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'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The serious economic crisis in Sri Lanka has created a new category of refugees arriving into India--- economic refugees.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""> </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Since the 2018 Easter bombing, Sri Lanka has been witnessing economic meltdown. The country’s economic condition is in tatters.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Indian authorities believe that more refugees are on their way as unemployment and inflation has skyrocketed in the island nation.</span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Tamil Nadu is the most favourable destination for Sri Lankan refugees as it is located just across the shallow Palk Strait.</span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">People and political class of Tamil Nadu have been accommodative to welcome Tamil refugees from Sri Lanka.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The situation is not the same prior to 1991 when there were no strict rules or guidelines for refugees. The assassination of former PM Rajiv Gandhi changed the situation.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Sri Lankan refugees</strong></span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Refugees are mainly of Tamil-origin and arrive from eastern and northern Sri Lanka, which has large population of ethnic Tamilians.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The ethnic clashes between local Sinhala Buddhists and Lankan Tamils caused this group to flee the island.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The migration was facilitated by an agreement between Prime Ministers Lal Bahadu Shastri and Sirimao Bhandarnaike for allowing Indian-origin Tamils to choose their country.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Refugee wave</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The first wave was witnessed during the mid-80s when LTTE was in its initial phase and anti-Tamil riots were witnessed across the island.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The second wave was seen after 1990s when Indian government stopped helping the refugees following assassination of Rajiv Gandhi.</span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The third wave start in late 90s and continued till early 2000s when military campaign to eliminate the rebels was building up. The final phase of civil war saw highest exodus.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Current status</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The accommodative stance of Tamil Nadu government has changed. Refugees are no longer given dignified lives.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Majority of refugees live in camps that are over-filled and cramped. Intelligence group keep continuous watch over their activities.</span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Lately, India has become a major transit stop for refugees planning to migrate to Europe and Australia.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Economic status</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Hyper-inflation has made many daily staples like rice and milk unaffordable for many sections. Fuel and other essentials are already facing shortages.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Many people are waiting for the right opportunity to flee the island towards India. They are hoping to survive on government welfare schemes in Tamil Nadu.</span></span></p>
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'title' => 'Sri Lankan economic refugees',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The serious economic crisis in Sri Lanka has created a new category of refugees arriving into India--- economic refugees.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""> </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Since the 2018 Easter bombing, Sri Lanka has been witnessing economic meltdown. The country’s economic condition is in tatters.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Indian authorities believe that more refugees are on their way as unemployment and inflation has skyrocketed in the island nation.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Tamil Nadu is the most favourable destination for Sri Lankan refugees as it is located just across the shallow Palk Strait.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">People and political class of Tamil Nadu have been accommodative to welcome Tamil refugees from Sri Lanka.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The situation is not the same prior to 1991 when there were no strict rules or guidelines for refugees. The assassination of former PM Rajiv Gandhi changed the situation.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Sri Lankan refugees</strong></span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Refugees are mainly of Tamil-origin and arrive from eastern and northern Sri Lanka, which has large population of ethnic Tamilians.</span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The ethnic clashes between local Sinhala Buddhists and Lankan Tamils caused this group to flee the island.</span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The migration was facilitated by an agreement between Prime Ministers Lal Bahadu Shastri and Sirimao Bhandarnaike for allowing Indian-origin Tamils to choose their country.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Refugee wave</strong></span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The first wave was witnessed during the mid-80s when LTTE was in its initial phase and anti-Tamil riots were witnessed across the island.</span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The second wave was seen after 1990s when Indian government stopped helping the refugees following assassination of Rajiv Gandhi.</span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The third wave start in late 90s and continued till early 2000s when military campaign to eliminate the rebels was building up. The final phase of civil war saw highest exodus.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Current status</strong></span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The accommodative stance of Tamil Nadu government has changed. Refugees are no longer given dignified lives.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Majority of refugees live in camps that are over-filled and cramped. Intelligence group keep continuous watch over their activities.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Lately, India has become a major transit stop for refugees planning to migrate to Europe and Australia.</span></span></p>
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</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Economic status</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Hyper-inflation has made many daily staples like rice and milk unaffordable for many sections. Fuel and other essentials are already facing shortages.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Many people are waiting for the right opportunity to flee the island towards India. They are hoping to survive on government welfare schemes in Tamil Nadu.</span></span></p>
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