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Tag Wise Current Affairs
Tag: Military
Dhanush Artillery Gun: OFB receives Bulk Production Clearance
Tags: Military
Published on: 20 February 2019
Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile successfully test fired
Tags: Military
Published on: 27 February 2019
IAF commissions development of aerial surveillance system
Tags: Military
Published on: 25 February 2019
DRDO lab develops combat drugs to reduce casualties in warfare
Tags: Military
Published on: 12 March 2019
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'title' => 'Dhanush Artillery Gun: OFB receives Bulk Production Clearance ',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Union Ministry of Defence and Indian Army has given Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) bulk production clearance (BPC) for production of 114 'Dhanush Artillery Guns’. This makes Dhanush first long rang 155mm x 45 calibre artillery gun to be produced in India under 'Make in India' initiative.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Dhanush Artillery Guns</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is developed by Ordnance Factory Board (OFB), Kolkata based on requirements of Indian Army and manufactured by Jabalpur-based Gun Carriage Factory (GCF).</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also called desi Bofors as it is upgraded version of Swedish 155-mm Bofors howitzers, which India procured in mid-1980s, based on its original designs. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It also been electronically upgraded to enhance the firing accuracies, laying speeds of the existing gun and to provide compatibility with various kinds of ammo as well.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its armament system comprises barrel, breech mechanism, muzzle brake and recoil mechanism to fire 155 mm calibre ammunitions. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has strike range of 38 kilometres (11 km more than imported Bofors guns) with high accuracy and precision. Depending on type of ammunition used it can provide greater fire power.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is equipped with inertial navigation-based sighting system, on-board ballistic computation, auto-laying facility and advanced day and night direct firing system. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can accommodate both boll bags and bi-modular charge system (BMCS) which have resulted in increasing range.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has several significant advance features including all-electric drive, high mobility, quick deployability, auxiliary power mode, advanced communication system and automated command and control system. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has six round magazine as compared to standard three round. It weighs slightly more than normal artillery guns due to larger chamber. It has been mechanically upgraded to fire standard NATO 155 mm ammunition. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Ordnance Factories Board (OFB) </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is industrial organisation, functioning under Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence. It was established in 1775 and is headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is the world's largest government-operated production organization and oldest organisation run by Central Government.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is engaged in research, development, production, testing, marketing and logistics of a comprehensive product range in the areas of air, land and sea systems. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It comprises 41 Ordnance Factories, nine Training Institutes, three Regional Marketing Centres and four Regional Controllerates of Safety, which are spread all across the country.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is often called "Fourth Arm of Defence” and "Force Behind Armed Forces of India”. It is amongst top 50 defence equipment manufacturers in the world.</span></span></span></li>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully test fired indigenously developed Quick Reach Surface-to-Air missiles (QRSAM) from Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur, off the Odisha Coast.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In this test, two missiles were tested for different altitude and conditions. They were fired from canister mounted on rotatable truck-based launch unit positioned at launching complex-III of ITR. All the mission objectives have been met in this test.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Quick Reach Surface-to-Air missiles (QRSAM)</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is next-generation sleek short-range air defence system. It is highly mobile air defence system which can destroy multiple targets at distance upto 30 km.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been indigenously developed by DRDO. Its development was sanctioned in 2014, the missile was first tested in 2017. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is an all-weather and all-terrain missile with electronic counter measures against jamming by aircraft radars. It has strike range of 30kms.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can be mounted on truck and is stored in canister. It employs dual thrust propulsion stage using high-energy solid propellant.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is capable of tracking and destroying aerial targets, fighter aircraft, short range and cruise missiles. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has 100% kill probability and can deceive enemy radars making it difficult to be detected.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Once inducted, it will be deployed at border and is expected to supplement surface-to-air missile Akash. It will significantly boost defence capabilities of armed forces.</span></span></span></li>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Air Force (IAF) has commissioned development of aerial surveillance system using hyper spectral imagery programme to locate and identify suspicious movements along international border. <strong>It will be first of its kind system in country</strong>. It is expected to be operational in the next two years.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Aerial surveillance system</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will capture data/images through optical and infra-red sensors that will be most likely mounted on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) and processed through deep learning algorithms.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be having multi-sensor data fusion to be used for monitoring suspicious movements under dense foliage cover along international border and some parts within the country. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Data gathered from aerial sources will be processed within minutes and will help security forces on ground of unwanted human presence in area, their numbers and locations, among other inputs.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">For this, IAF has roped in senior researcher and lead technologist of Indian origin from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as the chief technologist for the programme.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will help to identify presence of human below trees, dense foliage, shrubs or inside a structure, whether it is day or night. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can detect human presence from air even if there a cloud cover, dense fog or snow cover.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This technology also can be deployed in agriculture for monitoring drought, diseases and nutrient stress or identifying soil moisture.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'BEL launches atmospheric water generator ',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Defence PSU Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL) launched Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG) that can generate water straight from humidity present in the atmosphere. It is innovative solution to meet ever-increasing need for drinking water worldwide.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG)</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been manufactured by BEL in collaboration with CSIR-IICT and MAITHRI, a start-up company based in Hyderabad.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It employs novel technology to extract water from humidity present in atmosphere and purify it. It is configurable in static and mobile (vehicular) versions</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It uses heat exchange for condensing atmospheric moisture to produce pure, safe and clean potable water.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can be used to provide drinking water in community centres and public places like health care centres, schools, colleges, offices, bus stands, airports, railway stations, sea ports, off-shore oil rigs, remote field areas, military establishments and remote establishments and residential complexes.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It comes with Mineralisation Unit, which is used to add essential minerals which are required to make the water potable. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is state-owned leading defence electronics company. It is one of nine PSUs under Ministry of Defence. It has been accorded Navratna status. It is headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka. </span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'Pinaka guided weapons system successfully test fired',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Defence Research and Development organisation (DRDO) successfully test fired indigenously developed PINAKA guided WEAPON rocket system (Pinaka Mark II) from Pokhran range in Rajasthan. During the test, the weapon systems impacted intended targets with high precision and achieved desired mission objective with high accuracies. It will significantly boost capability of the artillery to make precision hits.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">PINAKA guided WEAPON rocket system</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also dubbed as Pinaka Mark II. It is upgraded version of unguided Pinaka Mark-I rocket system. It is named after Pinaka, the bow of Lord Shiva.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is jointly developed by Armament Research & Development Establishment (ARDE), Pune and Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), Hyderabad and Research Centre, Imarat (RCI).</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is equipped with state-of-the-art guidance kit comprising of advanced navigation and control system. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is fired using multi-barrel rocket launcher (MBRL) which can fire 12 Rockets loaded with explosives within 44 seconds and destroy target area of 4 sq km at a time. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Being guided version, it has considerably enhanced range and accuracy (estimated to be between 60m-80m at all ranges) as compared to unguided one.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has capability to incorporate several types of conventional warheads makes it deadly for enemy as it can even destroy solid structures and bunkers. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its quick reaction time and high rate of fire gives it edge for armed forces using it during low amount conflict situation. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It already has been inducted into Indian Army in large numbers. Its earlier version was used during Kargil War and had demonstrated high efficacy by successfully neutralising enemy positions on the mountain tops. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
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'title' => 'WHO launches new strategy to fight flu pandemics',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Health Organization (WHO) launched new strategy to protect people worldwide over next decade against threat of influenza, warning that new pandemics are inevitable. Its new strategy aims to prevent seasonal influenza, control virus’s spread from animals to humans and prepare for next pandemic. It will be for period from 2019 to 2030.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">WHO’s new strategy 2019 to 2030</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It calls for every country to strengthen routine health programmes and to develop tailor-made influenza programmes that strengthen disease surveillance, response, prevention, control, and preparedness.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It recommends annual flu vaccines as most effective way to prevent spread of disease, especially for healthcare workers and people at higher risk of influenza complications.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It also calls for development of more effective and more accessible vaccines and antiviral treatments. It calls for regular updating of vaccine formulas due to mutating strains of influenza.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It urges broader use of seasonal vaccines, which not only protect vulnerable populations but also help prepare countries to rapidly deploy vaccines in the case of a pandemic. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Under it, WHO will expand partnerships to increase research, innovation and availability of new and improved vaccines and other tools to fight influenza.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will also have benefits beyond fight against influenza, since it will also increase detection of other infectuous diseases including Ebola.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">According to WHO, Influenza epidemics, largely seasonal, affect around one billion people and kill hundreds of thousands annually. It describes it as one of the world’s greatest public health challenges. The world has suffered through number of devastating influenzas pandemics, including Spanish Flu, which in 1918 killed millions of people globally. After that three pandemics have occurred since—in 1957, 1968 and in 2009—when H1N1 swine flu pandemic claimed around 18,500 lives in 214 countries.</span></span></p>
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'tag' => 'Military',
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'title' => 'DRDO lab develops combat drugs to reduce casualties in warfare',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) has indigenously developed range of 'combat casualty drugs' that can help to reduce casualties in warfare and terror activities. These drugs can extend golden hour till injured soldier/trooper is shifted to hospital. INMAS is laboratory of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Need for combat drugs</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">During warfare or terror attack on security forces, 90% of gravely wounded security personnel succumb to injuries within few hours. In these cases, chances of survival and minimum disability are highest when effective first aid care is given within golden hour.The main battlefield emergencies are excess bleeding, shock, hypovolemia (decreased blood volume), sepsis and pain. Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) also has recommended cost-effective drugs to be inducted into paramilitary forces and efforts are on with other armed forces under Defence Ministry for induction.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">INMAS combat casualty drugs</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It includes bleeding wound sealants, super absorptive dressings and glycerated salines. Some of them are</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Glycerated saline</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is battlefield intravenous fluid that does not freeze till -18 degrees Celsius. It is useful in handling trauma cases in high altitude areas.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Unlike normal saline, it reduces inflammation. It can be lifesaving, in case in traumatic edema, collection of fluid in tissues and cavities of body is in brain or lungs. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has lifesaving capacities as it gives more time to medical personnel to shift wounded patient to higher care facility.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Special medicated dressing material </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is cellulose fibre-based dressings which is more effective in stopping bleeding and keeping wound clean.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is 200 times more absorptive than normal dressings during bleeding wounds. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In it, antiseptics, antibiotics and curcumin can be impregnated which acts as slow drug release system.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Chitosan gel</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It which helps in preventing blood loss by forming film over wound. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is coupled with platelets and red blood cells aggregation and it stops bleeding. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its antibacterial and wound health properties are of added benefit. It is suitable for sealing wounds by twin action: haemostasis by chemical action and filing action. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can be used for wounds on the limbs and also cavities such as abdomen and thorax.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can be poured onto wound and held with physical pressure for few minutes till the bleeding stops.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">H<strong>ypochlorous acid (HoCL)</strong></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is disinfectant for troopers involved in jungle warfare. It is helpful in treating necrotising fascitis, a rapidly progressing bacterial infection of soft tissues. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Bacterial toxins cause local tissue damage and necrosis as well as blunt immune system responses. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In such cases, pure 0.01</span>% <span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">HoCL has both broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and can rapidly neutralise bacterial toxins.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its use does not obviate need for antibiotic but augments treatment and speed of wounds healing. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It also reduces need for undesirable side effects and antibiotics resistance.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Benefits </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These indigenously made medicines will be boon for paramilitary and defence personnel during warfare</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">They can save lives of security personnel in event of warfare in jungle and high altitude areas as well as in terror attacks.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">They will also ensure that soldiers do not suffer from unwanted blood loss while being taken to a better healthcare from war zones</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS) </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is laboratory of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). It was established in 1961. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It does biomedical and clinical research with special reference to ionizing radiation. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also involved in nuclear medicine research and responding to nuclear explosions accidents.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is first institute in world to offer formal training program in nuclear medicine. It offers two-year diploma in radiation medicine. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'id' => (int) 1739,
'title' => 'INS Sagardhwani flagged off for Sagar Maitri Mission 2',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Oceanographic research vessel of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), INS Sagardhwani was recently flagged off for scientific venture called ‘ Marine & Allied Interdisciplinary Training and Research Initiative (MAITRI) aka Sagar Maitri Mission 2.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Sagar Maitri Mission 2</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Conceptualized by DRDO is in consonance with Government’s vision of ‘Safety And Growth of All in the Region (SAGAR)’ to promote closer cooperation in socio-economic aspects, as well as greater scientific interaction, especially in ocean research in underwater acoustics, among Indian Ocean Region (IOR) countries. MAITRI is specific scientific of this vision and component of DRDO.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It commemorates Golden Jubilee Celebrations of India’s lone research ship INS Kistna’s missions as part of historic International Indian Ocean Expeditions(IIOE), which took place during 1962-65.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In this mission, INS Sagardhwani will revisit selected tracks of INS Kistna and provide NPOL scientists ample opportunities to collaborate and garner close working relationship with oceanographic counterparts of the IOR countries.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Objectives:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> (i) Data collection from entire North Indian Ocean, (ii) Focus on Andaman Sea and adjoining seas, (iii) Establish long term collaboration with eight IOR countries in field of Ocean Research and Development. These eight countries include Oman, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Myanmar.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Agencies Involved:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Indian Navy and NPOL.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Ocean Research Diplomacy:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It will help to establish long term scientific collaboration with eight IOR countries in the of ‘Ocean Research & Development’ and data collection with focus in the Andaman Sea. Thus, it will help to enhancing research and strengthening relationships with South East Asian countries and is therefore being termed as SAGAR MAITRI.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About INS Sagardhwani </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was built indigenously by GRSE Ltd, Kolkata and commissioned in July 1994. It Marine Acoustic Research Ship (MARS) operated by Indian Navy and conducts of scientific and research programmes of NPOL. It is fitted with state of the art equipment, including newly fitted wave height measuring radar for conducting scientific research. In last last 25 years, it has carried out intensive oceanographic observational programmes/ research. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL):</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is a premier systems laboratory of DRDO. It is based Kochi, Kerala. It conducts ocean research experiments in the Indian waters and spearheads NPOL’s at-sea data collection activities.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => ' CRPF Women to get specially designed body gear',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">For the first time women personnel of Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) who have to face riotous mobs will soon get full body protective gear that fits them. This full body protector has been designed by team of scientists of Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), a unit of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). It will be now provided to around 300 women CRPF personnel who have been posted in Srinagar to control stone-pelting incidents.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Features of this Gear</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It covers all soft parts of human body such as rib-cage, back of the arm, inner calf, thigh and groin area of females deployed in riot control. Its designs ensure protection of vital organs of women. It is also anti-stab, anti-acid. It usage will help to increase efficiency of women. It weighs around 6 kg and provides ease of operation and also better mobility. This full body protector will be used by around 8,000 women deployed in the anti-riot Rapid Action Force (RAF). The CRPF will also use around 9,000 such pieces.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Since Independence, the women personnel had to compromise with bulky, oversized body protectors designed for men. The idea for gender- specific protective gears was first mooted at National Conference for Women in 2016.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is defence laboratory of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). It is organised under Life Sciences Directorate of DRDO. It was established in 1962 and is located in New Delhi. It conducts biomedical and physiological research to improve human performance in extreme and wartime environments. </span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'CISF launches Video Hub, encyclopedia for staff',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) has launched Securitypedia (online encyclopedia) and CISF Tube (customised video interface) for its personnel. These online digital initiatives are aimed at updating and empowering CISF personnel about security related issues, best practices in forces and latest technologies available across the world.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Securitypedia:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is portal (website) on the lines of Wikipedia. It incorporates wide gamut of security related practices across the globe. It is dyamic website containing data archives and allows force member can contribute by writing blogs on relevant professional issues. Moreover, just like Wikipedia, any member can post information or edit articles after citing authentic and verifiable sources.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">CISF Tube:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is customised video interface on the lines of YouTube. It will serve as online video database of all videos relevant to CISF. The videos available on this platform will enable CISF personnel to learn on various subjects related to their functioning</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is central armed police force under Ministry of Home Affairs. It is headquarters are at New Delhi. Its motto is “Protection and Security”.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was raised in 1969 under CISF Act, 1968 to protect major PSUs. Later it was converted to armed force with larger ambit by amending CISF Act, 1968 in 1983.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Functions:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is premier multi-skilled security agency tasked with providing security to various critical infrastructure installations both in government and private sector.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It also provides security to critical infrastructure like airports, atomic power plants, refineries, major ports, space installations, VIPs and engages in disaster management amongst others.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has about one lakh 80 thousand personnel in its ranks. It also has its own Fire Wing to response to fire emergencies/accidents.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'DRDO successfully flight-tests QRSAM',
'description' => '<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Context: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO) <strong>on 4/08/2019 successfully flight-tested its state-of-the-art Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missiles </strong>(QRSAM) against live aerial targets from Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur.</span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Highlights:</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Two missiles, </strong>developed by DRDO, were <strong>tested against two live targets </strong>meeting <strong>complete mission objectives of engaging the targets. </strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">QRSAM, with many state of the art technologies, <strong>engaged the targets at different ranges and altitudes.</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The systems have been <strong>tested in final configuration with RADAR </strong>mounted on a vehicle & <strong>missiles on the launcher.</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The systems are equipped with <strong>indigenously-developed Phased array radar, Inertial Navigation System, Data Link & RF seeker.</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The entire <strong>mission was captured by various Electro Optical Tracking Systems, Radar Systems and Telemetry Systems.</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The system is <strong>being developed for Indian Army with search and track on move capability </strong>with <strong>very short reaction time.</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The test was carried out <strong>at Chandipur, Odisha.</strong></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>About the QRSAM:</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>all-weather and all-terrain missile</strong>, which <strong>can be mounted on a truck </strong>and <strong>stored in a canister</strong>, is equipped with <strong>electronic counter measures against jamming by aircraft radars.</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">QRSAM uses <strong>solid-fuel propellant </strong>and has a <strong>range of 25-30 km.</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>first trial </strong>of the QSRAM was conducted on <strong>June 4, 2017.</strong></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Military',
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'id' => (int) 2213,
'title' => 'Indigenous Tank Ammunition',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, has approved indigenous development of ammunition for the Army’s T-72 and T-90 tanks,which would enhance the enemy armour penetration capability.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Indian Army is in the process of buying 464 T-90MS Main Battle Tanks to arm 10 armoured regiments from Russia. This can produce significant gains for the armed forces.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>T-90 MS Tanks</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The T-90MS tank is equipped with a new turret weapon station with an upgraded 125mm gun.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The tanks also sport an advanced and highly automated digital fire control system (FCS) to annihilate enemy tanks, self-propelled guns and other armoured targets.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The crew can detect, identify and destroy the targets during the day as well as night much more accurately with the help of FCS.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It also has a guided missile system which can destroy armoured targets including those equipped with explosive reactive armour (ERA) and has a ranges up to 5 kilometres.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The tank comes equipped with a protection system to insulate and help its crew operate in a Nuclear-Biological-Chemical attack environment.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'Khandheri submarine and carrier dry dock',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Indian Navy is set to induct second <em>Scorpene</em> submarine <em>Khanderi</em> on September 28 in Mumbai and the commissioning of the largest dry dock of the Indian Navy.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">INS Khanderi (2017) is the second of the Indian Navy's six Kalvari-class submarines being built in India. It is a diesel-electric attack submarine which is designed by French naval defence and energy company DCNS and being manufactured at Mazagon Dock Limited in Mumbai.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><em>Khanderi </em>was launched into the water in January 2017 and has since been undergoing a series of trials.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The first submarine of class <em>Kalvari </em>joined service in December 2017. The entire project is expected to be completed by 2020.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The third Scorpene-class submarine INS Karanj is in the advanced stages of its trials.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The fourth submarine which is under construction at MDL and named `Vela’ had touched waters after completing its outfittings. And, the last two of the Scorpene-class – Vagir and Vagsheer submarines are under construction at the MDL.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The entire process of constructing indegenous submarines were part of Indian navy’s Project 75.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Scorpene class Submarines</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The state-of-the-art submarine has superior stealth. It has the ability to launch a crippling attack on the enemy using precision-guided weapon.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has the capability to be launched in anti-surface warfare, and anti-submarine warfare.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It can be used for intelligence gathering, mine laying, and area surveillance.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This special steel ensures that the warship can withstand high yield stress. And this allows it to dive deeper.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The submarine has the capability to operate at a depth of 300 meters underwater and travel 1,020 km underwater.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has the provision to carry 18 torpedoes and tube-launched anti-ship missiles underwater and also from the surface.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has carried out two successful tests of the latest variant of the BrahMos missile, one from the land platform and the other from air.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos is developed through a collaboration between India and Russia and is one of the most advanced weapons in India’s armoury. It is an amalgam of the names of the rivers Brahmaputra and Moskva.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos is a cruise missile, meaning it can be guided towards a pre-determined land- or sea-based target. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos is classified as supersonic cruise missile with a capability to attain speeds 2.8 times that of sound (Mach 2.8).</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A newer version under development is aimed at flying at speeds greater than Mach 5. These are called hypersonic cruise missiles. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Besides decreasing the reaction time of the enemy, higher speeds also substantially reduce the chances of the missile getting intercepted.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos is being produced by BrahMos Aerospace, a joint venture company set up by DRDO and Mashinostroyenia of Russia in 1998. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The first version of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile was inducted into the Indian Navy in 2005.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos has undergone development through the early 2000s till date. Its land-to-land, submarine-fired and now air-fired variants have been developed stage by stage. Each new version has something additional compared to the previous version.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The latest test was carried out from air using the Sukhoi-30 MKI fighter jets of the Indian Air Force as the base. This was the third air-based test of the missile and marked the completion of the integration of BrahMos missile with the Sukhoi-30 MKI aircraft.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Supersonic and Hypersonic speeds</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Supersonic travel is a rate of travel of an object that exceeds the speed of sound (Mach 1).</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A hypersonic speed is one that greatly exceeds the speed of sound, often stated as starting at speeds of Mach 5 and above.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Missile triads</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A triad is a three-pronged military force structure that consists of land-launched missiles, missile-armed submarines and strategic aircraft with bombs and missiles. This, in turn, ensures a credible threat of a second strike, and thus increases a nation's deterrence.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has carried out two successful tests of the latest variant of the BrahMos missile, one from the land platform and the other from air.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos is developed through a collaboration between India and Russia and is one of the most advanced weapons in India’s armoury. It is an amalgam of the names of the rivers Brahmaputra and Moskva.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos is a cruise missile, meaning it can be guided towards a pre-determined land- or sea-based target. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos is classified as supersonic cruise missile with a capability to attain speeds 2.8 times that of sound (Mach 2.8).</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A newer version under development is aimed at flying at speeds greater than Mach 5. These are called hypersonic cruise missiles. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
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</li>
<li>
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<li>
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</li>
<li>
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</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The latest test was carried out from air using the Sukhoi-30 MKI fighter jets of the Indian Air Force as the base. This was the third air-based test of the missile and marked the completion of the integration of BrahMos missile with the Sukhoi-30 MKI aircraft.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Supersonic and Hypersonic speeds</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Supersonic travel is a rate of travel of an object that exceeds the speed of sound (Mach 1).</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Missile triads</strong></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'Dhanush Artillery Gun: OFB receives Bulk Production Clearance ', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Union Ministry of Defence and Indian Army has given Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) bulk production clearance (BPC) for production of 114 'Dhanush Artillery Guns’. This makes Dhanush first long rang 155mm x 45 calibre artillery gun to be produced in India under 'Make in India' initiative.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Dhanush Artillery Guns</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is developed by Ordnance Factory Board (OFB), Kolkata based on requirements of Indian Army and manufactured by Jabalpur-based Gun Carriage Factory (GCF).</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also called desi Bofors as it is upgraded version of Swedish 155-mm Bofors howitzers, which India procured in mid-1980s, based on its original designs. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It also been electronically upgraded to enhance the firing accuracies, laying speeds of the existing gun and to provide compatibility with various kinds of ammo as well.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its armament system comprises barrel, breech mechanism, muzzle brake and recoil mechanism to fire 155 mm calibre ammunitions. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has strike range of 38 kilometres (11 km more than imported Bofors guns) with high accuracy and precision. Depending on type of ammunition used it can provide greater fire power.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is equipped with inertial navigation-based sighting system, on-board ballistic computation, auto-laying facility and advanced day and night direct firing system. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can accommodate both boll bags and bi-modular charge system (BMCS) which have resulted in increasing range.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has several significant advance features including all-electric drive, high mobility, quick deployability, auxiliary power mode, advanced communication system and automated command and control system. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has six round magazine as compared to standard three round. It weighs slightly more than normal artillery guns due to larger chamber. It has been mechanically upgraded to fire standard NATO 155 mm ammunition. </span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Ordnance Factories Board (OFB) </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is industrial organisation, functioning under Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence. It was established in 1775 and is headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is the world's largest government-operated production organization and oldest organisation run by Central Government.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is engaged in research, development, production, testing, marketing and logistics of a comprehensive product range in the areas of air, land and sea systems. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It comprises 41 Ordnance Factories, nine Training Institutes, three Regional Marketing Centres and four Regional Controllerates of Safety, which are spread all across the country.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is often called "Fourth Arm of Defence” and "Force Behind Armed Forces of India”. It is amongst top 50 defence equipment manufacturers in the world.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'dhanush-artillery-gun-ofb-receives-bulk-production-clearance ', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d13c/73g3umvbrqdm7s96g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d13c/73g3umvbrqdm7s96g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Dhanush Artillery Gun: OFB receives Bulk Production Clearance', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) receives bulk production clearance (BPC) for production of 114 Dhanush Artillery Guns', 'metadescription' => 'Union Ministry of Defence and Indian Army has given Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) bulk production clearance (BPC) for production of 114 'Dhanush Artillery Guns’.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/710smd1633c46if/20feb_Dhanush_Artillery_Gun.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Military', 'keyword' => 'military', 'id' => (int) 273, 'title' => 'Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile successfully test fired', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully test fired indigenously developed Quick Reach Surface-to-Air missiles (QRSAM) from Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur, off the Odisha Coast.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In this test, two missiles were tested for different altitude and conditions. They were fired from canister mounted on rotatable truck-based launch unit positioned at launching complex-III of ITR. All the mission objectives have been met in this test.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Quick Reach Surface-to-Air missiles (QRSAM)</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is next-generation sleek short-range air defence system. It is highly mobile air defence system which can destroy multiple targets at distance upto 30 km.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been indigenously developed by DRDO. Its development was sanctioned in 2014, the missile was first tested in 2017. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is an all-weather and all-terrain missile with electronic counter measures against jamming by aircraft radars. It has strike range of 30kms.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can be mounted on truck and is stored in canister. It employs dual thrust propulsion stage using high-energy solid propellant.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is capable of tracking and destroying aerial targets, fighter aircraft, short range and cruise missiles. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has 100% kill probability and can deceive enemy radars making it difficult to be detected.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Once inducted, it will be deployed at border and is expected to supplement surface-to-air missile Akash. It will significantly boost defence capabilities of armed forces.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/aef9/l4jnwz70d6kumj96g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/aef9/l4jnwz70d6kumj96g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile successfully test fired', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, DRDO, test fires, indigenously developed, Quick Reach Surface-to-Air missiles, QRSAM, Integrated Test Range, ITR Chandipur, off the Odisha Coast', 'metadescription' => 'DRDO successfully test fired indigenously developed Quick Reach Surface-to-Air missiles (QRSAM) from Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur, off the Odisha Coast', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/m252lcvmac3716p/27feb_Quick_Reaction_Surface-to-Air.pdf', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Military', 'keyword' => 'military', 'id' => (int) 247, 'title' => 'IAF commissions development of aerial surveillance system', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Air Force (IAF) has commissioned development of aerial surveillance system using hyper spectral imagery programme to locate and identify suspicious movements along international border. <strong>It will be first of its kind system in country</strong>. It is expected to be operational in the next two years.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Aerial surveillance system</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will capture data/images through optical and infra-red sensors that will be most likely mounted on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) and processed through deep learning algorithms.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be having multi-sensor data fusion to be used for monitoring suspicious movements under dense foliage cover along international border and some parts within the country. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Data gathered from aerial sources will be processed within minutes and will help security forces on ground of unwanted human presence in area, their numbers and locations, among other inputs.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">For this, IAF has roped in senior researcher and lead technologist of Indian origin from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as the chief technologist for the programme.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will help to identify presence of human below trees, dense foliage, shrubs or inside a structure, whether it is day or night. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can detect human presence from air even if there a cloud cover, dense fog or snow cover.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This technology also can be deployed in agriculture for monitoring drought, diseases and nutrient stress or identifying soil moisture.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'iaf-aerial-surveillance-system', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/085a/oqzlc7e43c1eccr6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/085a/oqzlc7e43c1eccr6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'IAF commissions development of aerial surveillance system', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, IAF, commissions, development, aerial surveillance system, hyper spectral imagery programme, locate and identify suspicious movements along international border', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Air Force commissions development of aerial surveillance system using hyper spectral imagery programme to locate and identify suspicious movements along international border', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/5rdsrx6z86s2phd/25feb_IAF_commissions_development.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Military', 'keyword' => 'military', 'id' => (int) 224, 'title' => 'BEL launches atmospheric water generator ', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Defence PSU Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL) launched Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG) that can generate water straight from humidity present in the atmosphere. It is innovative solution to meet ever-increasing need for drinking water worldwide.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG)</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been manufactured by BEL in collaboration with CSIR-IICT and MAITHRI, a start-up company based in Hyderabad.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It employs novel technology to extract water from humidity present in atmosphere and purify it. It is configurable in static and mobile (vehicular) versions</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It uses heat exchange for condensing atmospheric moisture to produce pure, safe and clean potable water.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can be used to provide drinking water in community centres and public places like health care centres, schools, colleges, offices, bus stands, airports, railway stations, sea ports, off-shore oil rigs, remote field areas, military establishments and remote establishments and residential complexes.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It comes with Mineralisation Unit, which is used to add essential minerals which are required to make the water potable. </span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) </span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is state-owned leading defence electronics company. It is one of nine PSUs under Ministry of Defence. It has been accorded Navratna status. It is headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka. </span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'bel-launches-atmospheric-water-generator ', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d4c4/k47zpwa2e6aunw96g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d4c4/k47zpwa2e6aunw96g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'BEL launches atmospheric water generator ', 'metakeyword' => 'In Science and Technology Current Affairs, Defence PSU Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL), launched Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG), generate water straight from humidity present in the atmosphere. ', 'metadescription' => 'Defence PSU Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL) launched Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG) that can generate water straight from humidity present in the atmosphere. ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/9iliig2022x3hnc/21feb_BEL_launches_atmospheric.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Military', 'keyword' => 'military', 'id' => (int) 430, 'title' => 'Pinaka guided weapons system successfully test fired', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Defence Research and Development organisation (DRDO) successfully test fired indigenously developed PINAKA guided WEAPON rocket system (Pinaka Mark II) from Pokhran range in Rajasthan. During the test, the weapon systems impacted intended targets with high precision and achieved desired mission objective with high accuracies. It will significantly boost capability of the artillery to make precision hits.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">PINAKA guided WEAPON rocket system</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also dubbed as Pinaka Mark II. It is upgraded version of unguided Pinaka Mark-I rocket system. It is named after Pinaka, the bow of Lord Shiva.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is jointly developed by Armament Research & Development Establishment (ARDE), Pune and Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), Hyderabad and Research Centre, Imarat (RCI).</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is equipped with state-of-the-art guidance kit comprising of advanced navigation and control system. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is fired using multi-barrel rocket launcher (MBRL) which can fire 12 Rockets loaded with explosives within 44 seconds and destroy target area of 4 sq km at a time. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Being guided version, it has considerably enhanced range and accuracy (estimated to be between 60m-80m at all ranges) as compared to unguided one.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has capability to incorporate several types of conventional warheads makes it deadly for enemy as it can even destroy solid structures and bunkers. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its quick reaction time and high rate of fire gives it edge for armed forces using it during low amount conflict situation. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It already has been inducted into Indian Army in large numbers. Its earlier version was used during Kargil War and had demonstrated high efficacy by successfully neutralising enemy positions on the mountain tops. </span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'pinaka-guided-weapons-system-successfully-test-fired', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/3a6e/mmcoxu16qqmcmxt6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/3a6e/mmcoxu16qqmcmxt6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Pinaka guided weapons system successfully test fired', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence and Technology Current Affairs, DRDO, successfully test fired, indigenously developed, PINAKA guided WEAPON rocket system, Pokhran range, Rajasthan', 'metadescription' => 'DRDO successfully test fired indigenously developed PINAKA guided WEAPON rocket system (Pinaka Mark II) from Pokhran range in Rajasthan', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/6af1fxs879fa9al/12Mar_Pinaka_guided_weapons_system.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Military', 'keyword' => 'military', 'id' => (int) 435, 'title' => 'WHO launches new strategy to fight flu pandemics', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Health Organization (WHO) launched new strategy to protect people worldwide over next decade against threat of influenza, warning that new pandemics are inevitable. Its new strategy aims to prevent seasonal influenza, control virus’s spread from animals to humans and prepare for next pandemic. It will be for period from 2019 to 2030.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">WHO’s new strategy 2019 to 2030</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It calls for every country to strengthen routine health programmes and to develop tailor-made influenza programmes that strengthen disease surveillance, response, prevention, control, and preparedness.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It recommends annual flu vaccines as most effective way to prevent spread of disease, especially for healthcare workers and people at higher risk of influenza complications.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It also calls for development of more effective and more accessible vaccines and antiviral treatments. It calls for regular updating of vaccine formulas due to mutating strains of influenza.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It urges broader use of seasonal vaccines, which not only protect vulnerable populations but also help prepare countries to rapidly deploy vaccines in the case of a pandemic. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Under it, WHO will expand partnerships to increase research, innovation and availability of new and improved vaccines and other tools to fight influenza.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will also have benefits beyond fight against influenza, since it will also increase detection of other infectuous diseases including Ebola.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">According to WHO, Influenza epidemics, largely seasonal, affect around one billion people and kill hundreds of thousands annually. It describes it as one of the world’s greatest public health challenges. The world has suffered through number of devastating influenzas pandemics, including Spanish Flu, which in 1918 killed millions of people globally. After that three pandemics have occurred since—in 1957, 1968 and in 2009—when H1N1 swine flu pandemic claimed around 18,500 lives in 214 countries.</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'who-launches-new-strategy-fight-flu-pandemics', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/b561/p32apqy5mvjs5vt6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/b561/p32apqy5mvjs5vt6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'WHO launches new strategy to fight flu pandemics', 'metakeyword' => 'In International Current Affairs, WHO launches new strategy to fight flu pandemics', 'metadescription' => 'WHO launches new strategy to fight flu pandemics, World Health Organization (WHO) launched new strategy to protect people worldwide over next decade against threat of influenza', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/9k9a4404hmua46w/12Mar_WHO_launches_new_strategy.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Military', 'keyword' => 'military', 'id' => (int) 431, 'title' => 'DRDO lab develops combat drugs to reduce casualties in warfare', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) has indigenously developed range of 'combat casualty drugs' that can help to reduce casualties in warfare and terror activities. These drugs can extend golden hour till injured soldier/trooper is shifted to hospital. INMAS is laboratory of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Need for combat drugs</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">During warfare or terror attack on security forces, 90% of gravely wounded security personnel succumb to injuries within few hours. In these cases, chances of survival and minimum disability are highest when effective first aid care is given within golden hour.The main battlefield emergencies are excess bleeding, shock, hypovolemia (decreased blood volume), sepsis and pain. Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) also has recommended cost-effective drugs to be inducted into paramilitary forces and efforts are on with other armed forces under Defence Ministry for induction.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">INMAS combat casualty drugs</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It includes bleeding wound sealants, super absorptive dressings and glycerated salines. Some of them are</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Glycerated saline</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is battlefield intravenous fluid that does not freeze till -18 degrees Celsius. It is useful in handling trauma cases in high altitude areas.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Unlike normal saline, it reduces inflammation. It can be lifesaving, in case in traumatic edema, collection of fluid in tissues and cavities of body is in brain or lungs. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has lifesaving capacities as it gives more time to medical personnel to shift wounded patient to higher care facility.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Special medicated dressing material </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is cellulose fibre-based dressings which is more effective in stopping bleeding and keeping wound clean.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is 200 times more absorptive than normal dressings during bleeding wounds. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In it, antiseptics, antibiotics and curcumin can be impregnated which acts as slow drug release system.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Chitosan gel</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It which helps in preventing blood loss by forming film over wound. </span></span></span></li> </ul> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is coupled with platelets and red blood cells aggregation and it stops bleeding. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its antibacterial and wound health properties are of added benefit. It is suitable for sealing wounds by twin action: haemostasis by chemical action and filing action. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can be used for wounds on the limbs and also cavities such as abdomen and thorax.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can be poured onto wound and held with physical pressure for few minutes till the bleeding stops.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">H<strong>ypochlorous acid (HoCL)</strong></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is disinfectant for troopers involved in jungle warfare. It is helpful in treating necrotising fascitis, a rapidly progressing bacterial infection of soft tissues. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Bacterial toxins cause local tissue damage and necrosis as well as blunt immune system responses. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In such cases, pure 0.01</span>% <span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">HoCL has both broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and can rapidly neutralise bacterial toxins.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its use does not obviate need for antibiotic but augments treatment and speed of wounds healing. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It also reduces need for undesirable side effects and antibiotics resistance.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Benefits </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These indigenously made medicines will be boon for paramilitary and defence personnel during warfare</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">They can save lives of security personnel in event of warfare in jungle and high altitude areas as well as in terror attacks.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">They will also ensure that soldiers do not suffer from unwanted blood loss while being taken to a better healthcare from war zones</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS) </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is laboratory of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). It was established in 1961. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It does biomedical and clinical research with special reference to ionizing radiation. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also involved in nuclear medicine research and responding to nuclear explosions accidents.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is first institute in world to offer formal training program in nuclear medicine. It offers two-year diploma in radiation medicine. </span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'drdo-lab-develops-combat-drugs', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a90d/v46kpr4rpnbr21r6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a90d/v46kpr4rpnbr21r6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'DRDO lab develops combat drugs to reduce casualties in warfare', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, NMAS), develop, range, combat casualty drugs,reduce casualties, warfare, terror activities', 'metadescription' => 'Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences has indigenously developed range of 'combat casualty drugs' that can help to reduce casualties in warfare and terror activities', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/35axa5w185twj3l/12Mar_DRDO_lab_develops_combat_drugs.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Military', 'keyword' => 'military', 'id' => (int) 1739, 'title' => 'INS Sagardhwani flagged off for Sagar Maitri Mission 2', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Oceanographic research vessel of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), INS Sagardhwani was recently flagged off for scientific venture called ‘ Marine & Allied Interdisciplinary Training and Research Initiative (MAITRI) aka Sagar Maitri Mission 2.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Sagar Maitri Mission 2</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Conceptualized by DRDO is in consonance with Government’s vision of ‘Safety And Growth of All in the Region (SAGAR)’ to promote closer cooperation in socio-economic aspects, as well as greater scientific interaction, especially in ocean research in underwater acoustics, among Indian Ocean Region (IOR) countries. MAITRI is specific scientific of this vision and component of DRDO.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It commemorates Golden Jubilee Celebrations of India’s lone research ship INS Kistna’s missions as part of historic International Indian Ocean Expeditions(IIOE), which took place during 1962-65.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In this mission, INS Sagardhwani will revisit selected tracks of INS Kistna and provide NPOL scientists ample opportunities to collaborate and garner close working relationship with oceanographic counterparts of the IOR countries.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Objectives:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> (i) Data collection from entire North Indian Ocean, (ii) Focus on Andaman Sea and adjoining seas, (iii) Establish long term collaboration with eight IOR countries in field of Ocean Research and Development. These eight countries include Oman, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Myanmar.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Agencies Involved:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Indian Navy and NPOL.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Ocean Research Diplomacy:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It will help to establish long term scientific collaboration with eight IOR countries in the of ‘Ocean Research & Development’ and data collection with focus in the Andaman Sea. Thus, it will help to enhancing research and strengthening relationships with South East Asian countries and is therefore being termed as SAGAR MAITRI.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About INS Sagardhwani </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was built indigenously by GRSE Ltd, Kolkata and commissioned in July 1994. It Marine Acoustic Research Ship (MARS) operated by Indian Navy and conducts of scientific and research programmes of NPOL. It is fitted with state of the art equipment, including newly fitted wave height measuring radar for conducting scientific research. In last last 25 years, it has carried out intensive oceanographic observational programmes/ research. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL):</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is a premier systems laboratory of DRDO. It is based Kochi, Kerala. It conducts ocean research experiments in the Indian waters and spearheads NPOL’s at-sea data collection activities.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'sagar-maitri-mission-2-ins-sagardhwani-flagged-off', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/eefa/ll7bei0rsc2s83j6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/eefa/ll7bei0rsc2s83j6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Sagar Maitri Mission 2: INS Sagardhwani flagged', 'metakeyword' => 'Oceanographic research vessel of DRDO, INS Sagardhwani was recently flagged off for scientific venture called ‘ Marine & Allied Interdisciplinary Training and Research Initiative (MAITRI) aka Sagar Maitri Mission 2', 'metadescription' => 'Oceanographic research vessel of DRDO, INS Sagardhwani was recently flagged off for scientific venture called ‘ Marine & Allied Interdisciplinary Training and Research Initiative (MAITRI) aka Sagar Maitri Mission 2', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/sqi5uxa2ziwzjh6/INS_Sagardhwani_flagged.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Military', 'keyword' => 'military', 'id' => (int) 1751, 'title' => ' CRPF Women to get specially designed body gear', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">For the first time women personnel of Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) who have to face riotous mobs will soon get full body protective gear that fits them. This full body protector has been designed by team of scientists of Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), a unit of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). It will be now provided to around 300 women CRPF personnel who have been posted in Srinagar to control stone-pelting incidents.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Features of this Gear</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It covers all soft parts of human body such as rib-cage, back of the arm, inner calf, thigh and groin area of females deployed in riot control. Its designs ensure protection of vital organs of women. It is also anti-stab, anti-acid. It usage will help to increase efficiency of women. It weighs around 6 kg and provides ease of operation and also better mobility. This full body protector will be used by around 8,000 women deployed in the anti-riot Rapid Action Force (RAF). The CRPF will also use around 9,000 such pieces.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Since Independence, the women personnel had to compromise with bulky, oversized body protectors designed for men. The idea for gender- specific protective gears was first mooted at National Conference for Women in 2016.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS)</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is defence laboratory of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). It is organised under Life Sciences Directorate of DRDO. It was established in 1962 and is located in New Delhi. It conducts biomedical and physiological research to improve human performance in extreme and wartime environments. </span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'crpf-women-designed-body-gear', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4efe/zr6l8wq5jy5qpsh6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4efe/zr6l8wq5jy5qpsh6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => ' CRPF Women to get specially designed body gear', 'metakeyword' => 'For the first time women personnel of Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) who have to face riotous mobs will soon get full body protective gear that fits them. ', 'metadescription' => 'For the first time women personnel of Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) who have to face riotous mobs will soon get full body protective gear that fits them. ', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/l4svzurfdvdksdp/CRPF_Women_to_get_specially_designed_body_gear.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Military', 'keyword' => 'military', 'id' => (int) 1790, 'title' => 'CISF launches Video Hub, encyclopedia for staff', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) has launched Securitypedia (online encyclopedia) and CISF Tube (customised video interface) for its personnel. These online digital initiatives are aimed at updating and empowering CISF personnel about security related issues, best practices in forces and latest technologies available across the world.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Securitypedia:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is portal (website) on the lines of Wikipedia. It incorporates wide gamut of security related practices across the globe. It is dyamic website containing data archives and allows force member can contribute by writing blogs on relevant professional issues. Moreover, just like Wikipedia, any member can post information or edit articles after citing authentic and verifiable sources.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">CISF Tube:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is customised video interface on the lines of YouTube. It will serve as online video database of all videos relevant to CISF. The videos available on this platform will enable CISF personnel to learn on various subjects related to their functioning</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is central armed police force under Ministry of Home Affairs. It is headquarters are at New Delhi. Its motto is “Protection and Security”.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was raised in 1969 under CISF Act, 1968 to protect major PSUs. Later it was converted to armed force with larger ambit by amending CISF Act, 1968 in 1983.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Functions:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is premier multi-skilled security agency tasked with providing security to various critical infrastructure installations both in government and private sector.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It also provides security to critical infrastructure like airports, atomic power plants, refineries, major ports, space installations, VIPs and engages in disaster management amongst others.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has about one lakh 80 thousand personnel in its ranks. It also has its own Fire Wing to response to fire emergencies/accidents.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'cisf-launches-video-hub-encyclopedia', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a030/3499jrz3le21j5u6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a030/3499jrz3le21j5u6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'CISF launches Video Hub, encyclopedia for staff', 'metakeyword' => 'CISF has launched Securitypedia (online encyclopedia) and CISF Tube (customised video interface) for its personnel called CISFTube', 'metadescription' => 'CISF) has launched Securitypedia (online encyclopedia) and CISF Tube (customised video interface) for its personnel called CISFTube', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/nrhxbfnualcajam/CISF_launches_Video_Hub%2C_encyclopedia_for_staff.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Military', 'keyword' => 'military', 'id' => (int) 1834, 'title' => 'DRDO successfully flight-tests QRSAM', 'description' => '<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Context: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO) <strong>on 4/08/2019 successfully flight-tested its state-of-the-art Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missiles </strong>(QRSAM) against live aerial targets from Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur.</span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Highlights:</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Two missiles, </strong>developed by DRDO, were <strong>tested against two live targets </strong>meeting <strong>complete mission objectives of engaging the targets. </strong></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">QRSAM, with many state of the art technologies, <strong>engaged the targets at different ranges and altitudes.</strong></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The systems have been <strong>tested in final configuration with RADAR </strong>mounted on a vehicle & <strong>missiles on the launcher.</strong></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The systems are equipped with <strong>indigenously-developed Phased array radar, Inertial Navigation System, Data Link & RF seeker.</strong></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The entire <strong>mission was captured by various Electro Optical Tracking Systems, Radar Systems and Telemetry Systems.</strong></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The system is <strong>being developed for Indian Army with search and track on move capability </strong>with <strong>very short reaction time.</strong></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The test was carried out <strong>at Chandipur, Odisha.</strong></span></span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>About the QRSAM:</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>all-weather and all-terrain missile</strong>, which <strong>can be mounted on a truck </strong>and <strong>stored in a canister</strong>, is equipped with <strong>electronic counter measures against jamming by aircraft radars.</strong></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">QRSAM uses <strong>solid-fuel propellant </strong>and has a <strong>range of 25-30 km.</strong></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>first trial </strong>of the QSRAM was conducted on <strong>June 4, 2017.</strong></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'drdo-successfully-flight-tests-qrsam', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/7faa/nrmg9z7tbl68rrb6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/7faa/nrmg9z7tbl68rrb6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'DRDO successfully flight-tests QRSAM', 'metakeyword' => 'DRDO successfully flight-tests QRSAM, DRDO, flight-tests QRSAM', 'metadescription' => 'Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO) on 4/08/2019 successfully flight-tested its state-of-the-art Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missiles', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/dhoq60vepsvfkmt/DRDO_successfully_flight-tests_QRSAM.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Military', 'keyword' => 'military', 'id' => (int) 2213, 'title' => 'Indigenous Tank Ammunition', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, has approved indigenous development of ammunition for the Army’s T-72 and T-90 tanks,which would enhance the enemy armour penetration capability.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Indian Army is in the process of buying 464 T-90MS Main Battle Tanks to arm 10 armoured regiments from Russia. This can produce significant gains for the armed forces.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>T-90 MS Tanks</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The T-90MS tank is equipped with a new turret weapon station with an upgraded 125mm gun.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The tanks also sport an advanced and highly automated digital fire control system (FCS) to annihilate enemy tanks, self-propelled guns and other armoured targets.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The crew can detect, identify and destroy the targets during the day as well as night much more accurately with the help of FCS.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It also has a guided missile system which can destroy armoured targets including those equipped with explosive reactive armour (ERA) and has a ranges up to 5 kilometres.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The tank comes equipped with a protection system to insulate and help its crew operate in a Nuclear-Biological-Chemical attack environment.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'indigenous-tank-ammunition', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d4f2/mz3r3p5j877k3xq6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d4f2/mz3r3p5j877k3xq6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Indigenous Tank Ammunition', 'metakeyword' => 'and T-90 tanks,which would enhance the enemy armour ', 'metadescription' => 'The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, has approved indigenous development of ammunition for the Army’s T-72 ', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/jjel7m2zd0lgoc6/Indigenous_Tank_Ammunition.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Military', 'keyword' => 'military', 'id' => (int) 2244, 'title' => 'Khandheri submarine and carrier dry dock', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Indian Navy is set to induct second <em>Scorpene</em> submarine <em>Khanderi</em> on September 28 in Mumbai and the commissioning of the largest dry dock of the Indian Navy.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">INS Khanderi (2017) is the second of the Indian Navy's six Kalvari-class submarines being built in India. It is a diesel-electric attack submarine which is designed by French naval defence and energy company DCNS and being manufactured at Mazagon Dock Limited in Mumbai.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><em>Khanderi </em>was launched into the water in January 2017 and has since been undergoing a series of trials.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The first submarine of class <em>Kalvari </em>joined service in December 2017. The entire project is expected to be completed by 2020.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The third Scorpene-class submarine INS Karanj is in the advanced stages of its trials.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The fourth submarine which is under construction at MDL and named `Vela’ had touched waters after completing its outfittings. And, the last two of the Scorpene-class – Vagir and Vagsheer submarines are under construction at the MDL.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The entire process of constructing indegenous submarines were part of Indian navy’s Project 75.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Scorpene class Submarines</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The state-of-the-art submarine has superior stealth. It has the ability to launch a crippling attack on the enemy using precision-guided weapon.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has the capability to be launched in anti-surface warfare, and anti-submarine warfare.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It can be used for intelligence gathering, mine laying, and area surveillance.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This special steel ensures that the warship can withstand high yield stress. And this allows it to dive deeper.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The submarine has the capability to operate at a depth of 300 meters underwater and travel 1,020 km underwater.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has the provision to carry 18 torpedoes and tube-launched anti-ship missiles underwater and also from the surface.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'khandheri-submarine-and-carrier-dry-dock', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/45d2/c17d7q3d6qi6lak6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/45d2/c17d7q3d6qi6lak6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Khandheri submarine and carrier dry dock', 'metakeyword' => 'The fourth submarine which is under construction at MDL', 'metadescription' => 'The fourth submarine which is under construction at MDL and named `Vela’ had touched waters after completing its outfittings. And, the last two of the Scorpene-class ', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/jrok2wyq3nbrb4s/Khandheri_submarine_and_carrier_dry_dock.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Military', 'keyword' => 'military', 'id' => (int) 3200, 'title' => 'Upgrades for BrahMos Missile', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has carried out two successful tests of the latest variant of the BrahMos missile, one from the land platform and the other from air.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos is developed through a collaboration between India and Russia and is one of the most advanced weapons in India’s armoury. It is an amalgam of the names of the rivers Brahmaputra and Moskva.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos is a cruise missile, meaning it can be guided towards a pre-determined land- or sea-based target. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos is classified as supersonic cruise missile with a capability to attain speeds 2.8 times that of sound (Mach 2.8).</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A newer version under development is aimed at flying at speeds greater than Mach 5. These are called hypersonic cruise missiles. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Besides decreasing the reaction time of the enemy, higher speeds also substantially reduce the chances of the missile getting intercepted.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos is being produced by BrahMos Aerospace, a joint venture company set up by DRDO and Mashinostroyenia of Russia in 1998. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The first version of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile was inducted into the Indian Navy in 2005.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos has undergone development through the early 2000s till date. Its land-to-land, submarine-fired and now air-fired variants have been developed stage by stage. Each new version has something additional compared to the previous version.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The latest test was carried out from air using the Sukhoi-30 MKI fighter jets of the Indian Air Force as the base. This was the third air-based test of the missile and marked the completion of the integration of BrahMos missile with the Sukhoi-30 MKI aircraft.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Supersonic and Hypersonic speeds</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Supersonic travel is a rate of travel of an object that exceeds the speed of sound (Mach 1).</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A hypersonic speed is one that greatly exceeds the speed of sound, often stated as starting at speeds of Mach 5 and above.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Missile triads</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A triad is a three-pronged military force structure that consists of land-launched missiles, missile-armed submarines and strategic aircraft with bombs and missiles. This, in turn, ensures a credible threat of a second strike, and thus increases a nation's deterrence.</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'upgrades-for-brahmos-missile', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e989/z7yrrwnpatvhf5l6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e989/z7yrrwnpatvhf5l6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Upgrades for BrahMos Missile', 'metakeyword' => 'Upgrades for BrahMos Missile', 'metadescription' => 'The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has carried out two successful tests of the latest variant of the BrahMos missile', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/ifafhmd6n81d8s9/Upgrades_for_BrahMos_Missile.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' } ] $tagname = 'Military' $metadescription = 'Military Defence Current News, Science & technology for Military, get the current affairs PDF video and Articles and more complete details get here' $metakeyword = 'Military Defence Current News, Science & technology for Military' $title = 'Military Defence Current News | Science & technology for Military' $sbanners = [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'id' => (int) 98, 'bannername' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d07b/cuom0prnhl5ujw26g.jpg', 'bannerlink' => 'https://www.studyiq.com/courses/pendrive-courses', 'isright' => (int) 0, 'status' => (int) 1, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'sitebanners' }, (int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'id' => (int) 99, 'bannername' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d179/u8oqs8uxelfdc2s6g.jpg', 'bannerlink' => 'https://www.studyiq.com/courses/pendrive-courses/state-psc-jobs-exam-online-coaching', 'isright' => (int) 0, 'status' => (int) 1, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'sitebanners' }, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'id' => (int) 100, 'bannername' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0712/xdwzzytklzemlpu6g.jpg', 'bannerlink' => 'https://www.studyiq.com/android-courses/upsc-ias-cse-civil-services-online-coaching', 'isright' => (int) 0, 'status' => (int) 1, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'sitebanners' }, (int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'id' => (int) 101, 'bannername' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/db9d/tzxc6khthg8vjs76g.jpg', 'bannerlink' => 'https://www.studyiq.com/courses/pendrive-courses/ssc-cgl-bank-po-online-coaching', 'isright' => (int) 0, 'status' => (int) 1, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'sitebanners' } ] $params = [ (int) 0 => 'military' ] $b = [ 'name' => 'Military', 'link' => 'https://currentaffairs.studyiq.com/tags/military' ] $currentaffair = object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Military', 'keyword' => 'military', 'id' => (int) 3200, 'title' => 'Upgrades for BrahMos Missile', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has carried out two successful tests of the latest variant of the BrahMos missile, one from the land platform and the other from air.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos is developed through a collaboration between India and Russia and is one of the most advanced weapons in India’s armoury. It is an amalgam of the names of the rivers Brahmaputra and Moskva.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos is a cruise missile, meaning it can be guided towards a pre-determined land- or sea-based target. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos is classified as supersonic cruise missile with a capability to attain speeds 2.8 times that of sound (Mach 2.8).</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A newer version under development is aimed at flying at speeds greater than Mach 5. These are called hypersonic cruise missiles. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Besides decreasing the reaction time of the enemy, higher speeds also substantially reduce the chances of the missile getting intercepted.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos is being produced by BrahMos Aerospace, a joint venture company set up by DRDO and Mashinostroyenia of Russia in 1998. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The first version of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile was inducted into the Indian Navy in 2005.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BrahMos has undergone development through the early 2000s till date. Its land-to-land, submarine-fired and now air-fired variants have been developed stage by stage. Each new version has something additional compared to the previous version.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The latest test was carried out from air using the Sukhoi-30 MKI fighter jets of the Indian Air Force as the base. This was the third air-based test of the missile and marked the completion of the integration of BrahMos missile with the Sukhoi-30 MKI aircraft.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Supersonic and Hypersonic speeds</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Supersonic travel is a rate of travel of an object that exceeds the speed of sound (Mach 1).</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A hypersonic speed is one that greatly exceeds the speed of sound, often stated as starting at speeds of Mach 5 and above.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Missile triads</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A triad is a three-pronged military force structure that consists of land-launched missiles, missile-armed submarines and strategic aircraft with bombs and missiles. This, in turn, ensures a credible threat of a second strike, and thus increases a nation's deterrence.</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'upgrades-for-brahmos-missile', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e989/z7yrrwnpatvhf5l6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e989/z7yrrwnpatvhf5l6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Upgrades for BrahMos Missile', 'metakeyword' => 'Upgrades for BrahMos Missile', 'metadescription' => 'The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has carried out two successful tests of the latest variant of the BrahMos missile', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/ifafhmd6n81d8s9/Upgrades_for_BrahMos_Missile.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ '*' => true ], '[dirty]' => [], '[original]' => [], '[virtual]' => [], '[errors]' => [], '[invalid]' => [], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' } $tags = '<a href="https://currentaffairs.studyiq.com/tags/military">Military</a>'include - ROOT/plugins/Studyiq/src/Template/Pages/tags.ctp, line 65 Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196 Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157 Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 765 Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 623 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 125 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 93 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 108 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 104 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 98 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51 Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 81