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'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The Supreme Court has given the government additional time to file affidavit against a plea challenging sedition law.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong> </strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The pleas were filed by the Editors Guild of India and Major General (Retired) S.G. Vombatkere that challenged the law.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The plea says that sedition law causes a ‘chilling effect’ on free speech and is an unreasonable restriction on idea of free expression, a fundamental right.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Sedition law: Historic origin</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Sedition comes under Section 124A Indian Penal Code (IPC). It was drafted by British historian-politician Thomas Babington Macaulay in 1837.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The law was used by British colonial government to primarily suppress the writings and speeches of prominent Indian freedom fighters.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Mahatma Gandhi, Lokmanya Tilak, and Jogendra Chandra Bose were some of the leaders who were charged under the law.</span></span></p>
</li>
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<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Applicability</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""> ‘<em>Whoever, by words, either spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise, brings or attempts to bring into hatred or contempt, or excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards the Government established by law in India’</em> will be liable to be charged.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Punishment</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">It is a non-bailable law that is punishable with imprisonment from three years up to life, along with a fine. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Individual charged under the law will be barred from a government job and their passport is seized by the government. </span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong> </strong>The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of section 124A of IPC in 1962 Kedar Nath Case.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The court has however observed that the law has been grossly misused as the conviction rate under the law is very low.</span></span></p>
</li>
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<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Way ahead</strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The law commission report asks for striking a balance between sedition and the right to freedom of speech, and providing safeguards against misuse of the law.</span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The Supreme Court has given the government additional time to file affidavit against a plea challenging sedition law.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong> </strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The pleas were filed by the Editors Guild of India and Major General (Retired) S.G. Vombatkere that challenged the law.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The plea says that sedition law causes a ‘chilling effect’ on free speech and is an unreasonable restriction on idea of free expression, a fundamental right.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Sedition law: Historic origin</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Sedition comes under Section 124A Indian Penal Code (IPC). It was drafted by British historian-politician Thomas Babington Macaulay in 1837.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The law was used by British colonial government to primarily suppress the writings and speeches of prominent Indian freedom fighters.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Mahatma Gandhi, Lokmanya Tilak, and Jogendra Chandra Bose were some of the leaders who were charged under the law.</span></span></p>
</li>
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<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Applicability</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""> ‘<em>Whoever, by words, either spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise, brings or attempts to bring into hatred or contempt, or excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards the Government established by law in India’</em> will be liable to be charged.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Punishment</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">It is a non-bailable law that is punishable with imprisonment from three years up to life, along with a fine. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Individual charged under the law will be barred from a government job and their passport is seized by the government. </span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong> </strong>The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of section 124A of IPC in 1962 Kedar Nath Case.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The court has however observed that the law has been grossly misused as the conviction rate under the law is very low.</span></span></p>
</li>
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<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Way ahead</strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The law commission report asks for striking a balance between sedition and the right to freedom of speech, and providing safeguards against misuse of the law.</span></span></p>
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