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'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Issue</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Prime Minister Narendra Modi has embarked on a bilateral visit to Bhutan. It will be the 2<sup>nd</sup> visit to Bhutan by PM Modi and the 1<sup>st</sup> since his re-election.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bhutan</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">is a landlocked country</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">in South Asia. Located in the Eastern Himalayas, it is bordered by the Tibetan Autonomous Region</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">of China</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">in the north, the Sikkim</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">state of India</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">and the Chumbi Valley</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">of Tibet</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">in the west, the Arunachal Pradesh</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">state of India in the east, and the states of Assam</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">and West Bengal</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">in the south.</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Thimphu</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">is its capital and largest city, while Phuntsholing</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">is its financial center. It is a member of the United Nations, SAARC, BIMSTEC</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">and the Non-Aligned Movement</span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">.</span></span></span></p>
</li>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Key Highlights of Visit</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Energy</span></strong></span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">PM Modi has inaugurated Mangdechhu hydroelectric power plant and also launched stamps to commemorate five decades of India-Bhutan Hydropower cooperation on the first day. India is the largest buyer of Bhutanese hydropower</span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Space research</span></strong></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">The inauguration of the <strong>Ground Earth Station</strong> and<strong> SATCOM network</strong>, developed with assistance from ISRO for utilization of <strong>South</strong> <strong>Asia Satellite</strong> in Bhutan. India will enhance the communication, public broadcasting and disaster management coverage in Bhutan.</span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">RuPay in Bhutan</span></strong></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">PM Modi also launched RuPay Card in Bhutan by making a purchase at Simtokha Dzong. It functions as a monastic and administrative centre and is one of the oldest dzongs in Bhutan.</span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Education</span></strong></span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">The e-plaque of the interconnection between India’s National Knowledge Network and Bhutan’s Druk Research and Education Network was also unveiled.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bhutan and its significance to India</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bhutan is a buffer state between India and China. It divides the two major nuclear powers in Himalayas.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">After the Dokhlam crisis where Indian and Chinese troops were engaged in standoff near Chumbi Valley, the geographical advantage of Bhutan’s area has increased significantly.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">It is necessary to keep India’s traditional influence over Bhutan intact. This is necessary in keeping Chinese interests at bay.</span></span></span></li>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Issue</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Prime Minister Narendra Modi has embarked on a bilateral visit to Bhutan. It will be the 2<sup>nd</sup> visit to Bhutan by PM Modi and the 1<sup>st</sup> since his re-election.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bhutan</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">is a landlocked country</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">in South Asia. Located in the Eastern Himalayas, it is bordered by the Tibetan Autonomous Region</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">of China</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">in the north, the Sikkim</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">state of India</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">and the Chumbi Valley</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">of Tibet</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">in the west, the Arunachal Pradesh</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">state of India in the east, and the states of Assam</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">and West Bengal</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">in the south.</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Thimphu</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">is its capital and largest city, while Phuntsholing</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">is its financial center. It is a member of the United Nations, SAARC, BIMSTEC</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">and the Non-Aligned Movement</span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">.</span></span></span></p>
</li>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Key Highlights of Visit</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Energy</span></strong></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">PM Modi has inaugurated Mangdechhu hydroelectric power plant and also launched stamps to commemorate five decades of India-Bhutan Hydropower cooperation on the first day. India is the largest buyer of Bhutanese hydropower</span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Space research</span></strong></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">The inauguration of the <strong>Ground Earth Station</strong> and<strong> SATCOM network</strong>, developed with assistance from ISRO for utilization of <strong>South</strong> <strong>Asia Satellite</strong> in Bhutan. India will enhance the communication, public broadcasting and disaster management coverage in Bhutan.</span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">RuPay in Bhutan</span></strong></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">PM Modi also launched RuPay Card in Bhutan by making a purchase at Simtokha Dzong. It functions as a monastic and administrative centre and is one of the oldest dzongs in Bhutan.</span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Education</span></strong></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">The e-plaque of the interconnection between India’s National Knowledge Network and Bhutan’s Druk Research and Education Network was also unveiled.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bhutan and its significance to India</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bhutan is a buffer state between India and China. It divides the two major nuclear powers in Himalayas.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">After the Dokhlam crisis where Indian and Chinese troops were engaged in standoff near Chumbi Valley, the geographical advantage of Bhutan’s area has increased significantly.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">It is necessary to keep India’s traditional influence over Bhutan intact. This is necessary in keeping Chinese interests at bay.</span></span></span></li>
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