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Tag Wise Current Affairs
Tag: Miscellaneous
ECI to provide braille voter slips to blind voters in Lok Sabha elections
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 05 February 2019
GeM, CCI sign MoU to check malpractices in e-procurement
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 09 February 2019
EC launches Voter Verification and Information Programme
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 09 February 2019
Cabinet abolishes Ombudsman for Direct, Indirect taxes for grievance redressal
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 07 February 2019
Government launches PCS1X Maritime e-commerce Portal
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 19 February 2019
PCI issues guidelines to media on conduct during election
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 11 April 2019
ICSSR: Vice President inaugurates Golden Jubilee Celebrations
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 14 May 2019
First UIDAI-run Aadhaar Seva Kendra becomes operational
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 03 July 2019
Government launches digital initiatives for Haj Pilgrims
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 07 July 2019
Kerala Govt forms Non-Resident Keralites Investment company
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 11 July 2019
Record 60.14% turnout of service voters through ETPBS: ECI
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 22 July 2019
Popular Front of India: The organisation facing chances of ban
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 02 January 2020
EC tells Supreme Court, criminally tainted candidates must not get tickets
Tags: Miscellaneous
Published on: 25 January 2020
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'title' => 'ECI to provide braille voter slips to blind voters in Lok Sabha elections',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Election Commission of India (ECI) has announced to provide visually impaired and blind voters with braille voter slip in coming Lok Sabha elections this year. This initiative has been launched as part of ECI’s strategic framework for 'accessible elections'.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Braille voter slips</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Chief electoral officers (CEOs) will issue these accessible photo voter slips with braille to voters who are visually impaired or blind.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The braille enabled slips were also used in recently held assembly elections. ECI is also planning to provide braille election photo identity cards to visually challenged.</span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Note: </strong>Electronic voting machines (EVMs) already have braille feature. The ballot paper pasted on EVMs with name and symbol of candidates is braille enabled.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Braille </strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is tactile reading and writing system used by blind and visually impaired people who cannot access print material.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was created Louis Braille in 1824 and named after it. It is script with raised dots that can be read with fingers by people who are blind or who have low vision.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is read by moving hand or hands from left to right along each line. Both hands are usually involved in its reading process and index fingers are generally used in reading.</span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Strategic Framework on Accessible Elections </strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is compilation of guidelines issued by ECI and Department for Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, Union Ministry of Social justice and Empowerment.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was adopted on 4th July 2018 in National Consultation on Accessible Elections as part of ECI’s series of measures to maximize participation of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Election Process and premise of ‘No voter to be left behind’.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It aims at sensitization through education/training, involves communities of different sections of society, ties up with institutions and originations and create facilities to cater to specific needs of PwDs with view to increasing their participation in elections.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It also seeks to build equal access framework for PwDs supported by fundamentals of responsiveness, respect and dignity to enhance elector confidence among them and enhance their electoral participation.</span></span></li>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Government e Marketplace (GeM) and Competition Commission of India (CCI) signed Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to cooperate on public procurement matters and for detection of anti-competitive practices.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Features of MoU</strong></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Government e Marketplace (GeM)</strong></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Its objective is to <em>enhance transparency, efficiency and speed in public procurement of goods and services and eliminate corruption</em>.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is completely paperless, cashless and system, driven e-market place that enables procurement of common use goods and services with minimal human interface.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It functions under the aegis of Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals (DGS&D), Union Ministry of Commerce and Industries.</span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Competition Commission of India (CCI)</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is quasi-judicial statutory body of Central Government of India, responsible for enforcing Competition Act, 2002 throughout India.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Its mandate is to eliminate practices having adverse effect on competition, promote healthy and sustain competition, protect interests of consumers and ensure freedom of trade in markets of India.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It comprises of Chairperson and three members appointed by Central Government. It functions under aegis of Ministry of Cooperate Affairs.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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'metatitle' => 'GeM, CCI sign MoU to check malpractices in e-procurement',
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'title' => 'Ladakh region granted Divisional Status',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Jammu and Kashmir Governor Satya Pal Malik granted Divisional Status to Ladakh Region of the state. This was done by Governor by exercising his powers under Section 5 of Land Revenue Act, 1996. With this, Ladakh became third Division in state, other two being Jammu and Kashmir. Until now, Ladakh region was part of Kashmir Division.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Ladakh division</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will comprise Leh and Kargil districts with its headquarters at Leh. It will have full administrative and revenue division at par with Kashmir and Jammu divisions.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will be <strong>biggest division in state</strong> with 86,909 sq. km of area, followed by Jammu division (26,293 sq km) and Kashmir Division (15,948 sq km- making it smallest among three).</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will now get is own Divisional Commissioner and Inspector General of Police (IGP) as state Government also approved creation of posts of Divisional Commissioner (Ladakh), Leh and IGP (Ladakh), Leh. </span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Currently Ladakh region has two Hill Councils for its administration viz. Leh and Kargil. These councils were recently empowered with financial and administrative powers with amendment in Act. </span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Significance of Divisional status</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This decision goes long way in fulfilling the governance and development aspirations of the people of Ladakh region.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will facilitate Ladakh region in great way to progress as offices and opportunities will be distributed to both districts of division</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will bring opportunities of employment of different levels in various departments for the locals<strong>.</strong></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will further empower local administration as routine administrative clearances for Leh and Kargil districts now can be obtained at Divisional headquarters in Leh.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is also considered as step ahead towards dream for Ladakh Region to get Union Territory Status. For almost last three decades, Ladakh region has been demanding for UT status with proper legislation.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Ladakh is one of most sparsely populated regions in J&K. It is the highest plateau in state with most of its geographical area being over 9,800 feet above sea level. </span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is geographically isolated with sparse population and inhospitable terrain which remains landlocked due to snow for nearly six months in a year (during winters).</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is also riddled with insurmountable problems with respect to delivery of developmental schemes, conduct of administrative affairs and governance and redressal of public grievances of people.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">People of Ladakh have for long time been demanding effective local institutional arrangements which can help accelerate pace of development and equitable all-round growth and development as compared to other parts of states.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'EC launches Voter Verification and Information Programme',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Election Commission of India (ECI) launched Voter Verification and Information Programme (VVIP) for the upcoming General (Lok Sabhe) Elections 2019 due in April-May. It will enable citizens to verify their names, new registrations, changes in voter details and corrections in Voter Id Cards.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Voter Verification and Information Programme (VVIP)</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was launched along with<strong> Voter Helpline app</strong>and <strong>PwD App</strong>during 2-day intensive Training-cum-Workshop on use of Information & Communication Technology for conduct of 2019Elections.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The services for this VVIP programme can be availed by voters through various channels including voter helpline mobile application and voter helpline number 1950.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">ECI also has also set up Contact centers in all districts across India, which are equipped with latest information and telecom infrastructure to help callers.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Various mobile apps launched by ECI</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Voter Helpline app</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will provide convenience to all citizens for finding their names in electoral roll, submitting online forms, checking status of application, filing complaints and receiving reply on their mobile app.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It also has all forms, results, candidate affidavits, press notes, voter awareness and important instructions on it.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>PwD App</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It aims to enable Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) to request for new registration, change in address, change in particulars and mark themselves as PwD through use of mobile application.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">PwDs are assigned Booth Level Officerto provide doorstep facility by simply entering their contact details. They can also request for a wheelchair during polling.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>cVIGIL app</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It provides time-stamped, evidence based proof of Model Code of Conduct(MCC)/ Expenditure Violation. It has live photo/video with auto location data.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Using it, any citizen can lodge complaint against violation of MCC. Based on this complaint, flying Squads will investigate matter and returning officer takefinal decision.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has facility to keep cVIGIL complainant updated with status of complainant within specified time-limit.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'Cabinet abolishes Ombudsman for Direct, Indirect taxes for grievance redressal',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved abolition of <em>Institution of Income-Tax Ombudsman and Indirect Tax Ombudsman</em>. It comes in wake of emergence of alternative complaint redressal mechanisms especially online grievance redressal mechanism used by public widely.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Key Facts</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In recent times, these institutions of ombudsman could not prove to be more effective than regular existing parallel channels of grievance redressal.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Tax payers have started preferring alternate methods of grievance redressal like CPGRAMS (Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System), Aaykar Seva Kendras etc.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Institution of Income-Tax Ombudsman was created in 2003 to deal with grievances of public related to settlement of complaints related to income tax. However, it has failed to achieve its objectives. It was also observed new complaints received by this ombudsman have fallen to single digits. Earlier in 2011 vacant offices of Indirect Tax Ombudsman were also closed.</span></span></p>
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'title' => 'Government launches PCS1X Maritime e-commerce Portal',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Union Ministry of Shipping launched PCS1x portal, an upgraded version of e-commerce portal Port Community System (PCS). It was launched at Regional Maritime Safety Conference held in Mumbai, Maharashtra. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Port Community System(PCS)</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is neutral and open electronic platform that enables secure exchange of information between public and private stakeholders to improve the competitive position of seaport communities.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It optimises, manages, and automates port and logistics efficient processes through single submission of data and connecting transport and logistic chains.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It integrates all electronic flow of trade related document/information and functions as centralized hub for ports of India and other stakeholders in maritime sector.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It facilitates transparent and paperless system for electronic submission of trade document which has resulted in faster turnaround time and dwell time.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has played important role in digitization in EXIM trade and enhancing ‘Ease of Doing Business’ in maritime sector.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">PCS1x </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been developed by Indian Ports Association (IPA), based on feedback from stakeholders using PCS.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is new generation system with user-friendly interface that brings together various stakeholders of maritime sector.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It facilitates Government-to-Business (G2B), Business-to-Government (B2G) and Business-to-Business (B2B) transactions within required legal framework. It ensures extreme levels of cyber security.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It allows improvement in payment cycle, transparency of transaction cycles, detailed tracking of vessels and berthing schedules.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can be integrated with gate system with RIFD, can produce e-copy of reports and notices and can be used for cargo/truck trailer tracking. It also allows better stakeholder coordination.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'PCI issues guidelines to media on conduct during election',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Press Council of India (PCI) has issued guidelines to the media to give objective reports about general election and cautioned it against the phenomenon of paid news. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">PCI Guidelines </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Electoral Conduct:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Newspapers are not expected to indulge in unhealthy election campaigns, exaggerated reports about any candidate or party during the elections.</span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be duty of press to give objective reports about election and the candidates</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Hate News:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Press should eschew reports which tend to promote feelings of enmity or hatred between people on the grounds of race, religion caste, community, language or region,</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Character Assassination News:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> The press should refrain from publishing false or critical statements in regard to personal character and conduct of any candidate to prejudice the prospects of that candidate in the elections.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Paid News:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Press should not publish unverified allegations against any candidate or party. Media should guard against paid news which it defined as “any news or analysis appearing in any media (print & electronic) for price in cash or kind as consideration,</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Poll Surveys:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Whenever newspapers publish pre-poll surveys, they should preface them conspicuously by indicating institutions which have carried on such surveys, individuals and organisations which have commissioned them, size and nature of sample selected and method of selection of the sample for findings.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">For Authorities: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The rules and orders regulating entry of media persons to places of election should be notified and cut-off date for applying for passes should be given due and advance publicity.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">They cannot prohibit use of vehicles by media persons for movement during elections although its use for voters by candidates and their agents is prohibited because journalist have to move from booth to booth and collect information from all centres whether on polling day or at time of counting.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Press Council of India (PCI) </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is a statutory body with mandate to act as watchdog to oversee conduct of print media in the country. It derives its mandate and powers from Press Council Act, 1978. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Composition:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It consist of Chairman (who has by convention, been a retired judge of Supreme Court) and 28 other members off whom 20 represent press, five are nominated from two Houses of Parliament and three represent cultural, literary and legal fields. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Functions:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It is statutory, quasi-judicial body acting as watchdog of press. It adjudicates complaints against press (print media) for violation of ethics and for violation of freedom of press respectively.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'ICSSR: Vice President inaugurates Golden Jubilee Celebrations',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Vice President of India Venkaiah Naidu inaugurated Golden Jubilee Celebrations (50 years celebrations) of Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) in New Delhi. ICSSR is the national body overseeing research in the social sciences in India.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was established in 1969 by Central Government to promote research in social sciences in the country. It established on the recommendation of erstwhile Planning Commission. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It functions as an autonomous organisation funded by Ministry Of Human Resource Development (MHRD). It is headquartered in New Delhi. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Functions:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It provide grants for projects, fellowships, international collaboration, capacity building, survey, publications etc. to promote research in social sciences in India. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Objectives:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> (i) Review progress of social science research and give advice to its users (ii)</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Sponsor social science research programmes and projects and administer grants to institutions and individuals for research in social sciences (iii) Institute and administer scholarships and fellowships for research in social sciences. (iv) Identify areas in which social science research needs to be promoted and adopt special measures for development of research in neglected or new areas (v) Arrange technical training in research methodology and to provide guidance for research etc.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In recently concluded 17th Lok Sabha elections, total 78 women Members of Parliament (MPs) were elected. It is highest number of women representatives ever elected to lower house of Parliament since independence. They will account for 14.39</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of the entire strength of lower house, which was at 12.5</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> with a total 65 women MPs in the previous Lok Sabha.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Key Facts</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Party-wise breakup:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> With 40 women MPs, Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) has sent largest number of elected women representatives to Lok Sabha, followed by Trinamool Congress (9), Congress (6), Biju Janta Dal (5) and Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Congress Party (4). </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Regional vs. National Parties:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The regional parties boast of higher ratio of women MPs as compared to national parties. Women MPs account for 41.6</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> of BJD’s total strength in Lok Sabha and 40.9</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> of TMC’s strength in the House. Both of these regional parties had pledged to give tickets to 40</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">% and 30</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> of party candidates to women before the elections started.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Winnability Factor: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In 17th Lok Sabha elections, women candidates displayed higher winnability factor or strike rate. This higher success rate or winnability factor shown by women candidates is consistent with the past record. 78 elected women MPs have emerged winners out of total 716 women candidates who had fought during the 2019 Lok Sabha elections. It shows that success rate of women candidates was of 10.89</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%,</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> much higher than success rate shown by male candidates of 6.41</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%.</span></span></span></span></p>
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(int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
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'title' => 'First UIDAI-run Aadhaar Seva Kendra becomes operational',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) has operationalised its first<strong> Aadhaar Seva Kendras (ASK) </strong>in Delhi and Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh). UIDAI has set ambitious plan of setting up 114 'Aadhaar Seva Kendras' across the country by the end of 2019.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Aadhaar Seva Kendras (ASK)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">These centres will beowned and operated by UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India), the governmental body that issues Aadhaar.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will facilitate enrolment, updation and other activities related to 12-digit unique identification number or Aadhar in addition to the existing centres that assist with the same services. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will be similar to concept of Passport Seva Kendras (PSKs) and will cover 53 cities at an estimated projected cost of Rs 300-400 crore.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">This centre is intended to handle large number of Aadhaar related requests on a daily basis like updation and enrolment.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will also allow people to book slots online as per their convenience through the appointment management system.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI):</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is nodal statutory organization behind Aadhaar, a 12 digit unique number. It was made statutory body by Parliament through adhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Aadhaar:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is 10 digit number is linked with individual’s demographic and biometric information, which serves as an authentication tool throughout India. Using it, Central and State Governments are trying to link many of their major development and subsidy schemes to reduce leakages and duplication.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'Government launches digital initiatives for Haj Pilgrims',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Haj mission in Saudi Arabia has adopted digital technology to reach out to large number of pilgrims as part of Union Government’s Digital India initiative. This move is aimed at forming bridge with the pilgrims to facilitate smooth and hassle-free Haj operation and also receive grievances and feedbacks to improve the service. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Digital Initiatives are</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Haj Information System App: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has been developed by consulate to receive feedback, a grievance from Hajis. Currently, it receives feedback in English, Hindi and Urdu. Other regional languages will be incorporated later. The app also connects with pilgrims to Haj service coordinators known as Qadimul Hajjaj of their respective states. Qadimul Hajjaj are government employees who are deputed to assist pilgrims during Haj season.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">e-MASIHA:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It helps to store health status and medical history of visiting pilgrims. e-MASIHA stands for Medical Assistance System for Indian Hajis Abroad. It will help to retrieve pilgrims’ health information to apply appropriate treatment whenever he or she visits Indian medical facilities during Haj.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Railway Protection Force (RPF) launched all India drive called “Operation Thirst” to crack down selling of unauthorised Packaged Drinking Water (PDW) in Railway premises. It was launched on 08th & 09th July 2019 on the direction of DG/RPF, Railway Board, New Delhi.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Operation Thirst</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Objective of this all India drive was to curb the menace of unauthorized Packaged Drinking Water (PDW) in Railway premises, </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">During this drive, all Zonal Principal Chief Security Commissioners (PCSCs) were asked to crackdown these unauthorised activities. It covered almost all major stations over Indian Railway.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Impact:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Around 1371 persons were arrested and over 69,294 bottles were seized by RPF during this drive for selling of packaged drinking water of unauthorised brands under different sections i.e. 144 & 153 of Railways Act. Total fine amount of Rs. 6,80,855/- have been realized from these offenders. The special drive will be followed by continuous action by concerned PCSCs on this issue.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'metatitle' => 'RPF launches Operation Thirst',
'metakeyword' => 'Railway Protection Force (RPF) launched all India drive called “Operation Thirst†to crack down selling of unauthorised Packaged Drinking Water (PDW)',
'metadescription' => 'Railway Protection Force (RPF) launched all India drive called “Operation Thirst†to crack down selling of unauthorised Packaged Drinking Water (PDW)',
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(int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1',
'id' => (int) 1687,
'title' => 'Kerala Govt forms Non-Resident Keralites Investment company',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Kerala Government has decided to form Non-Resident Keralites (NRK) Investment and Holding Company Ltd with main aim of utilising NRI investments for implementing various projects. The decision in this regard was taken at state cabinet meeting chaired by Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan. Cabinet also decided to appoint NORKA (Non-Resident Keralites Affairs) Chief Executive officer (CEO) as special officer of the company. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">NRK Investment and Holding Company Ltd</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Objective:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> To channelise investments from overseas Keralites for major infrastructure development in the state.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Equity Holding:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> 74</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> of its stake (share capital) will be held by NRKs and remaining 26</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> will be held by state government.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Projects to be undertaken:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> This company will undertake projects for developing NRK townships and infrastructure development.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Subsidiaries:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The company is empowered to set up special purpose vehicle (SPV) or subsidiary company for the purpose. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Decision for formation of this company was taken based on Loka Kerala Sabha’s (State Assembly) standing committee to capitalise on huge investments from overseas Keralites for various development initiatives across the state.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India is world’s top destination for inward remittances. Within India, Kerala is top destination for remittances, accounting for over 19</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of inward remittances into the country. </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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(int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1',
'id' => (int) 1755,
'title' => 'Record 60.14% turnout of service voters through ETPBS: ECI',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Election Commission of India (ECI) has notified that record 60.14% turnout of service voters was recorded through Electronically Transmitted Postal Ballot System (ETPBS) in 2019 Lok Sabha elections which was world’s largest democratic election process. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In the seven phases spanning 2019 Lok Sabha elections, a total of 18,02,646 postal ballots were dispatched electronically using flagship IT programme – ETPBS of ECI. In return 10,84,266 e-postal ballots were received indicating 60.14% turnout. This election had seen record highest enrollment of 18,02,646 service voters (electors). Voter turnout of service voters in 2014 was only 4%.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Dedicated Portal</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">ECI for first time had enabled dedicated portal https://www.servicevoter.eci.nic.in for online registration of service voters. This portal had enabled sending postal ballots electronically one way to service voters to save processing time, resources and avoid human errors.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Electronically Transmitted Postal Ballot System (ETPBS)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is flagship IT program of Election Commission of India (ECI) to achieve one of its mandate of “no voter to be left behind”. It was launched by ECI with the help of C-DAC.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Through this system, service voters cast their vote on an electronically received postal ballot, from anywhere outside their constituency, thus reducing chances of losing the voting opportunity. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">How it works?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The postal ballots are delivered to service voters in electronic data format to voters on a real time basis. These voters can download postal ballot and votes casted by will be received by the returning officer through post</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Security Features: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">ETPBS is fully secured system, having two security layers, with use of a one-time password (OTP), PIN and unique QR code on the portal.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Who are service voters? </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Persons working in Central Forces under Arms Act and Government officials deployed in Embassies outside the country are classified as Service Voters and are provisioned for online enrolment. Of the total registered service electors in 2019 Lok Sabha election, 10,16,245 were from the Ministry of Defence, 7,82,595 from Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF), 3,539 of Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) and 267 of State Police.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'metatitle' => 'Record 60.14% turnout of service voters through',
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(int) 14 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1',
'id' => (int) 2891,
'title' => 'House rules on unruly MPs',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The suspension of two Congress members by Lok Sabha Speaker after unruly scenes in the House has brought back focus on the conduct of MPs, and related issues.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Lok Sabha’s Rules Committee had recommended automatic suspension of members who entered the well of the House or wilfully obstructed business by shouting slogans despite being repeatedly warned by the Chair.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Rule 378 of the Rules for the Conduct of Business states: “The Speaker shall preserve order and shall have all powers necessary for the purpose of enforcing own decisions.”</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Rule 373 says: “The Speaker, if is of the opinion that the conduct of any member is grossly disorderly, may direct such member to withdraw immediately from the House, and any member so ordered to withdraw shall do so forthwith and shall remain absent during the remainder of the day’s sitting.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">”Rule 374 says:</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Speaker may, if deems it necessary, name a member who disregards the authority of the Chair or abuses the rules of the House by persistently and wilfully obstructing the business thereof.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">If a member is so named by the Speaker, the Speaker shall, on a motion being made forthwith put the question that the member (naming such member) be suspended from the service of the House for a period not exceeding the remainder of the session: Provided that the House may, at any time, on a motion being made, resolve that such suspension be terminated.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A member suspended under this rule shall forthwith withdraw from the precincts of the House.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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(int) 15 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1',
'id' => (int) 2925,
'title' => 'Parliamentary motions',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Congress and other parties of the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) are set to move a censure motion in the Lok Sabha against MP Pragya Thakur for her remarks on Mahatma Gandhi's assassin Nathuram Godse.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Parliamentary Motions</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In parliamentary procedure, a motion is a formal proposal by a member of a deliberative assembly that the assembly take certain action. Generally, a motion should be phrased in a way to take an action or express an opinion.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Different types of Parliamentary motions</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Privilege Motion</strong></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A privileged motion is a motion that is granted precedence over ordinary business because it concerns matters of great importance or urgency. Such motions are not debatable, although in case of questions of privilege, the chair may feel the need to obtain relevant facts from members.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Censure Motion</strong></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A censure means an expression of strong disapproval or harsh criticism. It can be a stern rebuke by a legislature, generally opposition against the policies of Government or an individual minister. However, it can also be passed to criticise, condemn some act. A censure motion can be moved in lower house of the parliament or in a state assembly in India.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is moved by opposition against a specific policy of government or against a minister or against the whole council of ministers.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Calling-Attention Motion</strong></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Calling attention is a type of motion introduced by a member to call the attention of a minister to a matter of urgent public importance. The minister is expected to make authoritative statement from him on that matter. It can be introduced in any house of the parliament.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Adjournment Motion</strong></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The primary object of an adjournment motion is to draw the attention of Lok Sabha to a recent matter of urgent public importance having serious consequences and in regard to which a motion or a resolution with proper notice will be too late.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Adjournment motion is allowed only in Lok Sabha (or in state legislative assembly) and not in Rajya Sabha (or in Legislative Council).</span></span></p>
</li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Conditions</strong></span></span>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Such a motion needs support of at least 50 members. It should be introduced on a matter of definite and urgent public importance. However, it should not cover more than one matter and be restricted to that matter only.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A question of privilege or any other questions which can be raised via other distinct motion cannot be raised in adjournment motion.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Cut Motions</strong></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">After the budget is presented in Parliament and discussions over it are completed, the members get an opportunity to move cut motions to reduce the amount of budgetary grants. The members from particular parties or coalitions may bring their own cut motions.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:40px"> </p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Policy Cut</strong></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This type of cut motion aims that the amount of the demand be reduced to Re. 1. It represents the complete disapproval of policy underlying the demand.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Token Cut</strong></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This Cut Motion aims that the amount of the Demand be reduced by Rs. 100” in order to ventilate a specific grievance, which is within the sphere of responsibility of the government of India.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Economy cut</strong></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This type of cut motion aims that the amount of demand be reduced to certain other amount and it represents that the demand for grants should be altered.</span></span></li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>No Confidence Motion</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-left:40px">
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The constitutional provision behind this motion is Article 75, which says that “Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the LokSabha”. Thus, a council of ministers stays in office as long as it enjoys the confidence of majority of the members of Lok Sabha.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The motion has to be passed by simple majority. If passed, the Union Council of Ministers has to resign and government at centre falls.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">No-confidence motion can be moved only in Lok Sabha (or state assembly as the case may be). It is not allowed in Rajya Sabha (or state legislative council).</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is moved against the entire Council of Ministers and not individual ministers or private members.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It needs support of at least 50 members when introduced in Lok Sabha.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Motion of Thanks</strong></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Motion of thanks is moved and voted in both houses parliament after the inaugural speech of the president at the beginning of first session of new Lok Sabha or the first session of a new year. This motion must be passed in both of the houses. A failure to get motion of thanks passed (which may happen rarely) amounts to defeat of government and leads to collapse of government.</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Closure Motion</strong></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Closure is one of the means by which a debate may be brought to an end by a majority decision of the House, even though all Members wishing to speak have not done so.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>No-Day-Yet-Named Motion</strong></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Any other parliamentary motion which has not yet been named.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'metadescription' => 'The Congress and other parties of the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) are set to move a censure motion in the Lok Sabha against MP Pragya Thakur',
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(int) 16 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1',
'id' => (int) 3026,
'title' => 'Overseas Citizen of India',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Overseas Citizen of India card holders are facing major problems while travelling to the country because adequate awareness has not been created about recent enforcement of a rule on renewal.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">OCI, a major facility for members of the Indian diaspora, brings them at par with non-Resident Indians in financial, economic and educational fields except in the acquisition of agricultural or plantation properties.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">OCI card holders are eligible for free multiple entry, multi-purpose life-long visa to visit India. OCI card holders are also exempted from reporting to police authorities for any length of stay in India.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Overseas Citizen of India</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) is an immigration status permitting a foreign citizen of Indian origin to live and work in the Republic of India indefinitely. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The OCI was introduced in response to demands for dual citizenship by the Indian diaspora, particularly in developed countries. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was introduced by The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2005 in August 2005.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">To apply for and use an OCI document, a holder must be a citizen of and hold a passport of another country, except that of Pakistan and Bangladesh.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Government of India, on application, may register any person as an Overseas Citizen of India, if the person:</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">was a citizen of India on 26 January 1950 or at any time thereafter; or</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">belonged to a territory that became part of India after 15 August 1947; or</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">was eligible to become a citizen of India on 26 January 1950; or</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">is a child or a grandchild or a great-grandchild of such a citizen; or</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">is a minor child of such persons mentioned above; or</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">is a minor child and whose both parents are citizens of India or one of the parents is a citizen of India; or</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">is a spouse of foreign origin of a citizen of India or spouse of foreign origin of an Overseas Citizen of India Cardholder registered under section 7A of the Citizenship Act, 1955 and whose marriage has been registered and subsisted for a continuous period of not less than two years immediately preceding the presentation of the application.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Overseas citizens of India are not citizens of India from a constitutional point of view and will not enjoy the following rights even if resident in India:</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">they do not have the right to vote,</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">they do not have the right to hold the offices of Prime Minister, President, Vice-President, Judge of Supreme Court and High Court, member of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>, Legislative Assembly, or Council.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">they do not have the right to any public services (government jobs).</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">they do not have the right to hold farmland (agricultural property).</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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(int) 17 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1',
'id' => (int) 3077,
'title' => 'Assam accord',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The debate on the Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB) passed<strong> </strong>by<strong> </strong>Parliament has repeatedly flagged the alleged violation of the Assam Accord by the new law.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Assam Accord was a Memorandum of Settlement signed by the Governments of India and Assam, and the All Assam Students’ Union (AASU) and the All Assam Gana Sangram Parishad (AAGSP) in New Delhi on August 15, 1985.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">At the heart of the Accord was the “Foreigners Issue” and “Safeguards and Economic Development”. There were some “Other Issues” and a section on “Restoration of Normalcy”.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Home Ministry was the nodal Ministry for the implementation of the Accord. In 1986, a new Department was set up in the Government of Assam, called “Implementation of Assam Accord Department”, to implement the various clauses of the Memorandum of Settlement.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was agreed that “for purposes of detection and deletion of foreigners, 1.1.1966 shall be the base data and year”, and that “all persons who came to Assam prior to 1.1.1966, including those amongst them whose names appeared on the electoral rolls used in 1967 elections shall be regularised”.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Foreigners who “came to Assam after 1.1.1966 (inclusive) and upto 24th March, 1971 shall be detected in accordance with the provisions of The Foreigners Act, 1946, and The Foreigners (Tribunals) Order, 1964”, and their names “will be deleted from the electoral rolls in force”.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While, “On the expiry of a period of ten years following the date of detection, the names of all such persons which have been deleted from the electoral rolls shall be restored”, “all persons who were expelled earlier, but have since reentered illegally into Assam shall be expelled”.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Clause 6</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It reads,“Constitutional, legislative and administrative safeguards, as may be appropriate shall be provided to protect, preserve and promote the culture, social, linguistic identity and heritage of the Assamese people.”</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Importance</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Assam Accord brought closure to a phase of great violence and anxiety in the modern history of Assam. The agitation was led by the youth, who saw a direct threat to their future from the illegal influx of foreigners into the state.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government of Assam describes the Assam movement as “historic”, and “one of the famous movements in post-colonial India mainly led by students of Assam”.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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(int) 18 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1',
'id' => (int) 3135,
'title' => 'Section 144 CrPC',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">As the protests on CAA has intensified, state governments have sought to control the demonstrations by issuing prohibitory orders under Section 144 of the Code Of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">According to 141-149 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), the maximum punishment for engaging in rioting is rigorous imprisonment for 3 years and/or fine. Every member of an unlawful assembly can be held responsible for a crime committed by the group.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Section 144 CrPC, a law retained from the colonial era, empowers a district magistrate, a sub-divisional magistrate or any other executive magistrate specially empowered by the state government in this behalf to issue orders to prevent and address urgent cases of apprehended danger or nuisance.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The magistrate has to pass a written order which may be directed against a particular individual, or to persons residing in a particular place or area, or to the public generally when frequenting or visiting a particular place or area.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This usually includes restrictions on movement, carrying arms and from assembling unlawfully. It is generally believed that assembly of three or more people is prohibited under Section 144.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">No order passed under Section 144 can remain in force for more than two months from the date of the order, unless the state government considers it necessary. Even then, the total period cannot extend to more than six months.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Criticism of section 144</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The criticism is that it is too broad and the words of the section are wide enough to give absolute power to a magistrate that may be exercised unjustifiably.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> Imposition of Section 144 to an entire state has also drawn criticism since the security situation differs from area to area.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Way forward</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Occasions may arise when it is not possible to distinguish between those whose conduct must be controlled and those whose conduct is clear, hence its application becomes necessary.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A general order may be necessary when the number of persons is so large that the distinction between them and the general public cannot be made.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The efficacy of the provision is to prevent some harmful occurrence immediately. Therefore, the emergency must be sudden and the consequences sufficiently grave for implementing this provision.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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(int) 19 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1',
'id' => (int) 3177,
'title' => 'National Population Register',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Union Cabinet has approved a proposal to conduct Census 2021 and update the National Population Register (NPR).</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While the Census will be conducted in 2021, the NPR update will take place from April to September 2020 in all the States/UTs except Assam. It will be conducted under Home Ministry.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The NPR is a register of usual residents of the country. It is mandatory for every usual resident of India to register in the NPR. It includes both Indian citizens as well as a foreign citizen. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The objective of the NPR is to create a comprehensive identity database of every usual resident in the country.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is being prepared at the local (Village/sub-Town), sub-District, District, State and National level under provisions of the Citizenship Act 1955 and the Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and issue of National Identity Cards) Rules, 2003.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong> Usual resident</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">According to the Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and issue of National Identity Cards) Rules, 2003, a usual resident is a person who has resided in a local area for the past 6 months or more or a person who intends to reside in that area for the next 6 months or more.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details for NPR</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The demographic details of every individual are required for every usual resident on 21 points which includes ‘date and place of birth of parents’, last place of residence, Permanent Account Number (PAN), Aadhar ( on a voluntary basis), Voter ID card number, Driving License Number and Mobile Number.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the last NPR done in 2010, the data was collected on the 15 points and it did not include ‘date and place of birth of parents’ and last place of residence.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Difference between NPR and NRC</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The NPR is different from the National Register of Citizens which excludes the foreign citizens.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A Population Register is ‘the register containing details of persons usually residing in a village or rural area or town or ward or demarcated area (demarcated by the Registrar General of Citizen Registration) within a ward in a town or urban area. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Whereas, the ‘National Register of Indian Citizens’ is a register containing details of Indian Citizens living in India and outside India.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">National Register of Indian Citizens’ shall contain the particulars of every citizen i.e. Name; Father’s name; Mother’s name; Sex; Date of birth; Place of birth; Residential address (present and permanent); Marital status if ever married, name of the spouse; Visible identification mark; Date of registration of Citizen; Serial number of registration; and National Identity Number.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The National Register of Citizens (NRC) is a register of all Indian citizens whose creation is mandated by The Citizenship Act 1955 as amended in 2003.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'Detention centres',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">After the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 was passed on December 11, there are fears that those excluded from NPR-NRC will be sent to detention centres.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Centre has the power to deport foreign nationals staying illegally in the country under Section 3(2)(c) of The Foreigners Act, 1946. State governments have also been entrusted under Article 258(1) of the Constitution<strong> </strong>to take similar steps. </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In 1998, the MHA under had written a letter to all States and Union Territories asking them to restrict the movement of convicted foreign nationals who had completed their jail sentence. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The letter said that they be confined to one of the detention centres/camps, pending confirmation of their nationality from the country concerned and to ensure their physical availability at all times for expeditious repatriation/deportation as soon as the travel documents are ready. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The centres are also used to hold foreigners who have been caught overstaying their visa term.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">States were asked by the MHA to set up sufficient number of detention centres where the suspected illegal immigrants would be detained pending their deportation.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Detention centres</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Detention centres are residential bildings meant to hold foreigners either staying illegally in the country or who have completed sentence and waiting for deportation.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issues</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Cleanliness and hygiene</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Most of the existing detention centres are ill managed leading to worse living conditions. This has made them susceptible for spread of diseases.</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Family seperation</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">All memebers of a family are not kept at a single centre leading to seperation of children from their parents.</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Slow resolution of the case</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The case of individuals kept in detention centres linger on for many years leading to accumulation of detenees.</span></span></p>
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'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
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'id' => (int) 3240,
'title' => 'Karnataka-Maharashtra Belgaum issue',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The bus services between Kolhapur and Belgaum were suspended<strong> </strong>after the decades-old border dispute between Maharashtra and Karnataka flared up again.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dispute between Maharashtra and Karnataka over Belgaum and other border areas is a longstanding issue between the two states, and has been pending before the Supreme Court for many years.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The erstwhile Bombay Presidency, a multilingual province, included the present-day Karnataka districts of Bijapur, Belgaum, Dharwar and Uttara-Kannada (previously North Kanara).</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The States Reorganisation Act of 1956, which divided states on linguistic and administrative lines, made Belgaum a part of the then Mysore State (which was renamed Karnataka in 1973).</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Maharashtra government contested the inclusion and lodged a protest with the Centre in September 1957. This led to the formation of the Mahajan Commission under former Chief Justice Mehr Chand Mahajan in October 1966.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Commission, which submitted its report in August 1967, recommended that 264 villages be transferred to Maharashtra and that Belgaum and 247 villages remain with Karnataka. Maharashtra rejected the report and demanded another review.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Maharashtra continues to claim over 865 villages along the border, as well as Belgaum city, which are currently part of Karnataka. Successive governments in Maharashtra have demanded their inclusion within the state. Karnataka has contested these claims.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'Popular Front of India: The organisation facing chances of ban',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government in Uttar Pradesh has sent a report to the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) recommending a ban on the Popular Front of India (PFI).</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government has accused the organisation and its political front, the Social Democratic Party of India (SDPI) of “masterminding and instigating violence” during the recent protests against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA) and the proposed National Register of Citizens (NRC).</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Government members said PFI was the “incarnation” of the Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI) and the PFI’s role has been established in vandalism in the state.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The organisation has been accused earlier of multiple violent and extremist incidents. Police in Kerala and Karnataka have found evidence of the use of lethal weapons in PFI centres.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>PFI</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The PFI was set up in 2006 as a federation of the National Development Fund (NDF), which was formed in Kerala in 1993 and subsequently emerged as the Manitha Neethi Pasarai (MNP) in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka Forum for Dignity (KFD) in Karnataka.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It calls itself a “socio-political movement that strives for the empowerment of the Muslims and other marginalised sections of society”.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI)</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">SIMI, which was formed in 1977, is banned under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967. It is accused of standing for the propagation of Islamist jihad and the establishment of Islamic rule in India.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>SDPI</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">SDPI is PFI’s political front, founded, according to the organisation, for the “advancement and uniform development” of all citizens, including Muslims, Dalits, Backward classes and Adivasis. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">SDPI was formed and declared in 2009, and was registered with the Election Commission of India in 2010.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The SDPI wants a complete revamp of the system. The SDPI claims to uphold values including national integration, communal amity, and social harmony.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
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'id' => (int) 3428,
'title' => '‘Lese Majeste’',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Kerala Governor Arif Mohammad Khan invoked his authority to ask the executive to submit why it kept the Raj Bhavan in the dark about the move to appeal against the citizenship law in the Supreme Court.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The governor pointed out in a letter to the Chief Secretary that the Chief Minister was duty-bound under the rules of business of the government to refer specified category of cases that concerned Centre-State relations or involved the Supreme Court to the Governor before the administration acted.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The governor said that the government had crossed a line by not informing the constitutional head of State about its decision to challenge the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, a Central law, in the Supreme Court.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The State Law Minister contended the State was not in conflict with the Centre. Hence, there was no imperative to inform the Governor. The State had merely invoked the provisions of Article 131 of the Constitution to file a civil suit in the Supreme Court against the CAA.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Lese Mejestes</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Lèse-majesté is a French term meaning "to do wrong to majesty" and is an offence against the dignity of a reigning <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">sovereign</a> or against a state.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Lèse-majeste is defined variously as “a crime against the sovereign”, “offense against a ruler’s dignity as head of the state”, and “treason” has largely been relegated to history but for glaring examples such as Thailand, where its use is blamed for stifling dissent and for sending people behind bars for long years.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Under this law, social media use is also monitored, and posting content considered seditious, as well as pressing the “Like” button on <a href="https://indianexpress.com/about/facebook/">Facebook</a> on such content, has led to prison time.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1',
'id' => (int) 3476,
'title' => 'EC tells Supreme Court, criminally tainted candidates must not get tickets',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Supreme Court has agreed to examine a proposition made by the Election<strong> </strong>Commission (EC) to ask political parties to not give ticket to those with criminal antecedents.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Supreme Court’s long string of judgments against criminalisation of politics has hardly scratched the surface of the deep rot.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A previous judgment had urged Parliament to bring a “strong law” to cleanse political parties of leaders facing trial for serious crimes.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The court had suggested that Parliament frame a law that makes it obligatory for political parties to remove leaders charged with “heinous and grievous” crimes like rape, murder and kidnapping, only to a name a few, and refuse ticket to offenders in both parliamentary and Assembly polls.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Grounds for disqualification</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Parliament has the power to make a law in respect to the issue of qualification and disqualification of the membership in case:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">He holds any office of profit under the Government of India or of any state, other than an office declared by a law of Parliament not to disqualify its holder.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> He is of unsound mind and stand so declared by a competent court.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> He is an undischarged insolvent.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> He is not a citizen of India or has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a foreign state, or is under any acknowledgement or allegiance or adherence to a foreign state, and</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is he so disqualified by or under any law of Parliament. It applies to the case of 'defection' as prescribed in tenth schedule.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Any dispute about the disqualification of a Member of Parliament shall be referred to the President, who will take a decision on the advice of the Election Commission and decision shall be final according to the article 103.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> In case of disqualification on grounds of defection, the matter will be decided by speaker or chairman or Rajya Sabha as the case may be.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The representation of people act, 1951 also lays down certain conditions for disqualification of MPs and MLAs.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">They are as follows:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">He must not have been convicted by a court of any offence and sentenced to imprisonment for a period of more than two years.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">He must not have been found guilty by a court or on election tribunal of certain election or corrupt practices in the elections.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">He must not have been dismissed for corruption or disloyalty from government services.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">He must not have failed to lodge on his election expenses within time and in a manner prescribed by law.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">He must not have any interest in government contracts, execution of government work or services.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">He must not be a director or managing agent nor hold an office of profit under any corporation in which the government has any financial interest.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'id' => (int) 3514,
'title' => 'The Bodo accord',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Centre, the Assam government and Bodo groups, including all factions of the militant National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB), have signed an agreement for peace and development. </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In 2003, the second Bodo Accord was signed by the extremist group Bodo Liberation Tiger Force (BLTF), the Centre and the state. This led to the BTC. BTC is an autonomous body under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The most significant point is that Accord marks the end of the armed movement. The coming of all factions of the armed groups together to sign the Accord is a big achievement.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The new Accord provides for alteration of area of BTAD and provisions for Bodos outside BTAD. A commission appointed by the state government will examine and recommend if villages contiguous to BTAD and with a majority tribal population can be included into the BTR while those now in BTAD and with a majority non-tribal population can opt out of the BTR.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government will set up a Bodo-Kachari Welfare Council for focused development of Bodo villages outside BTAD, which opens up a way to potentially address the needs of Bodos outside BTAD.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It provides for more legislative, executive, administrative and financial powers to BTC; and amendments to the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution to “improve the financial resources and administrative powers of Bodoland Territorial Council.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Bodos</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bodo are a Tibeto-Burmese-speaking ethnic group in Assam. They are a part of the greater Bodo-Kachari family of ethnolinguistic groups and are spread across northeastern India and clustered strongly in Assam, along the eastern Duars.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Bodos are the single largest community among the notified Scheduled Tribes in Assam. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bodo people are recognized as a plains tribe in the <strong>Sixth</strong> Schedule of the Indian Constitution.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Traditionally, Bodos practiced <strong>Bathouism</strong>, which is the worshiping of forefathers, known as Obonglaoree. The shijou tree (in the genus Euphorbia) is taken as the symbol of Bathou and worshiped.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In addition to Bathouism, Bodo people also follow Hinduism, especially <strong>Hoom</strong> <strong>Jaygya</strong>. The important Hindu festival is the <strong>Kherai Puja</strong>, where an altar is placed in a rice field.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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(int) 26 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
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'id' => (int) 3579,
'title' => 'Home ministry denies existence of ‘Love Jihad’',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Centre said the term ‘Love Jihad’ is not defined under the law, and no such case has been reported by any of the Central agencies.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was based on a question by Congress MP Benny Behanan on whether Central agencies have reported any case of ‘Love Jihad’ from Kerala during the past two years and if so, the details thereof.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Union Minister of State for Home G. Kishan Reddy said <strong>Article 25</strong> of the Constitution<strong> </strong>provides for the freedom to profess, practice and propagate religion subject to public order, morality and health. Various courts, including the Kerala High Court, have upheld this view.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The statement comes in the wake of protests against the stance of the Syrian-Malabar church on ‘love jihad’ in the second week of January. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Church had then called for inquiries into instances of ‘love jihad’ in which Christian girls fell victims to inter-religious love affairs. In some cases, such girls also joined terrorist organisations such as the Islamic State.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Love Jihad</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Love Jihad or Romeo Jihad is the alleged effort by Muslim men in targeting women belonging to non-Muslim communities for conversion to Islam by using love.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The concept first rose to national attention in India in 2009, with claims of widespread conversions in Kerala and Karnataka, but claims have subsequently spread throughout India and beyond, into Pakistan and the United Kingdom.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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(int) 27 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
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'id' => (int) 3591,
'title' => 'Ayodhya Ram Temple Trust',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Union Cabinet has cleared the formation of a Trust for the construction of Ram temple in Ayodhya. The Trust, which is called the Shri Ram Janmbhoomi Teerth Kshetra, will include 15 members, of which one will be a Dalit.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Supreme Court had allowed the construction of a Ram temple at the site of the demolished Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, and ordered handing over another 5-acre plot to the Uttar Pradesh Sunni Waqf Board for the mosque.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">One of the five suits before the court in the Babri Masjid case was in the name of the deity itself, Sri Ram Lalla Virajman, and of the birthplace, Asthan Shri Ram Janmabhoomi. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This suit was founded on the claim that the law recognises both the idol and the birthplace as juridical entities. The court did not accept the Janmasthan as a juridical entity.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It awarded the title of the land to Ram Lalla, to be held by the Trust that the Court said should be set up within three months. This Trust is the Shri Ram Janmbhoomi Teerth Kshetra.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Court had said that the scheme to be framed by the Centre should make necessary provisions about the functioning of the Trust or the body, including on matters relating to its management, the powers of the trustees including the construction of a temple and all necessary, incidental and supplemental matters.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Trust will get the possession of the inner and outer courtyards along with the rest of the acquired land, which will be managed and developed by the Shri Ram Janmbhoomi Teerth Kshetra.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The court used its powers under Article 142 to direct that appropriate representation may be given in the Trust to the Nirmohi Akhara.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1',
'id' => (int) 3640,
'title' => 'Notifying new Scheduled Tribes',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Lok Sabha<strong> </strong>passed The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2019 by voice vote. The Bill seeks to include the <strong>Parivara</strong> and the <strong>Talawara</strong> communities in the ST category to ensure they get reservation and other benefits provided by the government.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The legislation had been brought in relation to one State and assured the members that the government would take cognizance of their demands.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Article 342</strong>, prescribes procedure to be followed in the matter of specification of scheduled tribes.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>President</strong> may, with respect to any State or Union territory, and where it is a state, after consultation with the Governor there of by public notification, specify the tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within tribes or tribal communities which shall, for the purposes of this constitution, is deemed to be scheduled tribes in relation to that state or Union Territory, as the case may be.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Parliament</strong> may by law include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled tribes specified in a notification issued under clause(1) any tribe or tribal community or part of or group within any tribe or tribal community. These orders can be modified subsequently only through an Act of Parliament.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The list of Scheduled Tribes is State/UT specific and a community declared as a Scheduled Tribe in a State need not be so in another State.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>criteria</strong> presently followed for specification of a community as a Scheduled Tribe are : (i) indications of primitive traits, (ii) distinctive culture, (iii) geographical isolation, (iv) shyness of contact with the community at large, and (v) backwardness. However, these criteria are not spelt out in the Constitution.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Tribal population in India</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The tribal population of the country, as per 2011 census, is 10.43 crore, constituting 8.6% of the total population. 89.97% of them live in rural areas and 10.03% in urban areas. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The decadal population growth of the tribal’s from Census 2001 to 2011 has been 23.66% against the 17.69% of the entire population. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The sex ratio for the overall population is 940 females per 1000 males and that of Scheduled Tribes 990 females per thousand males.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Broadly the STs inhabit two distinct geographical area – the Central India and the North- Eastern Area. More than half of the Scheduled Tribe population is concentrated in Central India, i.e., Madhya Pradesh (14.69%), Chhattisgarh (7.5%), Jharkhand (8.29%), Andhra Pradesh (5.7%), Maharashtra (10.08%), Orissa (9.2%), Gujarat (8.55%) and Rajasthan (8.86%). </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The other distinct area is the North East (Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh).</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">More than two-third of the ST population is concentrated only in the seven States of the country, viz. Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">There is no ST population in 3 States (Delhi NCR, Punjab and Haryana) and 2 UTs (Puducherry and Chandigarh), as no Scheduled Tribe is notified.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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(int) 29 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1',
'id' => (int) 3649,
'title' => 'Union cabinet clears bill to regulate pesticides',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Union Cabinet has approved the Pesticides<strong> </strong>Management Bill, 2020, which, the government claims, will regulate the business of pesticides and compensate farmers in case of losses from the use of spurious agro chemicals.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The ministers said that Pesticides Management Bill will be introduced in this session. Today the pesticide business is regulated by 1968 rules which have become age-old and need immediate rewriting.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The farmers would also be empowered to get all information as the data would be in open source and in all languages. They will know about the strength and weakness of pesticides, the risk and alternatives and this will be an open data in digital format also.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In February 2018, the Centre released a draft of the pesticides Bill that aims to replace the existing Insecticides Act of 1968. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A key proposal in the 2018 version of the Bill was to raise penalties on the sale of prohibited or spurious pesticides to ?50 lakh and up to five years’ imprisonment, from the current ?2,000 and up to three years imprisonment.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">If there is any loss because of the spurious or low quality of pesticides then there is a provision for compensations This is the unique feature of this Bill. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The existing draft provides inadequate representation to States in both pesticide board and the registration committee. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The States should have a say in final decision making on pesticide, as they have the best understanding on the agro-ecological climate, environment and soil conditions.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
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'title' => 'Two child norms debate',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Shiv Sena Rajya Sabha member Anil Desai introduced a Private Member’s Bill in the Rajya Sabha. The Bill proposes incentives in taxation, education and employment for people who limit their family size to two children.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill has sought the incorporation of a new provision, Article 47A in Part IV of the Constitution, to withdraw all concessions from people who fail to adhere to the “small-family” norm.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill aims to amend the Constitution in order to incentivise limiting families to two children by offering tax concessions, priority in social benefit schemes and school admissions, among other things.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill proposes the insertion of Article 47A after Article 47 of the Constitution.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Article 47A</strong> says the following: The State shall promote small family norms by offering incentives in taxes, employment, education etc. to its people who keep their family limited to two children and shall withdraw every concession from and deprive such incentives to those not adhering to small family norm, to keep the growing population under control.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Need for two child norms</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">India’s population rate has overrun the ability of the environment to cater to. This has caused stress on the limited resources of the country.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The higher population has not resulted in higher productivity rate in terms of creation of wealth instead the per capita wealth has depriciated.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Women are forced to undergo multiple pregnancies over a short period of time. This has created adverse effect on their health leading to their death in some cases.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Drawbacks of two child norms</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will increase the cases of mass sterilization especially by poor women belonging to backward area. This may result in deaths of women due to improper procedures.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The replacement rate of the old population will decrease significantly due to which the number of working age population will reduce drastically.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1',
'id' => (int) 3798,
'title' => 'Zonal Councils',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Union Home Minister Amit Shah will chair the 24th meeting of the Eastern Zonal Council, comprising States of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal, scheduled to be held in Bhubaneswar.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Issues such as inter-State water dispute, power transmission, coal royalty, forest clearance for railway and other infrastructure projects and extension of banking and telecom services in rural pockets will figure in the discussion.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Zonal Councils are advisory councils and are made up of the states of India that have been grouped into five zones to foster cooperation among them. These were set up vide <strong>Part-III</strong> of the <strong>States Reorganisation Act, 1956.</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The North Eastern states are not covered by any of the Zonal Councils and their special problems are addressed by another statutory body, the North Eastern Council, created by the <strong>North Eastern Council Act, 1971</strong>.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Various Zonal councils</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Northern Zonal Council, comprising the States of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, National Capital Territory of Delhi and Union Territory of Chandigarh;</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Central Zonal Council, comprising the States of Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh;</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Eastern Zonal Council, comprising the States of Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Sikkim and West Bengal;</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Western Zonal Council, comprising the States of Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra and the Union Territories of Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli;</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Southern Zonal Council, comprising the States of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Puducherry.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Structure</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Chairman</strong> - The Union Home Minister is the Chairman of each of these Councils.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Vice</strong> <strong>Chairman</strong> - The Chief Ministers of the States included in each zone act as Vice-Chairman of the Zonal Council for that zone by rotation, each holding office for a period of one year at a time.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Members</strong>- Chief Minister and two other Ministers as nominated by the Governor from each of the States and two members from Union Territories included in the zone.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Advisers</strong>- One person nominated by the Planning Commission for each of the Zonal Councils, Chief Secretaries and another officer/Development Commissioner nominated by each of the States included in the Zone</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Union Ministers</strong> are also invited to participate in the meetings of Zonal Councils depending upon necessity.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Objectives and functions</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The main <strong>objectives</strong> of setting up of Zonal Councils are as under:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Bringing out national integration;</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Arresting the growth of acute State consciousness, regionalism, linguism and particularistic tendencies;</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Enabling the Centre and the States to co-operate and exchange ideas and experiences;</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Establishing a climate of co-operation amongst the States for successful and speedy execution of development projects.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In particular, a Zonal Council may discuss, and make recommendations with regard to:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">any matter of common interest in the field of economic and social planning;</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">any matter concerning border disputes, linguistic minorities or inter-State transport;</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">any matter connected with or arising out of, the re-organization of the States under the States Reorganisation Act.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'Notified disaster',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Ministry of Home Affairs has decided to <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/coronavirus-saarc-countries-video-conference-narendra-modi-pakistan-6314802/">treat COVID-19 as a notified disaster</a> for the purpose of providing assistance under the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF).</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In a similar move, US President Donald Trump declared a national emergency in the country on Friday invoking the Stafford Act, as per which, the federal government contributes about 75 percent to the cost of relief for states.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">According to the Disaster Management Act, a disaster is defined as the following, “a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man made causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area”.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Further, citing the High Power Committee on Disaster Management, which was constituted in 1999, it identified 31 disaster categories organised into five major sub-groups, which are: water and climate related disasters, geological related disasters, chemical, industrial and nuclear related disasters and biological related disasters, which includes biological disasters and epidemics.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The SDRF is constituted under the Disaster Management Act, 2005 and is the primary fund available with state governments for responses to notified disasters. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Central government contributes 75 per cent towards the SDRF allocation for general category states and UTs, and over 90 per cent for special category states/UTs, which includes northeastern states, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand).</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The National Disaster Response Fund, which is also constituted under the Disaster Management Act, 2005 supplements the SDRF of a state, in case of a disaster of severe nature, provided adequate funds are not available in the SDRF.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The disasters covered under the SDRF include cyclones, droughts, tsunamis, hailstorms, landslides, avalanches and pest attacks among others.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>National Calamity</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">As of now, there is no executive or legal provision to declare a national calamity. In 2001, the National Committee on Disaster Management under then Prime Minister was mandated to look into the parameters that should define a national calamity. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">However, the committee did not suggest any fixed criterion. In the past, there have been demands from states to declare certain events as natural disasters, such as the Uttarakhand flood in 2013, Cyclone Hudhud in Andhra Pradesh in 2014, and the Assam floods of 2015.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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(int) 33 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1',
'id' => (int) 3979,
'title' => 'Uncertainity over NPR',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">At least 13 States, and Delhi, covering almost 60% of the total population of India, are opposed to the revision of the National Population Register (NPR) in the format being prepared by the Centre, even as the nationwide exercise is scheduled to kick off in barely two weeks time on April 1.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Home minister has told that people could choose to not respond to questions, but Chief Ministers and activists have said that this is no guarantee that they would not face any problems in the future.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) had informed the Lok Sabha that it was in discussion with States that had expressed concerns over the controversial additional questions in the NPR form. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The MHA had informed a parliamentary panel that during works towards updating the NPR 2020, it is proposed to collect data on some additional items like place of last residence, mother tongue, Aadhaar number (voluntary), mobile number, passport (Indian passport holder), voter ID card, driving license number, date and place of birth of father and mother.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Activists have pointed out that as the law stands, not providing information for the NPR can be an offence and the NPR could be used for identifying genuine citizens and doubtful ones.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">West Bengal was the first State to announce that it would not canvass the NPR form during the census operations, followed by Kerala. Both States have put the NPR exercise on on hold.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </span></span></p>
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'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1',
'id' => (int) 4165,
'title' => 'MPLADS funds',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> The Union Cabinet has given its nod to the temporary suspension of MPLAD Funds during 2020-21 and 2021-22 in view of the adverse impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 in India.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Cabinet has approved an ordinance to reduce the salaries, allowances and pensions of Members of Parliament (MPs), including the Prime Minister, by 30 per cent for one year and the amount would be utilised in the fight against coronavirus.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) is a programme first launched during the Narasimha Rao Government in 1993, aimed towards providing funds for developmental works recommended by individual MPs.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The MPs were entitled to recommend works to the tune of Rs 1 crore annually between 1994-95 and 1997-98, after which the annual entitlement was enhanced to Rs 2 crore.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The objective of the scheme is to enable MPs to recommend works of developmental nature with emphasis on the creation of durable community assets based on the locally felt needs to be taken up in their Constituencies. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Right from inception of the Scheme, durable assets of national priorities viz. drinking water, primary education, public health, sanitation and roads, etc. are being created.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The guidelines recommend MPs to suggest works costing at least 15 per cent of their MPLADS entitlement for the year for areas inhabited by Scheduled Caste population and 7.5 per cent for areas inhabited by ST population.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">To implement their plans in an area, MPs have to recommend them to the District Authority of the respective Nodal District. The District Authorities then identify Implementing Agencies which execute the projects.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The guidelines lay down a number of development works, including construction of railway halt stations, providing financial assistance to recognised educational bodies, cooperative societies, bar associations, installing CCTV cameras, and rainwater harvesting systems.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The MPLADS funds can be merged with other schemes such as MGNREGA and Khelo India. MPLADS was held constitutionally valid by the Supreme Court in its May 6, 2010 judgement.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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<li>
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<li>
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Biodiversity Current affairs, Get the latest Biodiversity information with us where you get all the latest information about Biodiversity', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'cacategories' } ] $breadcrumb = [ (int) 0 => [ 'name' => 'Home', 'link' => 'https://currentaffairs.studyiq.com/' ], (int) 1 => [ 'name' => 'Miscellaneous', 'link' => 'https://currentaffairs.studyiq.com/tags/miscellaneous-1' ] ] $currentaffairs = [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 62, 'title' => 'ECI to provide braille voter slips to blind voters in Lok Sabha elections', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Election Commission of India (ECI) has announced to provide visually impaired and blind voters with braille voter slip in coming Lok Sabha elections this year. This initiative has been launched as part of ECI’s strategic framework for 'accessible elections'.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Braille voter slips</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Chief electoral officers (CEOs) will issue these accessible photo voter slips with braille to voters who are visually impaired or blind.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The braille enabled slips were also used in recently held assembly elections. ECI is also planning to provide braille election photo identity cards to visually challenged.</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Note: </strong>Electronic voting machines (EVMs) already have braille feature. The ballot paper pasted on EVMs with name and symbol of candidates is braille enabled.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Braille </strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is tactile reading and writing system used by blind and visually impaired people who cannot access print material.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was created Louis Braille in 1824 and named after it. It is script with raised dots that can be read with fingers by people who are blind or who have low vision.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is read by moving hand or hands from left to right along each line. Both hands are usually involved in its reading process and index fingers are generally used in reading.</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Strategic Framework on Accessible Elections </strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is compilation of guidelines issued by ECI and Department for Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, Union Ministry of Social justice and Empowerment.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was adopted on 4th July 2018 in National Consultation on Accessible Elections as part of ECI’s series of measures to maximize participation of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Election Process and premise of ‘No voter to be left behind’.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It aims at sensitization through education/training, involves communities of different sections of society, ties up with institutions and originations and create facilities to cater to specific needs of PwDs with view to increasing their participation in elections.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It also seeks to build equal access framework for PwDs supported by fundamentals of responsiveness, respect and dignity to enhance elector confidence among them and enhance their electoral participation.</span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'voter-slip-to-blind-voters-in-lok-sabha-elections', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1ea6/vskubnyy6vvnjm26g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1ea6/vskubnyy6vvnjm26g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'ECI give braille voter slip to blind voter in Lok Sabha election', 'metakeyword' => '', 'metadescription' => 'Election Commission of India (ECI) has announced to provide visually impaired and blind voters with braille voter slip in coming Lok Sabha elections this year', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/at5gbfod7hv2kna/4.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 106, 'title' => 'GeM, CCI sign MoU to check malpractices in e-procurement', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Government e Marketplace (GeM) and Competition Commission of India (CCI) signed Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to cooperate on public procurement matters and for detection of anti-competitive practices.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Features of MoU</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will enable both government agencies to pool their knowledge of public procurement domain for detection of anti-competitive practices.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will provide fair and competitive environment inpublic procurement matters by using advanced analytical tools and processes for identification of malpractices like cartelization.</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Government e Marketplace (GeM)</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is National Procurement Portal of India that facilitates procurement of goods and services by various Central, State Government ministries/Departments/PSUs etc. and also and also local bodies.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Its objective is to <em>enhance transparency, efficiency and speed in public procurement of goods and services and eliminate corruption</em>.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is completely paperless, cashless and system, driven e-market place that enables procurement of common use goods and services with minimal human interface.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It functions under the aegis of Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals (DGS&D), Union Ministry of Commerce and Industries.</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Competition Commission of India (CCI)</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is quasi-judicial statutory body of Central Government of India, responsible for enforcing Competition Act, 2002 throughout India.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Its mandate is to eliminate practices having adverse effect on competition, promote healthy and sustain competition, protect interests of consumers and ensure freedom of trade in markets of India.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It comprises of Chairperson and three members appointed by Central Government. It functions under aegis of Ministry of Cooperate Affairs.</span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'gem-cci-sign-mou-to-check-malpractices', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/2154/rrprzq775izgjug6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/2154/rrprzq775izgjug6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'GeM, CCI sign MoU to check malpractices in e-procurement', 'metakeyword' => 'In National Current Affairs, Government e Marketplace,GeM, CCI, Competition Commission, public procurement, anti-competitive practices,', 'metadescription' => 'Government e Marketplace (GeM) and Competition Commission of India (CCI) signed Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to cooperate', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/a6b0o403564ba41/9feb_GEM.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 111, 'title' => 'Ladakh region granted Divisional Status', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Jammu and Kashmir Governor Satya Pal Malik granted Divisional Status to Ladakh Region of the state. This was done by Governor by exercising his powers under Section 5 of Land Revenue Act, 1996. With this, Ladakh became third Division in state, other two being Jammu and Kashmir. Until now, Ladakh region was part of Kashmir Division.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Ladakh division</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will comprise Leh and Kargil districts with its headquarters at Leh. It will have full administrative and revenue division at par with Kashmir and Jammu divisions.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will be <strong>biggest division in state</strong> with 86,909 sq. km of area, followed by Jammu division (26,293 sq km) and Kashmir Division (15,948 sq km- making it smallest among three).</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will now get is own Divisional Commissioner and Inspector General of Police (IGP) as state Government also approved creation of posts of Divisional Commissioner (Ladakh), Leh and IGP (Ladakh), Leh. </span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Currently Ladakh region has two Hill Councils for its administration viz. Leh and Kargil. These councils were recently empowered with financial and administrative powers with amendment in Act. </span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Significance of Divisional status</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This decision goes long way in fulfilling the governance and development aspirations of the people of Ladakh region.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will facilitate Ladakh region in great way to progress as offices and opportunities will be distributed to both districts of division</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will bring opportunities of employment of different levels in various departments for the locals<strong>.</strong></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will further empower local administration as routine administrative clearances for Leh and Kargil districts now can be obtained at Divisional headquarters in Leh.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is also considered as step ahead towards dream for Ladakh Region to get Union Territory Status. For almost last three decades, Ladakh region has been demanding for UT status with proper legislation.</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Ladakh is one of most sparsely populated regions in J&K. It is the highest plateau in state with most of its geographical area being over 9,800 feet above sea level. </span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is geographically isolated with sparse population and inhospitable terrain which remains landlocked due to snow for nearly six months in a year (during winters).</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is also riddled with insurmountable problems with respect to delivery of developmental schemes, conduct of administrative affairs and governance and redressal of public grievances of people.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">People of Ladakh have for long time been demanding effective local institutional arrangements which can help accelerate pace of development and equitable all-round growth and development as compared to other parts of states.</span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'ladakh-region-granted-divisional-status', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/2918/z5vy7dqm6sdt3bz6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/2918/z5vy7dqm6sdt3bz6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'J&K Govt grants Divisional Status to Ladakh region', 'metakeyword' => 'In States Current Affairs, Jammu and Kashmir, Governor, Satya Pal Malik, Divisional Status, Ladakh Region, J&K Divisions,Ladakh, Jammu, Kashmir', 'metadescription' => 'Jammu and Kashmir Governor Satya Pal Malik granted Divisional Status to Ladakh Region of the state', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/xl04byrppjz24vp/9feb_Ladakh_region.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 105, 'title' => 'EC launches Voter Verification and Information Programme', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Election Commission of India (ECI) launched Voter Verification and Information Programme (VVIP) for the upcoming General (Lok Sabhe) Elections 2019 due in April-May. It will enable citizens to verify their names, new registrations, changes in voter details and corrections in Voter Id Cards.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Voter Verification and Information Programme (VVIP)</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was launched along with<strong> Voter Helpline app</strong>and <strong>PwD App</strong>during 2-day intensive Training-cum-Workshop on use of Information & Communication Technology for conduct of 2019Elections.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The services for this VVIP programme can be availed by voters through various channels including voter helpline mobile application and voter helpline number 1950.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">ECI also has also set up Contact centers in all districts across India, which are equipped with latest information and telecom infrastructure to help callers.</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Various mobile apps launched by ECI</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Voter Helpline app</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will provide convenience to all citizens for finding their names in electoral roll, submitting online forms, checking status of application, filing complaints and receiving reply on their mobile app.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It also has all forms, results, candidate affidavits, press notes, voter awareness and important instructions on it.</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>PwD App</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It aims to enable Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) to request for new registration, change in address, change in particulars and mark themselves as PwD through use of mobile application.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">PwDs are assigned Booth Level Officerto provide doorstep facility by simply entering their contact details. They can also request for a wheelchair during polling.</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>cVIGIL app</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It provides time-stamped, evidence based proof of Model Code of Conduct(MCC)/ Expenditure Violation. It has live photo/video with auto location data.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Using it, any citizen can lodge complaint against violation of MCC. Based on this complaint, flying Squads will investigate matter and returning officer takefinal decision.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has facility to keep cVIGIL complainant updated with status of complainant within specified time-limit.</span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'ec-launches-voter-verification-and-info', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/76ed/ibyacimkznq6fdz6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/76ed/ibyacimkznq6fdz6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'EC launches Voter Verification and Information Programme', 'metakeyword' => 'National Current Affairs, Election Commission Voter Verification and Information Programme, General Elections 2019, cVIGIL app, PwD App, Voter Helpline app ', 'metadescription' => 'Election Commission of India (ECI) launched Voter Verification and Information Programme (VVIP) for the upcoming General (Lok Sabhe) Elections 2019', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/4e7pua4m80463ll/9feb_EC_launches.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 86, 'title' => 'Cabinet abolishes Ombudsman for Direct, Indirect taxes for grievance redressal', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved abolition of <em>Institution of Income-Tax Ombudsman and Indirect Tax Ombudsman</em>. It comes in wake of emergence of alternative complaint redressal mechanisms especially online grievance redressal mechanism used by public widely.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Key Facts</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In recent times, these institutions of ombudsman could not prove to be more effective than regular existing parallel channels of grievance redressal.</span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Tax payers have started preferring alternate methods of grievance redressal like CPGRAMS (Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System), Aaykar Seva Kendras etc.</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Institution of Income-Tax Ombudsman was created in 2003 to deal with grievances of public related to settlement of complaints related to income tax. However, it has failed to achieve its objectives. It was also observed new complaints received by this ombudsman have fallen to single digits. Earlier in 2011 vacant offices of Indirect Tax Ombudsman were also closed.</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'cabinet-abolishes-of-ombudsman-for-taxes', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9013/84b8m0jr0szybpr6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9013/84b8m0jr0szybpr6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Cabinet abolishes of Ombudsman for direct, indirect taxes', 'metakeyword' => 'National Current Affairs, Cabinet Decisions, Taxation, Institution of Income Tax Ombudsman, Indirect Tax Ombudsman', 'metadescription' => 'Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved abolition of Institution of Income-Tax Ombudsman and Indirect Tax Ombudsman', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/ekc3t5vcj3xowp3/5.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 204, 'title' => 'Government launches PCS1X Maritime e-commerce Portal', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Union Ministry of Shipping launched PCS1x portal, an upgraded version of e-commerce portal Port Community System (PCS). It was launched at Regional Maritime Safety Conference held in Mumbai, Maharashtra. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Port Community System(PCS)</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is neutral and open electronic platform that enables secure exchange of information between public and private stakeholders to improve the competitive position of seaport communities.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It optimises, manages, and automates port and logistics efficient processes through single submission of data and connecting transport and logistic chains.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It integrates all electronic flow of trade related document/information and functions as centralized hub for ports of India and other stakeholders in maritime sector.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It facilitates transparent and paperless system for electronic submission of trade document which has resulted in faster turnaround time and dwell time.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has played important role in digitization in EXIM trade and enhancing ‘Ease of Doing Business’ in maritime sector.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">PCS1x </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been developed by Indian Ports Association (IPA), based on feedback from stakeholders using PCS.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is new generation system with user-friendly interface that brings together various stakeholders of maritime sector.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It facilitates Government-to-Business (G2B), Business-to-Government (B2G) and Business-to-Business (B2B) transactions within required legal framework. It ensures extreme levels of cyber security.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It allows improvement in payment cycle, transparency of transaction cycles, detailed tracking of vessels and berthing schedules.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can be integrated with gate system with RIFD, can produce e-copy of reports and notices and can be used for cargo/truck trailer tracking. It also allows better stakeholder coordination.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'govt-launches-pcs1x-maritime-e-commerce-portal', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0a5f/sl32l977epag2vf6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0a5f/sl32l977epag2vf6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Government launches PCS1X Maritime e-commerce Portal', 'metakeyword' => 'In National Current Affairs, Ministry of Shipping, PCS1x portal, upgraded version, e-commerce portal, Port Community System PCS, Regional Maritime Safety Conference, Mumbai, Maharashtra.', 'metadescription' => 'Union Ministry of Shipping launched PCS1x portal, an upgraded version of e-commerce portal Port Community System (PCS). It was launched at Regional Maritime Safety Conference held in Mumbai, Maharashtra.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/ruqqg2pg7e0l8vo/19feb_Government_launches_PCS1X.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 735, 'title' => 'PCI issues guidelines to media on conduct during election', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Press Council of India (PCI) has issued guidelines to the media to give objective reports about general election and cautioned it against the phenomenon of paid news. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">PCI Guidelines </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Electoral Conduct:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Newspapers are not expected to indulge in unhealthy election campaigns, exaggerated reports about any candidate or party during the elections.</span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be duty of press to give objective reports about election and the candidates</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Hate News:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Press should eschew reports which tend to promote feelings of enmity or hatred between people on the grounds of race, religion caste, community, language or region,</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Character Assassination News:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> The press should refrain from publishing false or critical statements in regard to personal character and conduct of any candidate to prejudice the prospects of that candidate in the elections.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Paid News:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Press should not publish unverified allegations against any candidate or party. Media should guard against paid news which it defined as “any news or analysis appearing in any media (print & electronic) for price in cash or kind as consideration,</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Poll Surveys:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Whenever newspapers publish pre-poll surveys, they should preface them conspicuously by indicating institutions which have carried on such surveys, individuals and organisations which have commissioned them, size and nature of sample selected and method of selection of the sample for findings.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">For Authorities: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The rules and orders regulating entry of media persons to places of election should be notified and cut-off date for applying for passes should be given due and advance publicity.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">They cannot prohibit use of vehicles by media persons for movement during elections although its use for voters by candidates and their agents is prohibited because journalist have to move from booth to booth and collect information from all centres whether on polling day or at time of counting.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Press Council of India (PCI) </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is a statutory body with mandate to act as watchdog to oversee conduct of print media in the country. It derives its mandate and powers from Press Council Act, 1978. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Composition:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It consist of Chairman (who has by convention, been a retired judge of Supreme Court) and 28 other members off whom 20 represent press, five are nominated from two Houses of Parliament and three represent cultural, literary and legal fields. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Functions:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It is statutory, quasi-judicial body acting as watchdog of press. It adjudicates complaints against press (print media) for violation of ethics and for violation of freedom of press respectively.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'pci-issues-guidelines-to-media-on-conduct-during-election', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4a76/pywbn7hqknkvks86g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4a76/pywbn7hqknkvks86g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'PCI issues guidelines to media on conduct during election', 'metakeyword' => 'In National Current Affairs, Press Council of India, PCI, guidelines, media, conduct during election', 'metadescription' => 'PCI issues guidelines to media on conduct during election, Press Council of India (PCI) has issued guidelines to the media to give objective reports about general election', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/xo9a1tej6z9t149/PCI_issues_guidelines.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 1091, 'title' => 'ICSSR: Vice President inaugurates Golden Jubilee Celebrations', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Vice President of India Venkaiah Naidu inaugurated Golden Jubilee Celebrations (50 years celebrations) of Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) in New Delhi. ICSSR is the national body overseeing research in the social sciences in India.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR)</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was established in 1969 by Central Government to promote research in social sciences in the country. It established on the recommendation of erstwhile Planning Commission. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It functions as an autonomous organisation funded by Ministry Of Human Resource Development (MHRD). It is headquartered in New Delhi. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Functions:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It provide grants for projects, fellowships, international collaboration, capacity building, survey, publications etc. to promote research in social sciences in India. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Objectives:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> (i) Review progress of social science research and give advice to its users (ii)</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Sponsor social science research programmes and projects and administer grants to institutions and individuals for research in social sciences (iii) Institute and administer scholarships and fellowships for research in social sciences. (iv) Identify areas in which social science research needs to be promoted and adopt special measures for development of research in neglected or new areas (v) Arrange technical training in research methodology and to provide guidance for research etc.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'icssr-vice-president-inaugurates-golden-jubilee', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0acb/zh13aml1wa58pqa6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0acb/zh13aml1wa58pqa6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'ICSSR: VP inaugurates Golden Jubilee Celebrations', 'metakeyword' => 'Golden Jubilee Celebrations, Indian Council of Social Science Research, ICSSR, New Delhi, national body, overseeing, research,social sciences ', 'metadescription' => 'Vice President of India Venkaiah Naidu inaugurated Golden Jubilee Celebrations (50 years celebrations) of Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) in New Delhi. ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/617wh8qa4dd30hy/ICSSR.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 1216, 'title' => '17th Lok Sabha elections: Highest number of women MPs', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In recently concluded 17th Lok Sabha elections, total 78 women Members of Parliament (MPs) were elected. It is highest number of women representatives ever elected to lower house of Parliament since independence. They will account for 14.39</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of the entire strength of lower house, which was at 12.5</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> with a total 65 women MPs in the previous Lok Sabha.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Key Facts</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Party-wise breakup:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> With 40 women MPs, Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) has sent largest number of elected women representatives to Lok Sabha, followed by Trinamool Congress (9), Congress (6), Biju Janta Dal (5) and Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Congress Party (4). </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Regional vs. National Parties:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The regional parties boast of higher ratio of women MPs as compared to national parties. Women MPs account for 41.6</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> of BJD’s total strength in Lok Sabha and 40.9</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> of TMC’s strength in the House. Both of these regional parties had pledged to give tickets to 40</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">% and 30</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> of party candidates to women before the elections started.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Winnability Factor: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In 17th Lok Sabha elections, women candidates displayed higher winnability factor or strike rate. This higher success rate or winnability factor shown by women candidates is consistent with the past record. 78 elected women MPs have emerged winners out of total 716 women candidates who had fought during the 2019 Lok Sabha elections. It shows that success rate of women candidates was of 10.89</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%,</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> much higher than success rate shown by male candidates of 6.41</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => '17th-lok-sabha-elections-highest-women-mps', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/fc59/li7yiirjbz9vc6b6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/fc59/li7yiirjbz9vc6b6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => '17th Lok Sabha elections: Highest number of women MPs', 'metakeyword' => ' 17th Lok Sabha elections, total 78 women MPs, elected, highest number, women representatives, ever elected, lower house, Parliament since independence', 'metadescription' => 'In recently concluded 17th Lok Sabha elections, total 78 women Members of Parliament (MPs) were elected. It is highest number of women representatives ever elected to lower house of Parliament since independenc', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/ydo8s1ik91a9a06/17th_Lok.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 1626, 'title' => 'First UIDAI-run Aadhaar Seva Kendra becomes operational', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) has operationalised its first<strong> Aadhaar Seva Kendras (ASK) </strong>in Delhi and Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh). UIDAI has set ambitious plan of setting up 114 'Aadhaar Seva Kendras' across the country by the end of 2019.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Aadhaar Seva Kendras (ASK)</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">These centres will beowned and operated by UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India), the governmental body that issues Aadhaar.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will facilitate enrolment, updation and other activities related to 12-digit unique identification number or Aadhar in addition to the existing centres that assist with the same services. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will be similar to concept of Passport Seva Kendras (PSKs) and will cover 53 cities at an estimated projected cost of Rs 300-400 crore.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">This centre is intended to handle large number of Aadhaar related requests on a daily basis like updation and enrolment.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will also allow people to book slots online as per their convenience through the appointment management system.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI):</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is nodal statutory organization behind Aadhaar, a 12 digit unique number. It was made statutory body by Parliament through adhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Aadhaar:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is 10 digit number is linked with individual’s demographic and biometric information, which serves as an authentication tool throughout India. Using it, Central and State Governments are trying to link many of their major development and subsidy schemes to reduce leakages and duplication.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => '1st-iudai-run-aadhaar-seva-kendra-operational', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c925/q1x1m5oai417dn96g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c925/q1x1m5oai417dn96g.jpg', 'metatitle' => '1st UIDAI-run Aadhaar Seva Kendra becomes operational', 'metakeyword' => 'Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) has operationalised its first Aadhaar Seva Kendras (ASK) in Delhi and Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh). ', 'metadescription' => 'Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) has operationalised its first Aadhaar Seva Kendras (ASK) in Delhi and Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh). ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/o7u3fxst4htfp83/First_UIDAI-run_Aadhaar_Seva.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 1659, 'title' => 'Government launches digital initiatives for Haj Pilgrims', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Haj mission in Saudi Arabia has adopted digital technology to reach out to large number of pilgrims as part of Union Government’s Digital India initiative. This move is aimed at forming bridge with the pilgrims to facilitate smooth and hassle-free Haj operation and also receive grievances and feedbacks to improve the service. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Digital Initiatives are</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Haj Information System App: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has been developed by consulate to receive feedback, a grievance from Hajis. Currently, it receives feedback in English, Hindi and Urdu. Other regional languages will be incorporated later. The app also connects with pilgrims to Haj service coordinators known as Qadimul Hajjaj of their respective states. Qadimul Hajjaj are government employees who are deputed to assist pilgrims during Haj season.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">e-MASIHA:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It helps to store health status and medical history of visiting pilgrims. e-MASIHA stands for Medical Assistance System for Indian Hajis Abroad. It will help to retrieve pilgrims’ health information to apply appropriate treatment whenever he or she visits Indian medical facilities during Haj.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'digital-initiatives-haj-pilgrims', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/79d6/426o6l0t0ozb8a66g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/79d6/426o6l0t0ozb8a66g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Govt launches digital initiatives for Haj Pilgrim', 'metakeyword' => 'Indian Haj mission in Saudi Arabia has adopted digital technology to reach out to large number of pilgrims as part of Union Government’s Digital India initiative', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Haj mission in Saudi Arabia has adopted digital technology to reach out to large number of pilgrims as part of Union Government’s Digital India initiative', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/gf80rprtkwr57sy/Government_launches_digital_initiatives_for_Haj_Pilgrims.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 1695, 'title' => 'RPF launches Operation Thirst', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Railway Protection Force (RPF) launched all India drive called “Operation Thirst” to crack down selling of unauthorised Packaged Drinking Water (PDW) in Railway premises. It was launched on 08th & 09th July 2019 on the direction of DG/RPF, Railway Board, New Delhi.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Operation Thirst</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Objective of this all India drive was to curb the menace of unauthorized Packaged Drinking Water (PDW) in Railway premises, </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">During this drive, all Zonal Principal Chief Security Commissioners (PCSCs) were asked to crackdown these unauthorised activities. It covered almost all major stations over Indian Railway.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Impact:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Around 1371 persons were arrested and over 69,294 bottles were seized by RPF during this drive for selling of packaged drinking water of unauthorised brands under different sections i.e. 144 & 153 of Railways Act. Total fine amount of Rs. 6,80,855/- have been realized from these offenders. The special drive will be followed by continuous action by concerned PCSCs on this issue.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'rpf-launches-operation-thirst', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/8e5e/2no4k9b14xehcfs6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/8e5e/2no4k9b14xehcfs6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'RPF launches Operation Thirst', 'metakeyword' => 'Railway Protection Force (RPF) launched all India drive called “Operation Thirst†to crack down selling of unauthorised Packaged Drinking Water (PDW)', 'metadescription' => 'Railway Protection Force (RPF) launched all India drive called “Operation Thirst†to crack down selling of unauthorised Packaged Drinking Water (PDW)', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/enilajrbqhrhloa/RPF_launches_Operation_Thirst.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 1687, 'title' => 'Kerala Govt forms Non-Resident Keralites Investment company', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Kerala Government has decided to form Non-Resident Keralites (NRK) Investment and Holding Company Ltd with main aim of utilising NRI investments for implementing various projects. The decision in this regard was taken at state cabinet meeting chaired by Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan. Cabinet also decided to appoint NORKA (Non-Resident Keralites Affairs) Chief Executive officer (CEO) as special officer of the company. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">NRK Investment and Holding Company Ltd</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Objective:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> To channelise investments from overseas Keralites for major infrastructure development in the state.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Equity Holding:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> 74</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> of its stake (share capital) will be held by NRKs and remaining 26</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> will be held by state government.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Projects to be undertaken:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> This company will undertake projects for developing NRK townships and infrastructure development.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Subsidiaries:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The company is empowered to set up special purpose vehicle (SPV) or subsidiary company for the purpose. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Decision for formation of this company was taken based on Loka Kerala Sabha’s (State Assembly) standing committee to capitalise on huge investments from overseas Keralites for various development initiatives across the state.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India is world’s top destination for inward remittances. Within India, Kerala is top destination for remittances, accounting for over 19</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of inward remittances into the country. </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'non-resident-keralites-investment-company', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/b151/1onuv2xgv8wamqs6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/b151/1onuv2xgv8wamqs6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Kerala Govt forms Non-Resident Keralites Investment', 'metakeyword' => 'Kerala Government has decided to form Non-Resident Keralites (NRK) Investment and Holding Company Ltd with main aim of utilising NRI investments for implementing various projects', 'metadescription' => 'Kerala Government has decided to form Non-Resident Keralites (NRK) Investment and Holding Company Ltd with main aim of utilising NRI investments for implementing various projects', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/hwbxwtq1ll06blj/Kerala_Govt_forms_Non-Resident.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 1755, 'title' => 'Record 60.14% turnout of service voters through ETPBS: ECI', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Election Commission of India (ECI) has notified that record 60.14% turnout of service voters was recorded through Electronically Transmitted Postal Ballot System (ETPBS) in 2019 Lok Sabha elections which was world’s largest democratic election process. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In the seven phases spanning 2019 Lok Sabha elections, a total of 18,02,646 postal ballots were dispatched electronically using flagship IT programme – ETPBS of ECI. In return 10,84,266 e-postal ballots were received indicating 60.14% turnout. This election had seen record highest enrollment of 18,02,646 service voters (electors). Voter turnout of service voters in 2014 was only 4%.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Dedicated Portal</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">ECI for first time had enabled dedicated portal https://www.servicevoter.eci.nic.in for online registration of service voters. This portal had enabled sending postal ballots electronically one way to service voters to save processing time, resources and avoid human errors.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Electronically Transmitted Postal Ballot System (ETPBS)</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is flagship IT program of Election Commission of India (ECI) to achieve one of its mandate of “no voter to be left behind”. It was launched by ECI with the help of C-DAC.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Through this system, service voters cast their vote on an electronically received postal ballot, from anywhere outside their constituency, thus reducing chances of losing the voting opportunity. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">How it works?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The postal ballots are delivered to service voters in electronic data format to voters on a real time basis. These voters can download postal ballot and votes casted by will be received by the returning officer through post</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Security Features: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">ETPBS is fully secured system, having two security layers, with use of a one-time password (OTP), PIN and unique QR code on the portal.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Who are service voters? </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Persons working in Central Forces under Arms Act and Government officials deployed in Embassies outside the country are classified as Service Voters and are provisioned for online enrolment. Of the total registered service electors in 2019 Lok Sabha election, 10,16,245 were from the Ministry of Defence, 7,82,595 from Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF), 3,539 of Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) and 267 of State Police.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'electronically-transmitted-postal-ballot-system', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5f02/gnlq6p7jukh7mzo6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5f02/gnlq6p7jukh7mzo6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Record 60.14% turnout of service voters through', 'metakeyword' => 'Election Commission of India (ECI) has notified that record 60.14% turnout of service voters was recorded through Electronically Transmitted Postal Ballot System (ETPBS) in 2019 Lok Sabha elections', 'metadescription' => 'Election Commission of India (ECI) has notified that record 60.14% turnout of service voters was recorded through Electronically Transmitted Postal Ballot System (ETPBS) in 2019 Lok Sabha elections', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/65vvad1o7mli58h/Record_turnout_of_service_voters_through.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 14 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 2891, 'title' => 'House rules on unruly MPs', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The suspension of two Congress members by Lok Sabha Speaker after unruly scenes in the House has brought back focus on the conduct of MPs, and related issues.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Lok Sabha’s Rules Committee had recommended automatic suspension of members who entered the well of the House or wilfully obstructed business by shouting slogans despite being repeatedly warned by the Chair.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Rule 378 of the Rules for the Conduct of Business states: “The Speaker shall preserve order and shall have all powers necessary for the purpose of enforcing own decisions.”</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Rule 373 says: “The Speaker, if is of the opinion that the conduct of any member is grossly disorderly, may direct such member to withdraw immediately from the House, and any member so ordered to withdraw shall do so forthwith and shall remain absent during the remainder of the day’s sitting.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">”Rule 374 says:</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Speaker may, if deems it necessary, name a member who disregards the authority of the Chair or abuses the rules of the House by persistently and wilfully obstructing the business thereof.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">If a member is so named by the Speaker, the Speaker shall, on a motion being made forthwith put the question that the member (naming such member) be suspended from the service of the House for a period not exceeding the remainder of the session: Provided that the House may, at any time, on a motion being made, resolve that such suspension be terminated.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A member suspended under this rule shall forthwith withdraw from the precincts of the House.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'house-rules-on-unruly-mp', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5e5c/xohve6j0wn8n3eo6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5e5c/xohve6j0wn8n3eo6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'House rules on unruly MPs', 'metakeyword' => 'House rules on unruly MPs', 'metadescription' => 'The suspension of two Congress members by Lok Sabha Speaker after unruly scenes in the House has brought back focus on the conduct of MPs, and related issues', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/4aat5pm4qtnit2s/House_rules_on_unruly_MPs.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 15 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 2925, 'title' => 'Parliamentary motions', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Congress and other parties of the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) are set to move a censure motion in the Lok Sabha against MP Pragya Thakur for her remarks on Mahatma Gandhi's assassin Nathuram Godse.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Parliamentary Motions</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In parliamentary procedure, a motion is a formal proposal by a member of a deliberative assembly that the assembly take certain action. Generally, a motion should be phrased in a way to take an action or express an opinion.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Different types of Parliamentary motions</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Privilege Motion</strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A privileged motion is a motion that is granted precedence over ordinary business because it concerns matters of great importance or urgency. Such motions are not debatable, although in case of questions of privilege, the chair may feel the need to obtain relevant facts from members.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Censure Motion</strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A censure means an expression of strong disapproval or harsh criticism. It can be a stern rebuke by a legislature, generally opposition against the policies of Government or an individual minister. However, it can also be passed to criticise, condemn some act. A censure motion can be moved in lower house of the parliament or in a state assembly in India.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is moved by opposition against a specific policy of government or against a minister or against the whole council of ministers.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Calling-Attention Motion</strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Calling attention is a type of motion introduced by a member to call the attention of a minister to a matter of urgent public importance. The minister is expected to make authoritative statement from him on that matter. It can be introduced in any house of the parliament.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Adjournment Motion</strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The primary object of an adjournment motion is to draw the attention of Lok Sabha to a recent matter of urgent public importance having serious consequences and in regard to which a motion or a resolution with proper notice will be too late.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Adjournment motion is allowed only in Lok Sabha (or in state legislative assembly) and not in Rajya Sabha (or in Legislative Council).</span></span></p> </li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Conditions</strong></span></span> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Such a motion needs support of at least 50 members. It should be introduced on a matter of definite and urgent public importance. However, it should not cover more than one matter and be restricted to that matter only.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A question of privilege or any other questions which can be raised via other distinct motion cannot be raised in adjournment motion.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Cut Motions</strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">After the budget is presented in Parliament and discussions over it are completed, the members get an opportunity to move cut motions to reduce the amount of budgetary grants. The members from particular parties or coalitions may bring their own cut motions.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:40px"> </p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Policy Cut</strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This type of cut motion aims that the amount of the demand be reduced to Re. 1. It represents the complete disapproval of policy underlying the demand.</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Token Cut</strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This Cut Motion aims that the amount of the Demand be reduced by Rs. 100” in order to ventilate a specific grievance, which is within the sphere of responsibility of the government of India.</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Economy cut</strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This type of cut motion aims that the amount of demand be reduced to certain other amount and it represents that the demand for grants should be altered.</span></span></li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>No Confidence Motion</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <ul style="margin-left:40px"> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The constitutional provision behind this motion is Article 75, which says that “Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the LokSabha”. Thus, a council of ministers stays in office as long as it enjoys the confidence of majority of the members of Lok Sabha.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The motion has to be passed by simple majority. If passed, the Union Council of Ministers has to resign and government at centre falls.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">No-confidence motion can be moved only in Lok Sabha (or state assembly as the case may be). It is not allowed in Rajya Sabha (or state legislative council).</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is moved against the entire Council of Ministers and not individual ministers or private members.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It needs support of at least 50 members when introduced in Lok Sabha.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Motion of Thanks</strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Motion of thanks is moved and voted in both houses parliament after the inaugural speech of the president at the beginning of first session of new Lok Sabha or the first session of a new year. This motion must be passed in both of the houses. A failure to get motion of thanks passed (which may happen rarely) amounts to defeat of government and leads to collapse of government.</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Closure Motion</strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Closure is one of the means by which a debate may be brought to an end by a majority decision of the House, even though all Members wishing to speak have not done so.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>No-Day-Yet-Named Motion</strong></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Any other parliamentary motion which has not yet been named.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'parliamentary-motions', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/07d4/8fa0bfal6e4k9x36g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/07d4/8fa0bfal6e4k9x36g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Parliamentary motions | United Progressive Alliance', 'metakeyword' => 'Parliamentary motions, United Progressive Alliance', 'metadescription' => 'The Congress and other parties of the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) are set to move a censure motion in the Lok Sabha against MP Pragya Thakur', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/bld8xwr548z3hdo/Parliamentary_motions.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 16 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3026, 'title' => 'Overseas Citizen of India', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Overseas Citizen of India card holders are facing major problems while travelling to the country because adequate awareness has not been created about recent enforcement of a rule on renewal.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">OCI, a major facility for members of the Indian diaspora, brings them at par with non-Resident Indians in financial, economic and educational fields except in the acquisition of agricultural or plantation properties.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">OCI card holders are eligible for free multiple entry, multi-purpose life-long visa to visit India. OCI card holders are also exempted from reporting to police authorities for any length of stay in India.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Overseas Citizen of India</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) is an immigration status permitting a foreign citizen of Indian origin to live and work in the Republic of India indefinitely. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The OCI was introduced in response to demands for dual citizenship by the Indian diaspora, particularly in developed countries. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was introduced by The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2005 in August 2005.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">To apply for and use an OCI document, a holder must be a citizen of and hold a passport of another country, except that of Pakistan and Bangladesh.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Government of India, on application, may register any person as an Overseas Citizen of India, if the person:</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">was a citizen of India on 26 January 1950 or at any time thereafter; or</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">belonged to a territory that became part of India after 15 August 1947; or</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">was eligible to become a citizen of India on 26 January 1950; or</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">is a child or a grandchild or a great-grandchild of such a citizen; or</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">is a minor child of such persons mentioned above; or</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">is a minor child and whose both parents are citizens of India or one of the parents is a citizen of India; or</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">is a spouse of foreign origin of a citizen of India or spouse of foreign origin of an Overseas Citizen of India Cardholder registered under section 7A of the Citizenship Act, 1955 and whose marriage has been registered and subsisted for a continuous period of not less than two years immediately preceding the presentation of the application.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Overseas citizens of India are not citizens of India from a constitutional point of view and will not enjoy the following rights even if resident in India:</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">they do not have the right to vote,</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">they do not have the right to hold the offices of Prime Minister, President, Vice-President, Judge of Supreme Court and High Court, member of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>, Legislative Assembly, or Council.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">they do not have the right to any public services (government jobs).</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">they do not have the right to hold farmland (agricultural property).</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'overseas-citizen-of-india', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/efd2/pf0k39v80ur5djc6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/efd2/pf0k39v80ur5djc6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Overseas Citizen of India', 'metakeyword' => 'Overseas Citizen of India', 'metadescription' => 'Overseas Citizen of India card holders are facing major problems while travelling to the country because adequate awareness has not been created', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/opfpa3xqir65kjb/Overseas_Citizen_of_India.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 17 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3077, 'title' => 'Assam accord', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The debate on the Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB) passed<strong> </strong>by<strong> </strong>Parliament has repeatedly flagged the alleged violation of the Assam Accord by the new law.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Assam Accord was a Memorandum of Settlement signed by the Governments of India and Assam, and the All Assam Students’ Union (AASU) and the All Assam Gana Sangram Parishad (AAGSP) in New Delhi on August 15, 1985.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">At the heart of the Accord was the “Foreigners Issue” and “Safeguards and Economic Development”. There were some “Other Issues” and a section on “Restoration of Normalcy”.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Home Ministry was the nodal Ministry for the implementation of the Accord. In 1986, a new Department was set up in the Government of Assam, called “Implementation of Assam Accord Department”, to implement the various clauses of the Memorandum of Settlement.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was agreed that “for purposes of detection and deletion of foreigners, 1.1.1966 shall be the base data and year”, and that “all persons who came to Assam prior to 1.1.1966, including those amongst them whose names appeared on the electoral rolls used in 1967 elections shall be regularised”.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Foreigners who “came to Assam after 1.1.1966 (inclusive) and upto 24th March, 1971 shall be detected in accordance with the provisions of The Foreigners Act, 1946, and The Foreigners (Tribunals) Order, 1964”, and their names “will be deleted from the electoral rolls in force”.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While, “On the expiry of a period of ten years following the date of detection, the names of all such persons which have been deleted from the electoral rolls shall be restored”, “all persons who were expelled earlier, but have since reentered illegally into Assam shall be expelled”.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Clause 6</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It reads,“Constitutional, legislative and administrative safeguards, as may be appropriate shall be provided to protect, preserve and promote the culture, social, linguistic identity and heritage of the Assamese people.”</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Importance</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Assam Accord brought closure to a phase of great violence and anxiety in the modern history of Assam. The agitation was led by the youth, who saw a direct threat to their future from the illegal influx of foreigners into the state.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government of Assam describes the Assam movement as “historic”, and “one of the famous movements in post-colonial India mainly led by students of Assam”.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'assam-accord', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/addd/f5dbahbwddbqmhz6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/addd/f5dbahbwddbqmhz6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Assam accord | Citizenship Amendment Bill ', 'metakeyword' => 'Assam accord | Citizenship Amendment Bill ', 'metadescription' => 'The debate on the Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB) passed by Parliament has repeatedly flagged the alleged violation of the Assam Accord by the new law.', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/fn6vqijpadyuzfk/Assam_accord.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 18 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3135, 'title' => 'Section 144 CrPC', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">As the protests on CAA has intensified, state governments have sought to control the demonstrations by issuing prohibitory orders under Section 144 of the Code Of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">According to 141-149 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), the maximum punishment for engaging in rioting is rigorous imprisonment for 3 years and/or fine. Every member of an unlawful assembly can be held responsible for a crime committed by the group.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Section 144 CrPC, a law retained from the colonial era, empowers a district magistrate, a sub-divisional magistrate or any other executive magistrate specially empowered by the state government in this behalf to issue orders to prevent and address urgent cases of apprehended danger or nuisance.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The magistrate has to pass a written order which may be directed against a particular individual, or to persons residing in a particular place or area, or to the public generally when frequenting or visiting a particular place or area.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This usually includes restrictions on movement, carrying arms and from assembling unlawfully. It is generally believed that assembly of three or more people is prohibited under Section 144.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">No order passed under Section 144 can remain in force for more than two months from the date of the order, unless the state government considers it necessary. Even then, the total period cannot extend to more than six months.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Criticism of section 144</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The criticism is that it is too broad and the words of the section are wide enough to give absolute power to a magistrate that may be exercised unjustifiably.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> Imposition of Section 144 to an entire state has also drawn criticism since the security situation differs from area to area.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Way forward</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Occasions may arise when it is not possible to distinguish between those whose conduct must be controlled and those whose conduct is clear, hence its application becomes necessary.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A general order may be necessary when the number of persons is so large that the distinction between them and the general public cannot be made.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The efficacy of the provision is to prevent some harmful occurrence immediately. Therefore, the emergency must be sudden and the consequences sufficiently grave for implementing this provision.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'section-144-crpc', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/aad0/dcupc7eelr0bfy26g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/aad0/dcupc7eelr0bfy26g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Section 144 CrPC | Code Of Criminal Procedure (CrPC)', 'metakeyword' => 'Section 144 CrPC, Code Of Criminal Procedure (CrPC)', 'metadescription' => 'As the protests on CAA has intensified, state governments have sought to control the demonstrations by issuing prohibitory orders under Section 144', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/ylirugv8tak170n/Section_144_CrPC.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 19 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3177, 'title' => 'National Population Register', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Union Cabinet has approved a proposal to conduct Census 2021 and update the National Population Register (NPR).</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While the Census will be conducted in 2021, the NPR update will take place from April to September 2020 in all the States/UTs except Assam. It will be conducted under Home Ministry.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The NPR is a register of usual residents of the country. It is mandatory for every usual resident of India to register in the NPR. It includes both Indian citizens as well as a foreign citizen. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The objective of the NPR is to create a comprehensive identity database of every usual resident in the country.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is being prepared at the local (Village/sub-Town), sub-District, District, State and National level under provisions of the Citizenship Act 1955 and the Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and issue of National Identity Cards) Rules, 2003.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong> Usual resident</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">According to the Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and issue of National Identity Cards) Rules, 2003, a usual resident is a person who has resided in a local area for the past 6 months or more or a person who intends to reside in that area for the next 6 months or more.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details for NPR</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The demographic details of every individual are required for every usual resident on 21 points which includes ‘date and place of birth of parents’, last place of residence, Permanent Account Number (PAN), Aadhar ( on a voluntary basis), Voter ID card number, Driving License Number and Mobile Number.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the last NPR done in 2010, the data was collected on the 15 points and it did not include ‘date and place of birth of parents’ and last place of residence.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Difference between NPR and NRC</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The NPR is different from the National Register of Citizens which excludes the foreign citizens.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A Population Register is ‘the register containing details of persons usually residing in a village or rural area or town or ward or demarcated area (demarcated by the Registrar General of Citizen Registration) within a ward in a town or urban area. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Whereas, the ‘National Register of Indian Citizens’ is a register containing details of Indian Citizens living in India and outside India.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">National Register of Indian Citizens’ shall contain the particulars of every citizen i.e. Name; Father’s name; Mother’s name; Sex; Date of birth; Place of birth; Residential address (present and permanent); Marital status if ever married, name of the spouse; Visible identification mark; Date of registration of Citizen; Serial number of registration; and National Identity Number.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The National Register of Citizens (NRC) is a register of all Indian citizens whose creation is mandated by The Citizenship Act 1955 as amended in 2003.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'national-population-register', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1449/y6lvj4way1jrc706g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1449/y6lvj4way1jrc706g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'National Population Register (NPR)', 'metakeyword' => 'National Population Register, npr', 'metadescription' => 'The Union Cabinet has approved a proposal to conduct Census 2021 and update the National Population Register (NPR).', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/doaodyatah9p8qg/National_Population_Register.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 20 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3232, 'title' => 'Detention centres', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">After the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 was passed on December 11, there are fears that those excluded from NPR-NRC will be sent to detention centres.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Centre has the power to deport foreign nationals staying illegally in the country under Section 3(2)(c) of The Foreigners Act, 1946. State governments have also been entrusted under Article 258(1) of the Constitution<strong> </strong>to take similar steps. </span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In 1998, the MHA under had written a letter to all States and Union Territories asking them to restrict the movement of convicted foreign nationals who had completed their jail sentence. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The letter said that they be confined to one of the detention centres/camps, pending confirmation of their nationality from the country concerned and to ensure their physical availability at all times for expeditious repatriation/deportation as soon as the travel documents are ready. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The centres are also used to hold foreigners who have been caught overstaying their visa term.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">States were asked by the MHA to set up sufficient number of detention centres where the suspected illegal immigrants would be detained pending their deportation.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Detention centres</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Detention centres are residential bildings meant to hold foreigners either staying illegally in the country or who have completed sentence and waiting for deportation.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issues</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Cleanliness and hygiene</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Most of the existing detention centres are ill managed leading to worse living conditions. This has made them susceptible for spread of diseases.</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Family seperation</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">All memebers of a family are not kept at a single centre leading to seperation of children from their parents.</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Slow resolution of the case</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The case of individuals kept in detention centres linger on for many years leading to accumulation of detenees.</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'detention-centres', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1d11/u8awpz3l0cmwhw36g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1d11/u8awpz3l0cmwhw36g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Detention centres | After the Citizenship (Amendment)', 'metakeyword' => 'Detention centres, After the Citizenship (Amendment)', 'metadescription' => 'After the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 was passed on December 11, there are fears that those excluded from NPR-NRC will be sent to detention centres.', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/5mioh3ovzcmd83z/Detention_centres.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 21 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3240, 'title' => 'Karnataka-Maharashtra Belgaum issue', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The bus services between Kolhapur and Belgaum were suspended<strong> </strong>after the decades-old border dispute between Maharashtra and Karnataka flared up again.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dispute between Maharashtra and Karnataka over Belgaum and other border areas is a longstanding issue between the two states, and has been pending before the Supreme Court for many years.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The erstwhile Bombay Presidency, a multilingual province, included the present-day Karnataka districts of Bijapur, Belgaum, Dharwar and Uttara-Kannada (previously North Kanara).</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The States Reorganisation Act of 1956, which divided states on linguistic and administrative lines, made Belgaum a part of the then Mysore State (which was renamed Karnataka in 1973).</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Maharashtra government contested the inclusion and lodged a protest with the Centre in September 1957. This led to the formation of the Mahajan Commission under former Chief Justice Mehr Chand Mahajan in October 1966.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Commission, which submitted its report in August 1967, recommended that 264 villages be transferred to Maharashtra and that Belgaum and 247 villages remain with Karnataka. Maharashtra rejected the report and demanded another review.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Maharashtra continues to claim over 865 villages along the border, as well as Belgaum city, which are currently part of Karnataka. Successive governments in Maharashtra have demanded their inclusion within the state. Karnataka has contested these claims.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'karnataka-maharashtra-belgaum-issue', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/80b4/gjtpn6xatv521n06g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/80b4/gjtpn6xatv521n06g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Karnataka-Maharashtra Belgaum issue', 'metakeyword' => 'Karnataka-Maharashtra Belgaum issue', 'metadescription' => 'The bus services between Kolhapur and Belgaum were suspended after the decades-old border dispute between Maharashtra and Karnataka flared up again.', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/sfhpdlyg24rdp82/Karnataka-Maharashtra_Belgaum_issue.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 22 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3249, 'title' => 'Popular Front of India: The organisation facing chances of ban', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government in Uttar Pradesh has sent a report to the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) recommending a ban on the Popular Front of India (PFI).</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government has accused the organisation and its political front, the Social Democratic Party of India (SDPI) of “masterminding and instigating violence” during the recent protests against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA) and the proposed National Register of Citizens (NRC).</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Government members said PFI was the “incarnation” of the Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI) and the PFI’s role has been established in vandalism in the state.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The organisation has been accused earlier of multiple violent and extremist incidents. Police in Kerala and Karnataka have found evidence of the use of lethal weapons in PFI centres.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>PFI</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The PFI was set up in 2006 as a federation of the National Development Fund (NDF), which was formed in Kerala in 1993 and subsequently emerged as the Manitha Neethi Pasarai (MNP) in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka Forum for Dignity (KFD) in Karnataka.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It calls itself a “socio-political movement that strives for the empowerment of the Muslims and other marginalised sections of society”.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI)</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">SIMI, which was formed in 1977, is banned under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967. It is accused of standing for the propagation of Islamist jihad and the establishment of Islamic rule in India.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>SDPI</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">SDPI is PFI’s political front, founded, according to the organisation, for the “advancement and uniform development” of all citizens, including Muslims, Dalits, Backward classes and Adivasis. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">SDPI was formed and declared in 2009, and was registered with the Election Commission of India in 2010.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The SDPI wants a complete revamp of the system. The SDPI claims to uphold values including national integration, communal amity, and social harmony.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'popular-front-of-india-the-organisation-facing-chances', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/bdae/psfrwr8tnmcbxd86g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/bdae/psfrwr8tnmcbxd86g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Popular Front of India: The organisation facing chances', 'metakeyword' => 'Popular Front of India: The organisation facing chances of ban', 'metadescription' => 'The government in Uttar Pradesh has sent a report to the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) recommending a ban on the Popular Front of India (PFI).', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/4av865qdok69lg8/Popular_Front_of_India_The_organisation_facing_chances_of_ban.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 23 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3428, 'title' => '‘Lese Majeste’', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Kerala Governor Arif Mohammad Khan invoked his authority to ask the executive to submit why it kept the Raj Bhavan in the dark about the move to appeal against the citizenship law in the Supreme Court.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The governor pointed out in a letter to the Chief Secretary that the Chief Minister was duty-bound under the rules of business of the government to refer specified category of cases that concerned Centre-State relations or involved the Supreme Court to the Governor before the administration acted.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The governor said that the government had crossed a line by not informing the constitutional head of State about its decision to challenge the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, a Central law, in the Supreme Court.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The State Law Minister contended the State was not in conflict with the Centre. Hence, there was no imperative to inform the Governor. The State had merely invoked the provisions of Article 131 of the Constitution to file a civil suit in the Supreme Court against the CAA.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Lese Mejestes</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Lèse-majesté is a French term meaning "to do wrong to majesty" and is an offence against the dignity of a reigning <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">sovereign</a> or against a state.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Lèse-majeste is defined variously as “a crime against the sovereign”, “offense against a ruler’s dignity as head of the state”, and “treason” has largely been relegated to history but for glaring examples such as Thailand, where its use is blamed for stifling dissent and for sending people behind bars for long years.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Under this law, social media use is also monitored, and posting content considered seditious, as well as pressing the “Like” button on <a href="https://indianexpress.com/about/facebook/">Facebook</a> on such content, has led to prison time.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'lese-majeste', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/655c/ikn6i28ou5tv3o06g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/655c/ikn6i28ou5tv3o06g.jpg', 'metatitle' => '‘Lese Majeste’ | Kerala Governor Arif Mohammad Khan ', 'metakeyword' => '‘Lese Majeste’, Kerala Governor Arif Mohammad Khan ', 'metadescription' => 'Kerala Governor Arif Mohammad Khan invoked his authority to ask the executive to submit why it kept the Raj Bhavan in the dark about the move ', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/6w27m0w0hpjshhb/%E6Lese_Majeste%C6.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 24 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3476, 'title' => 'EC tells Supreme Court, criminally tainted candidates must not get tickets', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Supreme Court has agreed to examine a proposition made by the Election<strong> </strong>Commission (EC) to ask political parties to not give ticket to those with criminal antecedents.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Supreme Court’s long string of judgments against criminalisation of politics has hardly scratched the surface of the deep rot.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A previous judgment had urged Parliament to bring a “strong law” to cleanse political parties of leaders facing trial for serious crimes.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The court had suggested that Parliament frame a law that makes it obligatory for political parties to remove leaders charged with “heinous and grievous” crimes like rape, murder and kidnapping, only to a name a few, and refuse ticket to offenders in both parliamentary and Assembly polls.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Grounds for disqualification</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Parliament has the power to make a law in respect to the issue of qualification and disqualification of the membership in case:</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">He holds any office of profit under the Government of India or of any state, other than an office declared by a law of Parliament not to disqualify its holder.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> He is of unsound mind and stand so declared by a competent court.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> He is an undischarged insolvent.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> He is not a citizen of India or has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a foreign state, or is under any acknowledgement or allegiance or adherence to a foreign state, and</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is he so disqualified by or under any law of Parliament. It applies to the case of 'defection' as prescribed in tenth schedule.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Any dispute about the disqualification of a Member of Parliament shall be referred to the President, who will take a decision on the advice of the Election Commission and decision shall be final according to the article 103.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> In case of disqualification on grounds of defection, the matter will be decided by speaker or chairman or Rajya Sabha as the case may be.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The representation of people act, 1951 also lays down certain conditions for disqualification of MPs and MLAs.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">They are as follows:</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">He must not have been convicted by a court of any offence and sentenced to imprisonment for a period of more than two years.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">He must not have been found guilty by a court or on election tribunal of certain election or corrupt practices in the elections.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">He must not have been dismissed for corruption or disloyalty from government services.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">He must not have failed to lodge on his election expenses within time and in a manner prescribed by law.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">He must not have any interest in government contracts, execution of government work or services.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">He must not be a director or managing agent nor hold an office of profit under any corporation in which the government has any financial interest.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'ec-tells-supreme-court', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/110c/j9rhhll3nlyzw1h6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/110c/j9rhhll3nlyzw1h6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'EC tells Supreme Court, criminally tainted candidates', 'metakeyword' => 'EC tells Supreme Court, criminally tainted candidates must not get tickets', 'metadescription' => 'The Supreme Court has agreed to examine a proposition made by the Election Commission (EC) to ask political parties to not give ticket to those with criminal', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/k31z9938e5iq5xi/EC_tells_Supreme_Court.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 25 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3514, 'title' => 'The Bodo accord', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Centre, the Assam government and Bodo groups, including all factions of the militant National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB), have signed an agreement for peace and development. </span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In 2003, the second Bodo Accord was signed by the extremist group Bodo Liberation Tiger Force (BLTF), the Centre and the state. This led to the BTC. BTC is an autonomous body under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The most significant point is that Accord marks the end of the armed movement. The coming of all factions of the armed groups together to sign the Accord is a big achievement.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The new Accord provides for alteration of area of BTAD and provisions for Bodos outside BTAD. A commission appointed by the state government will examine and recommend if villages contiguous to BTAD and with a majority tribal population can be included into the BTR while those now in BTAD and with a majority non-tribal population can opt out of the BTR.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government will set up a Bodo-Kachari Welfare Council for focused development of Bodo villages outside BTAD, which opens up a way to potentially address the needs of Bodos outside BTAD.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It provides for more legislative, executive, administrative and financial powers to BTC; and amendments to the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution to “improve the financial resources and administrative powers of Bodoland Territorial Council.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Bodos</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bodo are a Tibeto-Burmese-speaking ethnic group in Assam. They are a part of the greater Bodo-Kachari family of ethnolinguistic groups and are spread across northeastern India and clustered strongly in Assam, along the eastern Duars.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Bodos are the single largest community among the notified Scheduled Tribes in Assam. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bodo people are recognized as a plains tribe in the <strong>Sixth</strong> Schedule of the Indian Constitution.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Traditionally, Bodos practiced <strong>Bathouism</strong>, which is the worshiping of forefathers, known as Obonglaoree. The shijou tree (in the genus Euphorbia) is taken as the symbol of Bathou and worshiped.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In addition to Bathouism, Bodo people also follow Hinduism, especially <strong>Hoom</strong> <strong>Jaygya</strong>. The important Hindu festival is the <strong>Kherai Puja</strong>, where an altar is placed in a rice field.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'the-bodo-accord', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4dae/8ynbl9uxgpbqj0d6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4dae/8ynbl9uxgpbqj0d6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'The Bodo accord', 'metakeyword' => 'The Bodo accord', 'metadescription' => 'The Centre, the Assam government and Bodo groups, including all factions of the militant National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB), ', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/lty4fkzbuf6pw0z/The_Bodo_accord.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 26 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3579, 'title' => 'Home ministry denies existence of ‘Love Jihad’', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Centre said the term ‘Love Jihad’ is not defined under the law, and no such case has been reported by any of the Central agencies.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was based on a question by Congress MP Benny Behanan on whether Central agencies have reported any case of ‘Love Jihad’ from Kerala during the past two years and if so, the details thereof.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Union Minister of State for Home G. Kishan Reddy said <strong>Article 25</strong> of the Constitution<strong> </strong>provides for the freedom to profess, practice and propagate religion subject to public order, morality and health. Various courts, including the Kerala High Court, have upheld this view.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The statement comes in the wake of protests against the stance of the Syrian-Malabar church on ‘love jihad’ in the second week of January. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Church had then called for inquiries into instances of ‘love jihad’ in which Christian girls fell victims to inter-religious love affairs. In some cases, such girls also joined terrorist organisations such as the Islamic State.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Love Jihad</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Love Jihad or Romeo Jihad is the alleged effort by Muslim men in targeting women belonging to non-Muslim communities for conversion to Islam by using love.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The concept first rose to national attention in India in 2009, with claims of widespread conversions in Kerala and Karnataka, but claims have subsequently spread throughout India and beyond, into Pakistan and the United Kingdom.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'home-ministry-denies-existence-of-love-jihad', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5924/k7o1neb29mk6vq56g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5924/k7o1neb29mk6vq56g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Home ministry denies existence of ‘Love Jihad’', 'metakeyword' => 'Home ministry denies existence of ‘Love Jihad’', 'metadescription' => 'The Centre said the term ‘Love Jihad’ is not defined under the law, and no such case has been reported by any of the Central agencies.', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/61jfgccrf2g4ad0/Home_ministry_denies_existence_of_%E6Love_Jihad%C6.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 27 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3591, 'title' => 'Ayodhya Ram Temple Trust', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Union Cabinet has cleared the formation of a Trust for the construction of Ram temple in Ayodhya. The Trust, which is called the Shri Ram Janmbhoomi Teerth Kshetra, will include 15 members, of which one will be a Dalit.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Supreme Court had allowed the construction of a Ram temple at the site of the demolished Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, and ordered handing over another 5-acre plot to the Uttar Pradesh Sunni Waqf Board for the mosque.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">One of the five suits before the court in the Babri Masjid case was in the name of the deity itself, Sri Ram Lalla Virajman, and of the birthplace, Asthan Shri Ram Janmabhoomi. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This suit was founded on the claim that the law recognises both the idol and the birthplace as juridical entities. The court did not accept the Janmasthan as a juridical entity.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It awarded the title of the land to Ram Lalla, to be held by the Trust that the Court said should be set up within three months. This Trust is the Shri Ram Janmbhoomi Teerth Kshetra.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Court had said that the scheme to be framed by the Centre should make necessary provisions about the functioning of the Trust or the body, including on matters relating to its management, the powers of the trustees including the construction of a temple and all necessary, incidental and supplemental matters.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Trust will get the possession of the inner and outer courtyards along with the rest of the acquired land, which will be managed and developed by the Shri Ram Janmbhoomi Teerth Kshetra.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The court used its powers under Article 142 to direct that appropriate representation may be given in the Trust to the Nirmohi Akhara.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'ayodhya-ram-temple-trust', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5380/4faubv6cnsrlyzb6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5380/4faubv6cnsrlyzb6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Ayodhya Ram Temple Trust | Ayodhya Ram Temple', 'metakeyword' => 'Ayodhya Ram Temple Trust, Ayodhya Ram Temple. Ram mandir', 'metadescription' => 'The Union Cabinet has cleared the formation of a Trust for the construction of Ram temple in Ayodhya. The Trust, which is called the Shri Ram Janmbhoomi', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/ppc3mi11x7plfeb/Ayodhya_Ram_Temple_Trust.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 28 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3640, 'title' => 'Notifying new Scheduled Tribes', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Lok Sabha<strong> </strong>passed The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2019 by voice vote. The Bill seeks to include the <strong>Parivara</strong> and the <strong>Talawara</strong> communities in the ST category to ensure they get reservation and other benefits provided by the government.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The legislation had been brought in relation to one State and assured the members that the government would take cognizance of their demands.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Article 342</strong>, prescribes procedure to be followed in the matter of specification of scheduled tribes.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>President</strong> may, with respect to any State or Union territory, and where it is a state, after consultation with the Governor there of by public notification, specify the tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within tribes or tribal communities which shall, for the purposes of this constitution, is deemed to be scheduled tribes in relation to that state or Union Territory, as the case may be.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Parliament</strong> may by law include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled tribes specified in a notification issued under clause(1) any tribe or tribal community or part of or group within any tribe or tribal community. These orders can be modified subsequently only through an Act of Parliament.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The list of Scheduled Tribes is State/UT specific and a community declared as a Scheduled Tribe in a State need not be so in another State.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>criteria</strong> presently followed for specification of a community as a Scheduled Tribe are : (i) indications of primitive traits, (ii) distinctive culture, (iii) geographical isolation, (iv) shyness of contact with the community at large, and (v) backwardness. However, these criteria are not spelt out in the Constitution.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Tribal population in India</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The tribal population of the country, as per 2011 census, is 10.43 crore, constituting 8.6% of the total population. 89.97% of them live in rural areas and 10.03% in urban areas. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The decadal population growth of the tribal’s from Census 2001 to 2011 has been 23.66% against the 17.69% of the entire population. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The sex ratio for the overall population is 940 females per 1000 males and that of Scheduled Tribes 990 females per thousand males.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Broadly the STs inhabit two distinct geographical area – the Central India and the North- Eastern Area. More than half of the Scheduled Tribe population is concentrated in Central India, i.e., Madhya Pradesh (14.69%), Chhattisgarh (7.5%), Jharkhand (8.29%), Andhra Pradesh (5.7%), Maharashtra (10.08%), Orissa (9.2%), Gujarat (8.55%) and Rajasthan (8.86%). </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The other distinct area is the North East (Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh).</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">More than two-third of the ST population is concentrated only in the seven States of the country, viz. Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">There is no ST population in 3 States (Delhi NCR, Punjab and Haryana) and 2 UTs (Puducherry and Chandigarh), as no Scheduled Tribe is notified.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'notifying-new-scheduled-tribes', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/6716/oazrvp9dna6ksdj6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/6716/oazrvp9dna6ksdj6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Notifying new Scheduled Tribes', 'metakeyword' => 'Notifying new Scheduled Tribes', 'metadescription' => 'The Lok Sabha passed The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2019 by voice vote. The Bill seeks to include the Parivara', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/o77u9575ht0021t/Notifying_new_Scheduled_Tribes.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 29 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3649, 'title' => 'Union cabinet clears bill to regulate pesticides', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Union Cabinet has approved the Pesticides<strong> </strong>Management Bill, 2020, which, the government claims, will regulate the business of pesticides and compensate farmers in case of losses from the use of spurious agro chemicals.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The ministers said that Pesticides Management Bill will be introduced in this session. Today the pesticide business is regulated by 1968 rules which have become age-old and need immediate rewriting.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The farmers would also be empowered to get all information as the data would be in open source and in all languages. They will know about the strength and weakness of pesticides, the risk and alternatives and this will be an open data in digital format also.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In February 2018, the Centre released a draft of the pesticides Bill that aims to replace the existing Insecticides Act of 1968. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A key proposal in the 2018 version of the Bill was to raise penalties on the sale of prohibited or spurious pesticides to ?50 lakh and up to five years’ imprisonment, from the current ?2,000 and up to three years imprisonment.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">If there is any loss because of the spurious or low quality of pesticides then there is a provision for compensations This is the unique feature of this Bill. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The existing draft provides inadequate representation to States in both pesticide board and the registration committee. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The States should have a say in final decision making on pesticide, as they have the best understanding on the agro-ecological climate, environment and soil conditions.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'union-cabinet-clears-bill-to-regulate-pesticides', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/f295/wgdxr54x6eryipg6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/f295/wgdxr54x6eryipg6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Union cabinet clears bill to regulate pesticides', 'metakeyword' => 'Union cabinet clears bill to regulate pesticides', 'metadescription' => 'The Union Cabinet has approved the Pesticides Management Bill, 2020, which, the government claims, will regulate the business of pesticides', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/8i6dw1a44m5vso7/Union_cabinet_clears_bill_to_regulate_pesticides.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 30 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3661, 'title' => 'Two child norms debate', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Shiv Sena Rajya Sabha member Anil Desai introduced a Private Member’s Bill in the Rajya Sabha. The Bill proposes incentives in taxation, education and employment for people who limit their family size to two children.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill has sought the incorporation of a new provision, Article 47A in Part IV of the Constitution, to withdraw all concessions from people who fail to adhere to the “small-family” norm.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill aims to amend the Constitution in order to incentivise limiting families to two children by offering tax concessions, priority in social benefit schemes and school admissions, among other things.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill proposes the insertion of Article 47A after Article 47 of the Constitution.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Article 47A</strong> says the following: The State shall promote small family norms by offering incentives in taxes, employment, education etc. to its people who keep their family limited to two children and shall withdraw every concession from and deprive such incentives to those not adhering to small family norm, to keep the growing population under control.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Need for two child norms</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">India’s population rate has overrun the ability of the environment to cater to. This has caused stress on the limited resources of the country.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The higher population has not resulted in higher productivity rate in terms of creation of wealth instead the per capita wealth has depriciated.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Women are forced to undergo multiple pregnancies over a short period of time. This has created adverse effect on their health leading to their death in some cases.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Drawbacks of two child norms</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will increase the cases of mass sterilization especially by poor women belonging to backward area. This may result in deaths of women due to improper procedures.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The replacement rate of the old population will decrease significantly due to which the number of working age population will reduce drastically.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'two-child-norms-debate', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/398c/4bnpkl2afj8wpk66g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/398c/4bnpkl2afj8wpk66g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Two child norms debate', 'metakeyword' => 'Two child norms debate', 'metadescription' => 'Shiv Sena Rajya Sabha member Anil Desai introduced a Private Member’s Bill in the Rajya Sabha. The Bill proposes incentives in taxation, education ', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/piyp5iq62maeah4/Two_child_norms_debate.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 31 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3798, 'title' => 'Zonal Councils', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Union Home Minister Amit Shah will chair the 24th meeting of the Eastern Zonal Council, comprising States of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal, scheduled to be held in Bhubaneswar.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Issues such as inter-State water dispute, power transmission, coal royalty, forest clearance for railway and other infrastructure projects and extension of banking and telecom services in rural pockets will figure in the discussion.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Zonal Councils are advisory councils and are made up of the states of India that have been grouped into five zones to foster cooperation among them. These were set up vide <strong>Part-III</strong> of the <strong>States Reorganisation Act, 1956.</strong></span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The North Eastern states are not covered by any of the Zonal Councils and their special problems are addressed by another statutory body, the North Eastern Council, created by the <strong>North Eastern Council Act, 1971</strong>.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Various Zonal councils</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Northern Zonal Council, comprising the States of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, National Capital Territory of Delhi and Union Territory of Chandigarh;</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Central Zonal Council, comprising the States of Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh;</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Eastern Zonal Council, comprising the States of Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Sikkim and West Bengal;</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Western Zonal Council, comprising the States of Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra and the Union Territories of Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli;</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Southern Zonal Council, comprising the States of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Puducherry.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Structure</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Chairman</strong> - The Union Home Minister is the Chairman of each of these Councils.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Vice</strong> <strong>Chairman</strong> - The Chief Ministers of the States included in each zone act as Vice-Chairman of the Zonal Council for that zone by rotation, each holding office for a period of one year at a time.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Members</strong>- Chief Minister and two other Ministers as nominated by the Governor from each of the States and two members from Union Territories included in the zone.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Advisers</strong>- One person nominated by the Planning Commission for each of the Zonal Councils, Chief Secretaries and another officer/Development Commissioner nominated by each of the States included in the Zone</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Union Ministers</strong> are also invited to participate in the meetings of Zonal Councils depending upon necessity.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Objectives and functions</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The main <strong>objectives</strong> of setting up of Zonal Councils are as under:</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Bringing out national integration;</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Arresting the growth of acute State consciousness, regionalism, linguism and particularistic tendencies;</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Enabling the Centre and the States to co-operate and exchange ideas and experiences;</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Establishing a climate of co-operation amongst the States for successful and speedy execution of development projects.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In particular, a Zonal Council may discuss, and make recommendations with regard to:</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">any matter of common interest in the field of economic and social planning;</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">any matter concerning border disputes, linguistic minorities or inter-State transport;</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">any matter connected with or arising out of, the re-organization of the States under the States Reorganisation Act.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'zonal-councils', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/b5ea/mivceyvy9op052v6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/b5ea/mivceyvy9op052v6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Zonal Councils | Eastern Zonal Council', 'metakeyword' => 'Zonal Councils, Eastern Zonal Council', 'metadescription' => 'Union Home Minister Amit Shah will chair the 24th meeting of the Eastern Zonal Council, comprising States of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/x1mhkazq0zoo8gg/Zonal_Councils.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 32 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3952, 'title' => 'Notified disaster', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Ministry of Home Affairs has decided to <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/coronavirus-saarc-countries-video-conference-narendra-modi-pakistan-6314802/">treat COVID-19 as a notified disaster</a> for the purpose of providing assistance under the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF).</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In a similar move, US President Donald Trump declared a national emergency in the country on Friday invoking the Stafford Act, as per which, the federal government contributes about 75 percent to the cost of relief for states.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">According to the Disaster Management Act, a disaster is defined as the following, “a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man made causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area”.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Further, citing the High Power Committee on Disaster Management, which was constituted in 1999, it identified 31 disaster categories organised into five major sub-groups, which are: water and climate related disasters, geological related disasters, chemical, industrial and nuclear related disasters and biological related disasters, which includes biological disasters and epidemics.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The SDRF is constituted under the Disaster Management Act, 2005 and is the primary fund available with state governments for responses to notified disasters. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Central government contributes 75 per cent towards the SDRF allocation for general category states and UTs, and over 90 per cent for special category states/UTs, which includes northeastern states, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand).</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The National Disaster Response Fund, which is also constituted under the Disaster Management Act, 2005 supplements the SDRF of a state, in case of a disaster of severe nature, provided adequate funds are not available in the SDRF.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The disasters covered under the SDRF include cyclones, droughts, tsunamis, hailstorms, landslides, avalanches and pest attacks among others.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>National Calamity</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">As of now, there is no executive or legal provision to declare a national calamity. In 2001, the National Committee on Disaster Management under then Prime Minister was mandated to look into the parameters that should define a national calamity. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">However, the committee did not suggest any fixed criterion. In the past, there have been demands from states to declare certain events as natural disasters, such as the Uttarakhand flood in 2013, Cyclone Hudhud in Andhra Pradesh in 2014, and the Assam floods of 2015.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'notified-disaster', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/fb03/0b7z3so31c10snk6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/fb03/0b7z3so31c10snk6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Notified disaster', 'metakeyword' => 'Notified disaster', 'metadescription' => 'The Ministry of Home Affairs has decided to treat COVID-19 as a notified disaster for the purpose of providing assistance under the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF).', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/gi77kz7wvf3jklv/4.Notified_disaster.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 33 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 3979, 'title' => 'Uncertainity over NPR', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">At least 13 States, and Delhi, covering almost 60% of the total population of India, are opposed to the revision of the National Population Register (NPR) in the format being prepared by the Centre, even as the nationwide exercise is scheduled to kick off in barely two weeks time on April 1.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Home minister has told that people could choose to not respond to questions, but Chief Ministers and activists have said that this is no guarantee that they would not face any problems in the future.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) had informed the Lok Sabha that it was in discussion with States that had expressed concerns over the controversial additional questions in the NPR form. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The MHA had informed a parliamentary panel that during works towards updating the NPR 2020, it is proposed to collect data on some additional items like place of last residence, mother tongue, Aadhaar number (voluntary), mobile number, passport (Indian passport holder), voter ID card, driving license number, date and place of birth of father and mother.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Activists have pointed out that as the law stands, not providing information for the NPR can be an offence and the NPR could be used for identifying genuine citizens and doubtful ones.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">West Bengal was the first State to announce that it would not canvass the NPR form during the census operations, followed by Kerala. Both States have put the NPR exercise on on hold.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'uncertainity-over-npr', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4703/puozvmowaex232f6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4703/puozvmowaex232f6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Uncertainity over NPR', 'metakeyword' => 'Uncertainity over NPR', 'metadescription' => 'At least 13 States, and Delhi, covering almost 60% of the total population of India, are opposed to the revision of the National Population Register (NPR)', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/w6g8ais4tl8wgjk/1.Uncertainty_over_NPR.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 34 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 4165, 'title' => 'MPLADS funds', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> The Union Cabinet has given its nod to the temporary suspension of MPLAD Funds during 2020-21 and 2021-22 in view of the adverse impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 in India.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Cabinet has approved an ordinance to reduce the salaries, allowances and pensions of Members of Parliament (MPs), including the Prime Minister, by 30 per cent for one year and the amount would be utilised in the fight against coronavirus.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) is a programme first launched during the Narasimha Rao Government in 1993, aimed towards providing funds for developmental works recommended by individual MPs.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The MPs were entitled to recommend works to the tune of Rs 1 crore annually between 1994-95 and 1997-98, after which the annual entitlement was enhanced to Rs 2 crore.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The objective of the scheme is to enable MPs to recommend works of developmental nature with emphasis on the creation of durable community assets based on the locally felt needs to be taken up in their Constituencies. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Right from inception of the Scheme, durable assets of national priorities viz. drinking water, primary education, public health, sanitation and roads, etc. are being created.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The guidelines recommend MPs to suggest works costing at least 15 per cent of their MPLADS entitlement for the year for areas inhabited by Scheduled Caste population and 7.5 per cent for areas inhabited by ST population.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">To implement their plans in an area, MPs have to recommend them to the District Authority of the respective Nodal District. The District Authorities then identify Implementing Agencies which execute the projects.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The guidelines lay down a number of development works, including construction of railway halt stations, providing financial assistance to recognised educational bodies, cooperative societies, bar associations, installing CCTV cameras, and rainwater harvesting systems.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The MPLADS funds can be merged with other schemes such as MGNREGA and Khelo India. MPLADS was held constitutionally valid by the Supreme Court in its May 6, 2010 judgement.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'mplads-funds', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/948e/tlq3mxfuq9sp8vx6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/948e/tlq3mxfuq9sp8vx6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'MPLADS funds', 'metakeyword' => 'MPLADS funds', 'metadescription' => 'The Union Cabinet has given its nod to the temporary suspension of MPLAD Funds during 2020-21 and 2021-22 in view of the adverse impact of the outbreak of COVID-19', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/9rf8mmde9n2n6k7/4.MPLADS_funds.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 35 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 5052, 'title' => 'Postal ballots', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Election Commission has announced that it will allow those above the age of 65 as well as those under home or institutional quarantine to vote using postal ballots during the Bihar elections.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A restricted set of voters can exercise postal voting. Through this facility, a voter can cast her vote remotely by recording her preference on the ballot paper and sending it back to the election officer before counting.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Members of the armed forces like the Army, Navy, and Air Force, members of the armed police force of a state (serving outside the state), government employees posted outside India, and their spouses are entitled to vote only by post. In other words, they can’t vote in person. Voters under preventive detention can also vote only by post.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Special voters such as the President of India, Vice President, Governors, Union Cabinet ministers, Speaker of the House, and government officers on poll duty have the option to vote by post. But they have to apply through a prescribed form to avail this facility.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Recently, the Law Ministry, at the Election Commission’s behest, introduced a new category of ‘absentee voters’, who can now also opt for postal voting. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These are voters employed in essential services and unable to cast their vote due to their service conditions. Currently, officials of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation, Northern Railway (Passenger and Freight) Services, and media persons are notified as absentee voters.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Returning Officer is supposed to print ballot papers within 24 hours of the last date of nomination withdrawal and dispatch them within a day. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This is done so that the ballot papers reach the concerned voter well before the polling date and she has enough time to send it back before the counting day.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">After receiving it, the voter can mark her preference with a tick mark or cross mark against the candidate’s name. They also have to fill up a duly attested declaration to the effect that they have marked the ballot paper. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The opposition parties have opposed the move saying that it will lead to malpractices and foul play by those parties which are in power and having resources.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The Commission defended itself saying senior citizens are at a higher risk of contracting Covid-19 infection and the decision to allow them to vote via postal ballots was made to minimise their exposure in public.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'postal-ballots', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e8c6/sdzvi4cxzlxx72s6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e8c6/sdzvi4cxzlxx72s6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Postal ballots', 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reached]], '[repository]' => 'sitebanners' } ] $params = [ (int) 0 => 'miscellaneous-1' ] $b = [ 'name' => 'Miscellaneous', 'link' => 'https://currentaffairs.studyiq.com/tags/miscellaneous-1' ] $currentaffair = object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Miscellaneous', 'keyword' => 'miscellaneous-1', 'id' => (int) 5052, 'title' => 'Postal ballots', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Election Commission has announced that it will allow those above the age of 65 as well as those under home or institutional quarantine to vote using postal ballots during the Bihar elections.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A restricted set of voters can exercise postal voting. Through this facility, a voter can cast her vote remotely by recording her preference on the ballot paper and sending it back to the election officer before counting.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Members of the armed forces like the Army, Navy, and Air Force, members of the armed police force of a state (serving outside the state), government employees posted outside India, and their spouses are entitled to vote only by post. In other words, they can’t vote in person. Voters under preventive detention can also vote only by post.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Special voters such as the President of India, Vice President, Governors, Union Cabinet ministers, Speaker of the House, and government officers on poll duty have the option to vote by post. But they have to apply through a prescribed form to avail this facility.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Recently, the Law Ministry, at the Election Commission’s behest, introduced a new category of ‘absentee voters’, who can now also opt for postal voting. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These are voters employed in essential services and unable to cast their vote due to their service conditions. 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