:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. It is maintained by WHO and revised periodically. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It serves as foundation for identifying health trends and statistics worldwide. It is designed as health care classification system by providing system of diagnostic codes for classifying diseases, including classifications of wide variety of signs, symptoms, complaints, social circumstances, abnormal findings and external causes of injury or disease. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It provides common language for health professionals to share health information across the globe. It contains more than 55,000 unique codes for injuries, diseases and causes of death. </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> <strong>ICD-11</strong></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is updated ICD list that will take effect in January 2022. It also contains several other additions, including classification of “compulsive sexual behaviour” as a mental disorder. It also recognises video gaming as an addiction, listing it alongside drug abuse and gambling. It also has for first time has added chapter on traditional systems of medicine.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'who-recognizes-burnout-as-medical-condition', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/561e/rwccz587btsyaje6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/561e/rwccz587btsyaje6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'WHO recognizes Burnout as medical condition', 'metakeyword' => 'WHO recognizes Burnout as medical condition, International Classification of Diseases-11', 'metadescription' => 'WHO recognizes Burnout as medical condition, International Classification of Diseases-11', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/jmd5eovh3wqmpah/WHO_recognizes_Burnout_as_medical_condition.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2', 'id' => (int) 1297, 'title' => 'ADB approves US $350 million loan for road project in Chhattisgarh', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Multi-lateral funding agency Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved US $350 million loan for road project in Chhattisgarh. The project aims at rehabilitating and upgrading state highways and major district roads in Chhattisgarh, which will improve connectivity and access to basic services and livelihood opportunities.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Project</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It aims to provide safer and higher capacity road connectivity between state capital, district centres, and other rural hubs. It also seeks to provide efficient linkages between existing key corridors.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will support state government's strategy by rehabilitating or upgrading two state highways and 23 major district roads totalling about 850 kilometres. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The total cost of this project is US $521.69 million of which State Government will finance US $171.69 million. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Significance of Project: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will boost access of the poor to socio-economic opportunities and to basic services such as healthcare and education. It will also improve the overall quality of life in influence areas along the roads. </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Chhattisgarh is overwhelmingly rural (about 96</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of the area) ad is rich in natural resources and a major producer of minerals such as coal and iron ore. However, according to 2011 census, poverty levels were at about 38</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of the population. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">There is need for safe and efficient road network to significantly improve state's economy and development, and for poverty reduction in the state. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Currently, Chhattisgarh relies heavily on roads for movement of people and goods, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas. About 70%of the state highways have only single or intermediate lanes, while most major and other district roads are single lanes. </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Asian Development Bank (ADB)</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is multilateral lending agency based in Manila, Philippines. It was established on 19 December 1966.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is collectively owned by its members. It has total 67 members – 48 from Asia-Pacific region (including India) and 19 from outside.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It envisions prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and Pacific, while sustaining its efforts to eradicate extreme poverty in the region.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It assists its members, and partners, by providing loans, technical assistance, grants and equity investments to promote social and economic development</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It provides finance to both sovereign countries as well as to private entities. It provides soft loans to poorer countries and hard loans to middle-income countries.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Most of its lending is concentrated in five operational areas viz. education, environment, climate Change & disaster management, finance sector development, regional cooperation & integration and private sector lending.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'adb-loan-road-project-chhattisgarh', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9a3a/c9pebk8et8cq0l06g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9a3a/c9pebk8et8cq0l06g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'ADB approves US $350 mn loan for road project in Chhattisgarh', 'metakeyword' => 'ADB, approved, $350 million loan, road project, Chhattisgarh, rehabilitating, upgrading, state highways', 'metadescription' => 'ADB) has approved US $350 million loan for road project in Chhattisgarh. The project aims at rehabilitating and upgrading state highways', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/2613w1ewqmhblja/ADB_approves_US_%24350_million_loan_for_road_project_in_Chhattisgarh.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2', 'id' => (int) 1837, 'title' => 'Statue of Unity shortlisted for UK-based structural award', 'description' => '<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Context: </strong>The Statue of Unity, a memorial to Sardar Patel, in <strong>Gujarat’s Kevadia town </strong>has been shortlisted for ‘<strong>The Structural Awards 2019’ of the UK-based Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE).</strong></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Highlights:</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>The 182-m-tall</strong> statue was unveiled by Prime Minister Narendra Modi <strong>on October 31<sup>st</sup> 2018.</strong></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is <strong>among the 49 structures that will vie for the prestigious award,</strong> according to the institution’s website. </span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>awards will be announced at a function in London on November 15.</strong></span></span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>About the award:</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The institute has been bestowing this award for <strong>best structural designs for the last 52 years.</strong></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">One of the <strong>aims </strong>of this awards programme is to increase awareness of the important work that structural engineers do.</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Other structures shortlisted</strong> for the award include a <strong>sports stadium with a roof made of rotating petals at Hangzhou in China, a 22-m-deep basement beneath a five-star hotel in London and buildings showcasing the world’s best seismic performance in San Francisco,</strong> according to the website. </span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Past winners </strong>of this award include iconic structures such as <strong>Sydney Opera House in Australia, the Pompidou Centre in Paris and Severn Bridge in England.</strong></span></span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Why this statue was selected?</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is considered to be <strong>an impressive sculpture by virtue of its scale and location</strong>.</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> It put <strong>great demands on the engineers to conquer the challenges</strong> such as defining the design loads, selecting the right materials for the right purposes, and handling the uncertainties of geology.</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The statue, <strong>designed by architect Ram Suthar</strong> <strong>and built by Larsen and Toubro</strong>, has a <strong>viewing gallery at a height of 150 m </strong>which provides visitors a <strong>spectacular view of the Sardar Sarovar dam and its vicinity.</strong></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'statue-of-unity-shortlisted-for-uk-based', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/48d1/h0d3v2e9cm0dr6t6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/48d1/h0d3v2e9cm0dr6t6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Statue of Unity shortlisted for UK-based', 'metakeyword' => 'Statue of Unity shortlisted, Statue of Unity shortlisted for UK-based, ', 'metadescription' => 'The Statue of Unity, a memorial to Sardar Patel, in Gujarat’s Kevadia town has been shortlisted for ‘The Structural Awards 2019’ of the UK-based', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/160xtvt917qpob0/Statue_of_Unity_shortlisted_for_UK-based_structural_award.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2', 'id' => (int) 2042, 'title' => 'India-UK workshop on Science for Disaster and Emergency Risk Management', 'description' => '<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">Context:</span></span></strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"> <strong>A two days India-UK workshop </strong>on Science for Disaster and Emergency Risk Management was <strong>inaugurated on 29/08/2019 in Delhi by Dr. P. K. Mishra, Additional PS to the PM. </strong></span></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="list-style-type:none"> </li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">In his <strong>inaugural address</strong> Dr. Mishra stressed that <strong>in an increasingly interconnected world, the disaster and emergency risks are becoming more complex and intractable</strong>. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">Therefore, it is of <strong>vital importance that India and UK work together to optimize the application of scientific and technological capabilities</strong> in order to understand reduce and manage disaster and emergency risks which have grave implications on life and economy of nations.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">The key objective of the workshop</span></span></strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">: To <strong>share the Indian and UK advise mechanisms and practices</strong> for using <strong>science and technology in the management of emergencies and disasters. </strong></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">More about the workshop:</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="list-style-type:none"> </li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">The interactions will <strong>focus on presenting both countries respective scientific and technological apparatus for mitigating disasters proactively</strong> with the <strong>aim to facilitate adoption of best practices</strong> by i<strong>dentifying new opportunities and building upon the existing I</strong>ndo-UK collaborations on science and technology. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">The selected risk areas</span></span></strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"> of interest to both countries including <strong>case studies</strong> covering Science for Disaster management, <strong>Risk assessment </strong>for resilience, <strong>Science for epidemic preparedness, Science for extreme weather events, Geophysical hazards</strong> including earthquakes and landslides and Civil nuclear safety including modeling of radiological release will be covered in the two-day dialogue.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">The event is organised by the <strong>Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser, GoI</strong> along with the <strong>National Disaster Management Authority in partnership with the UK Governments Office of Science.</strong></span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'india-uk-workshop-on-science-for-disaster', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4dba/gx92elngnhx7s0n6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4dba/gx92elngnhx7s0n6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'India-UK workshop on Science for Disaster', 'metakeyword' => 'India-UK workshop on Science for Disaster', 'metadescription' => 'A two days India-UK workshop on Science for Disaster and Emergency Risk Management was inaugurated on 29/08/2019 in Delhi by Dr. P. K. Mishra, Additional PS to the PM', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/z6pj9kf23l6sbft/India-UK_workshop_on_Science.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2', 'id' => (int) 2240, 'title' => 'Solomon Islands cuts diplomatic ties with Taiwan', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Taiwan’s global acceptance has received a setback after its largest ally in pacific ,the Solomon Islands has decided to cut ties with it and shift allegience to China.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> The government had conducted a poll to decide on its policy, where 27 lawmakers voted in favour of switching allegiance to China and six abstained. The Cabinet then voted unanimously in favour of the change.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">After this incident only 16 countries worldwide continue to recognise Taiwan, including five small Pacific nations which includes American llies, the Marshall Islands and Palau. Experts say Kiribati, Nauru and Tuvalu could soon switch.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is said that China’s big purse attitude has created a shift in mindset of the Solomonese government, which planned on favouring china in exchange of monetary support.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Taiwan</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Taiwan, officially called the <strong>Republic of China</strong> (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighbouring states include the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the west, Japan to the north-east, and the Philippines to the south.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">China considers Taiwan to be part of its territory and wants to bring the island back into its fold. Taiwan split from mainland China during a civil war in 1949 and set up a rival government.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Solomon Islands</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Solomon Islands is a sovereign state consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania lying to the east of Papua New Guinea and northwest of Vanuatu.The country's capital is Honiara.</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'solomon-islands-cuts-diplomatic-ties-with-taiwan', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/389d/3n8ps5j1vwneq656g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/389d/3n8ps5j1vwneq656g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Solomon Islands cuts diplomatic ties with Taiwan', 'metakeyword' => 'China considers Taiwan to be part of its territory and wants to ', 'metadescription' => 'China considers Taiwan to be part of its territory and wants to bring the island back into its fold. Taiwan split from mainland China during a civil war in 1949', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/3n8ps5j1vwneq65/Solomon_Islands_cuts_diplomatic_ties_with_Taiwan.jpg/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2', 'id' => (int) 2307, 'title' => 'Area 51 ', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">UFO enthusiasts drawn by alien-themed festivities arrived to rural Nevada in the U.S. near the Area 51 U.S. military base, which is rumoured to house government secrets about extraterrestrial life and spaceships.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Recently a facebook post was created for an event to storm Area 51 where more than 2mn people marked themselves as interested in attending the event.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This brought into focus the long mystery-shrouded military base, famous for its existence in movies and conspiracy theories.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Area 51 had long been shrouded in mystery, stoking conspiracy theories that it housed the remnants of a flying saucer and the bodies of its alien crew from a supposed unidentified flying object crash in Roswell, New Mexico, in 1947.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The U.S. government did not confirm the base existed until 2013, when it released CIA archives saying the site was used to test top-secret spy planes.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Several Americans believe that it was where the government hid bodies of aliens and UFOs and some believe it was here the government held “meetings” with extraterrestrials, and others speculated it was where the government developed “time travel” technology.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Area 51</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Area 51, a secret US military facility has become immortalized in pop culture thanks to conspiracy theories. It’s appeared in several films, including blockbusters like Independence Day, and was even the sole subject of a 2015 science-fiction film called Area 51.</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'area-51 ', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/7bf0/9sov25c5zixnzyp6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/7bf0/9sov25c5zixnzyp6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Area 51 ', 'metakeyword' => 'UFO enthusiasts drawn by alien-themed festivities arrivedt', 'metadescription' => 'UFO enthusiasts drawn by alien-themed festivities arrived to rural Nevada in the U.S. near the Area 51 U.S. military base, which is rumoured to house ', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/xclm0blctwhryoo/Area_51.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2', 'id' => (int) 2352, 'title' => 'Saudi Arabia to offer tourist visas for the first time', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Saudi Arabia<strong> </strong>has said it will offer tourist visas for the first time, opening up the kingdom to holidaymakers as part of a push to diversify its economy away from oil.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Kickstarting tourism is one of the centrepieces of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's Vision 2030 reform programme to prepare the biggest Arab economy for a post-oil era.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Saudi Arabia will open applications for online tourist visas to citizens of 49 countries.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Visas are currently restricted to expat workers, their dependents and Muslim pilgrims travelling to holy sites in Mecca and Medina.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government hopes tourism will contribute up to 10% of the gross domestic product by 2030, compared to 3% currently.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Since oil prices have been reeling lately there is a need to look for alternative sources for economic growth.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Indian visa policy</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">India offers Freedom of Movement to countires like Nepal and Bhutan, whose citizens can enter India without Visa and can live and work freely.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">India has expanded Visa on Arrival for more than 40 countries, who can obtain their stay certificate after their landing in India.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">India also extends e-Visas for more than 100 countries globally, where visas can be obtained through online application.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'saudi-arabia-to-offer-tourist-visas-for-the-first-time', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e084/4rvpy8blwghg2at6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e084/4rvpy8blwghg2at6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Saudi Arabia to offer tourist visas for the first time', 'metakeyword' => 'Saudi Arabia has said it will offer tourist visas for the', 'metadescription' => 'Saudi Arabia has said it will offer tourist visas for the first time, opening up the kingdom to holidaymakers as part of a push to diversify its economy away from oil.', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/fxeebb2cwy8fwyu/Saudi_Arabia_to_offer_tourist_visas_for_the_first_time.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2', 'id' => (int) 2465, 'title' => 'Migrant crisis', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">At least 13 people died when an overloaded migrant boat capsized near the island of Lampedusa near Italy.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Large number of people are fleeing Africa and west Asia towards Europe to escape wars and persecution in their home land. They are forced to flee towards Europe in unsecured boats which are susceptible to drowning.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Details</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The European migrant crisis also known as the refugee crisis, is a period beginning in 2015 characterised by high numbers of people arriving in the European Union (EU) from across the Mediterranean Sea or overland through Southeast Europe following Turkey's migrant crisis. It is part of a pattern of increased immigration to Europe from other continents.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Immigrants from outside Europe include asylum seekers and economic migrants.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Reasons for migration</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Refugees as weapons</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Refugees as Weapons", or "Weapon of Mass Migration" is a term used for mass exodus of refugees from a state to a hostile state as a "weapon" against an enemy.</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>War and civil war</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In June 2015 the UN refugee agency reported that wars and persecutions are the main reasons behind the refugee crises all over the world.</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Human rights violations</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Discrimination and inequality can also lead many individuals and families to move away from their homelands to other countries or regions.</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Environment and climate</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">People displaced by the effects of climate change have often been termed "climate refugees" or "climate change refugees.</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Economic hardship</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">People are forced to migrate due to lack of economic security in their home country.</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Political Reasons</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">People prosecuted for their political activities are also forced to abandon their home land and move towards another country to seek political asylum.</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'migrant-crisis', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/fdfe/nvlg1s0w3nlxu7a6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/fdfe/nvlg1s0w3nlxu7a6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Migrant crisis | the island of Lampedusa near Italy', 'metakeyword' => 'Migrant crisis', 'metadescription' => 'At least 13 people died when an overloaded migrant boat capsized near the island of Lampedusa near Italy.', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/1jz4f0m0bl4hknr/Migrant_crisis.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-2', 'id' => (int) 2548, 'title' => 'US passes’ Hong Kong Democracy Act’', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue </strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The U.S. House of Representatives has passed a bill that aims to defend civil rights in the semi-autonomous territory of Hong Kong.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The law would end the Hong Kong-U.S. special trading status unless the State Department certifies annually that city authorities are respecting human rights and the rule of law.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Th act requires the U.S. president to identify and sanction people who are responsible for the erosion of autonomy and serious abuses of human rights in Hong Kong.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The House of Representatives has said that the act is just an effoert to force China to honor the government's promises that Hong Kong's rights and autonomy would be protected.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>China’s response</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">China has said that U.S. should stop meddling in other affairs and warned China would take strong measures to counter the proposed Hong Kong bill.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Hong Kong protests</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Millions of citizens have taken to the streets of Hong Kong, against a now-dropped effort by its leaders to allow extraditions to the authoritarian Chinese mainland.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The months-long movement has expanded into a broader pro-democracy push in the territory where activists say freedoms are being eroded by Beijing to undermine autonomy of Hong Kong.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'us-passes-hong-kong-democracy-act', 'image' => 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2574, 'title' => 'Mexico deports illegal Indian migrants', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> More than 300 Indians were deported back by Mexican immigration authorities for illegally entering the country to sneak into the United States.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Large number of people, especially from 3rd world countries try to enter into the US illegally through porous borders of Mexico. 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