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<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">US president Donald Trump has pardoned his long standing advisor and former NSA Michael Flynn for his role in lying to FBI.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The President of US has the constitutional right to pardon or commute sentences related to federal crimes. This power is considered absolute and unconditional.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The power only applies to federal crimes and not state crimes that come under state laws. They can still be tried under state laws.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The pardoning powers of the Indian President are elucidated in Art 72 of the Indian Constitution. There are five different types of pardoning which are mandated by law.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">President can grant pardon to a person awarded death sentence. But a governor of a state does not enjoy this power.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The pardoning power of the president is not absolute. It is governed by the advice of the Council of Ministers. This has not been discussed by the constitution but is the practical truth. </span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The President can return the considerations of the cabinet once but has to give assent if Council of Ministers decides against any change.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Types of pardons</strong></span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Pardon</strong>: means completely absolving the person of the crime and letting him go free. The pardoned criminal will be like a normal citizen.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Commutation</strong>: means changing the type of punishment given to the guilty into a less harsh one, for example, a death penalty commuted to a life sentence.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Reprieve</strong>: means a delay allowed in the execution of a sentence, usually a death sentence, for a guilty person to allow him some time to apply for Presidential Pardon or some other legal remedy to prove his innocence or successful rehabilitation.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Respite</strong>: means reducing the quantum or degree of the punishment to a criminal in view of some special circumstances, like pregnancy, mental condition etc.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Remission</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">: means changing the quantum of the punishment without changing its nature, for example reducing twenty year rigorous imprisonment to ten years.</span></span></p>
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'title' => 'President’s powers to pardon',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">US president Donald Trump has pardoned his long standing advisor and former NSA Michael Flynn for his role in lying to FBI.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The President of US has the constitutional right to pardon or commute sentences related to federal crimes. This power is considered absolute and unconditional.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The power only applies to federal crimes and not state crimes that come under state laws. They can still be tried under state laws.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The pardoning powers of the Indian President are elucidated in Art 72 of the Indian Constitution. There are five different types of pardoning which are mandated by law.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">President can grant pardon to a person awarded death sentence. But a governor of a state does not enjoy this power.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The pardoning power of the president is not absolute. It is governed by the advice of the Council of Ministers. This has not been discussed by the constitution but is the practical truth. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The President can return the considerations of the cabinet once but has to give assent if Council of Ministers decides against any change.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Types of pardons</strong></span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Pardon</strong>: means completely absolving the person of the crime and letting him go free. The pardoned criminal will be like a normal citizen.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Commutation</strong>: means changing the type of punishment given to the guilty into a less harsh one, for example, a death penalty commuted to a life sentence.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Reprieve</strong>: means a delay allowed in the execution of a sentence, usually a death sentence, for a guilty person to allow him some time to apply for Presidential Pardon or some other legal remedy to prove his innocence or successful rehabilitation.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Respite</strong>: means reducing the quantum or degree of the punishment to a criminal in view of some special circumstances, like pregnancy, mental condition etc.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Remission</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">: means changing the quantum of the punishment without changing its nature, for example reducing twenty year rigorous imprisonment to ten years.</span></span></p>
</li>
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