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Tag Wise Current Affairs
Tag: Defence & Security
PM Narendra Modi chairs National Security Council meeting
Tags: Defence & Security, Tackling Security Threats
Published on: 04 March 2019
BOLD–QIT project inaugurated along international border in Dhubri, Assam
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 05 March 2019
INS Chakra III: India, Russia ink deal for nuclear-powered submarine
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 08 March 2019
India is world’s 2nd largest arms importer: SIPRI Report
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 12 March 2019
INS Khanderi: Second Scorpene submarine ready for induction
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 18 March 2019
VC 11184: India’s first missile tracking ship undergoing sea trials
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 18 March 2019
IAF inducts four CH-47 Chinook military helicopters
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 25 March 2019
ABHEDYA: Indian Navy commissions Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Training Facility
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 26 March 2019
Indian Army flags its first Mt Makalu Mountaineering Expedition
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 27 March 2019
2nd joint logistics node of tri-services become operational in Mumbai
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 29 March 2019
Dhanush: Indian Army inducts first indigenous artillery guns
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 29 March 2019
Indian Navy gets indigenous combat management system for INS Vikrant
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 30 March 2019
US approves sale of 24 MH 60 Romeo Seahawk helicopters to India
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 03 April 2019
Matiri Bridge: Indian Army built longest suspension bridge over Indus River
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 03 April 2019
COMCASA: First secure link between India, US navies set up
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 03 April 2019
LCU L56: Indian Navy commissions sixth Landing Craft Utility ship
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 01 April 2019
GRSE becomes 1st Indian Shipyard to deliver 100 Warships
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 01 April 2019
Project 75I: Indian Navy kicks off lethal submarine project
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 05 April 2019
Veer Parivar App launched for families of martyred CRPF troops
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 10 April 2019
Indian army receives first batch of 6 Dhanush artillery guns
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 09 April 2019
Marine Lizard: China develops world’s first armed amphibious drone boat
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 16 April 2019
INS Imphal: Indian Navy launches missile destroyer
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 22 April 2019
Naval Commanders’ Conference to be held in New Delhi
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 22 April 2019
C-441: Indian Coast Guard commissions new vessel
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 24 April 2019
GRSE to build 8 Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 30 April 2019
Sri Lanka bans preaching religious, radical ideologies glorifying terrorism
Tags: Defence & Security, Tackling Security Threats
Published on: 04 May 2019
Defence Ministry approves purchase of 10 Kamov-31 helicopters from Russia
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 04 May 2019
INS Vela: Fourth Scorpene class Submarine launched
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 06 May 2019
Indian Navy participates in ADMM-PLUS MS FTX 2019
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 10 May 2019
IAF receives first AH-64E Apache attack helicopter
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 11 May 2019
IAF tests aerial version of supersonic BrahMos cruise missile
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 23 May 2019
Indian Coast Guard, Assam Rifles sign Affiliation Charter
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 23 May 2019
Shaheen-II : Pakistan successfully test-fires ballistic missile
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 24 May 2019
DRDO test fires indigenous inertially-guided bomb
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 24 May 2019
IAF's AN-32 fleet allowed to use blended aviation fuel
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 25 May 2019
Anti-ship version of BrahMos missile successfully test fired
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 05 June 2019
IAF inks deal to procure SPICE 2000 bombs from Israel
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 08 June 2019
India to buy NASAMS-II air defence system from US
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 11 June 2019
Varunastra: Indian Navy inks contract with BDL for torpedoes
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 15 June 2019
Indian Navy launches Operation Sankalp in Gulf of Oman
Tags: Military Exercises, Defence & Security
Published on: 21 June 2019
Government issues EoI for six P 75(i) Submarines for Indian Navy
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 21 June 2019
India inks deal for acquiring Strum Ataka anti-tank missiles from Russia
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 01 July 2019
Cabinet approves proposal to extend benefits to CAPF officers
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 05 July 2019
Sudarshan Exercise launched by BSF to fortify anti-infiltration grid along Pak border
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 07 July 2019
DRDO successfully conducts three Nag missile tests in Pokhran
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 08 July 2019
Indian Army, NeGD ink pact for developing revamped app
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 08 July 2019
Indian Army places order for procuring anti-tank Spike missiles from Israel
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 11 July 2019
Mission Raksha Gyan Shakti: Defence Ministry signs MoU with IPFC and NRDC
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 12 July 2019
Naval MRSAM Systems: Israel inks $50 Million deal with India
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 18 July 2019
DRDO successfully conducts summer trials of NAG ATGM
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 20 July 2019
Bhabha Kavach: MHA gives nod to indigenous lightweight bulletproof jackets
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 22 July 2019
INAS 313: Indian Navy commissions 5th Dornier Aircraft Squadron
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 23 July 2019
IAF receives 1st batch of four AH-64E Apache Guardian Attack helicopters
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 28 July 2019
National Cyber Security strategy (NCSS) 2020
Tags: Defence & Security
Published on: 19 February 2020
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Prime Minister Narendra Modi chaired meeting of National Security Council (NSC) in national capital New Delhi amid heightened tensions between India and Pakistan.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was attended by Home Minister Rajnath Singh, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley, External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj and Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman. Besides the union ministers, National Security Advisor Ajit Doval and Foreign Secretary Vijay Gokhle also attended.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Tensions between India and Pakistan soared after Indian Air Force carried out non-military preemptive strike on terrorist organization Jaish-e-Mohammed’s biggest training camp across in Balakot deep inside Pakistan based on credible intelligence. The Pakistan based terror group had claimed responsibility for 14th February 2019 Pulwama suicide terror attack in which 40 CRPF soldiers lost their lives. In response to India's air strike, Pakistan Air Force planes had intruded Indian territory and tried to target military installations.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">National Security Council (NSC) </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is apex body for national security management system in India. It is executive government agency tasked with advising Prime Minister's Office on matters of national security and strategic interest. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was established on 19 November 1998 by then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee with Brajesh Mishra as the first National Security Advisor (NSA).</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Prior to the formation of NSC, these activities on national security and strategic interests were overseen by Principal Secretary to Prime Minister.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Composition:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Prime Minister is its ex-officio Chairman. Its members include National Security Advisor (NSA), Deputy NSAs, Ministers of Defence, External Affairs, Home, Finance, Deputy Chairman of the NITI Aayog. Other members may be invited to attend its monthly meetings, as and when required.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Organisational structure:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It has three-tiered structure viz.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Strategic Policy Group: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is first level of the three tier structure. It forms the nucleus of the decision-making apparatus of the NSC. National Security Advisor is its chairman.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">National Security Advisory Board: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It consists of group of eminent national security experts outside of government. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its members are usually senior retired officials, civilian as well as military, academics and distinguished members of civil society having expertise in Internal and External Security, Foreign Affairs, Defence, Science and Technology and Economic Affairs.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It provides long-term prognosis and analysis to NSC and recommends solutions and address policy issues referred to it.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC): </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It analyses intelligence data from Intelligence Bureau, Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) and Directorates of Military, Naval and Air Intelligence. Its own Secretariat works under Cabinet Secretariat.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'BOLD–QIT project inaugurated along international border in Dhubri, Assam ',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">BOLD-QIT (Border Electronically Dominated QRT Interception Technique) project was recently inaugurated India-Bangladesh border in Dhubri District, Assam. The project has been implemented by Information and Technology Wing of Border Security Force (BSF) under Comprehensive Integrated Border Management system (CIBMS).</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">BSF is responsible for safeguarding of 4,096 km long International Border with Bangladesh (longest land border shared by India). </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Due to geographical barrier such as riverine stretch and hilly terrain at various places on border, it is not possible to erect border fence. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">61 Kms of Border area in Dhubri (where Brahmaputra River enters into Bangladesh) consists vast char lands and innumerable river channels.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This makes border guarding in this area daunting task especially during rainy season.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">To overcome this, Home Ministry has launched CIBMS to deploying technologies/ solutions for improved border surveillance, especially in challenging areas where fencing is not possible.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">CIBMS is form of integration and deployment of radars, senors, cameras, communication networks and control solutions. </span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">BOLD-QIT Project</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Under it, technical systems are installed which enables BSF to equip Indo-Bangla borders with different kind of sensors in unfenced riverine area of Brahmaputra and its tributaries. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These sensors are connected to data network (Microwave communication, OFC Cables, DMR Communication) along with day and night surveillance cameras and intrusion detection system. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The network provides feeds to BSF Control Rooms on Border and enable BSF Quick Reaction Teams to thwart any possibility of illegal Cross Border Crossing/ Crimes.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It will provide technological solution besides physical presence of manpower of BSF. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its implementation now has covered entire span of River Brahmaputra. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will help BSF to curb all type of cross border crimes and provide respite to the troops from round the clock human surveillance.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'INS Chakra III: India, Russia ink deal for nuclear-powered submarine',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India has signed $3 billion deal (inter-governmental agreement) with Russia for leasing of 8,000-tonne Akula class nuclear-powered attack submarine for Indian Navy for period of 10 years. Under this agreement, Russia will have to deliver this submarine, to be known as <strong>Chakra III</strong>, to Indian Navy by 2025.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The deal includes comprehensive package for refurbishment of nuclear submarine, its sustenance and spares support for 10 years as well as training and technical infrastructure for its operations.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Overall, India needs at least 18 conventional submarines, six SSNs and four SSBNs for effective deterrence in backdrop of China's attempts to expand its influence in and naval presence in Indian Ocean region.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Induction of INS Chakra III submarine will add some much-needed teeth to India’s depleting fleet of just 14 conventional diesel-electric submarines (13 old, and new Scorpene INS Kalvari out of e six under construction at Mazagon Docks), SSN (INS Chakra) and a mini-SSBN or “baby boomer” (INS Arihant).</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will also serve as training platform for 6,000-tonne INS Arihant, which is to be followed by three more SSBNs being built at ship-building center at Vizag under secretive Rs 90,000 crore Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) programme.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Note:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> INS Arihant is India’s first indigenous nuclear-powered submarine with nuclear-tipped ballistic missiles (called SSBN in naval parlance). In November 2018, it had completed its first “first nuclear deterrence patrol”.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Whether INS Chakra III will be used for nuclear triad?</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Due to limitations under international treaties, nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN) like INS Chakra is not equipped with long-range nuclear missiles. So it will not be part of India’s nuclear triads.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Thus, it is not meant for “nuclear deterrent patrols” but can be used deadly as “hunter-killer” of enemy submarines and warships and is also equipped with land-attack conventional cruise missiles.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Moreover, it can also be deployed for ISR (intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance) missions due to its stealthy nature and capability to stay underwater for extended periods.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Other Submarines leased from Russia</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India Navy already has taken two more submarines from Russia on lease. Chakra III will be the third Russian submarine to be leased to Indian Navy.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">First Russian nuclear-powered submarine christened INS Chakra was taken in 1988 for three-year lease. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Second INS Chakra II was taken on lease in 2012 for period of 10 years. Its lease will expire in 2022 and India is looking at extending the lease.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Benefits of Nuclear-powered submarines </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can stay submerged for months at end as compared to conventional submarines which must surface or “snorkel” every few days to get oxygen to re-charge their diesel-electric batteries. </span></span></span></p>
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'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'India is world’s 2nd largest arms importer: SIPRI Report',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">According to latest report published by Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), India was world’s second largest arms importer from 2014-18, accounting for 9.5% of global defence purchases. Prior to this period, India was world’s largest arms importer. Now it has been replaced by Saudi Arabia, which accounted for 12% of total global arms imports during 2014-18 period.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Highlights of Report</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Global Scenario:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> The volume of international transfers of major arms in 2014-18 was 7.8% higher than in 2009-13 and 23% higher than in 2004-2008. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The flow of arms increased to Middle East between 2009-13 and 2014-18, while there was decrease in flows to all other regions</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Five largest arms exporters in 2014-18:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> United States, Russia, France, Germany and China together accounting for 75% of total volume of arms exports in 2014-18. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">10 largest arms importers in 2014-18:</span></strong> <span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Saudi Arabia (12%), India (9.5%), Egypt (5.1%), Australia (4.6%), Algeria (4.4%), China (4.2%), UAE (3.7%), Iraq (3,7%), South Korea (3.1%) and Vietnam (2.9%).</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">China:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It has emerged as major arms exporter and has increased its share by 2.7% for 2014-18 compared to 2009-13. Its biggest customers are Pakistan and Bangladesh.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Its arms imports decreased by 24% between 2009-13 and 2014-18, partly due to delays in deliveries of arms produced under licence from foreign suppliers, such as combat aircraft ordered from Russia in 2001 and submarines ordered from France in 2008, the report stated.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Russia accounted for 58% of Indian arms imports in 2014–18, compared with 76% in 2009-13. Israel, United States and France all increased their arms exports to India in 2014-18. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Russia will remain India’s arms supplier and its share in Indian imports will sharply go up for next five-year period as India signed several big-ticket deals recently, and more are in the pipeline. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These include S-400 air defence systems, four stealth frigates, AK-203 assault rifles, a second nuclear attack submarine on lease, and deals for Kamov-226T utility helicopters, Mi-17 helicopters and short-range air defence systems. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Pakistan:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It stood at the 11th position accounting for 2.7% of all global arms imports. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its biggest source was China, from which it purchased 70% of arms, followed by the US (8.9%) and Russia (6%).</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was established in 1966 and is based in Stockholm, Sweden.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It provides data, analysis and recommendations, based on open sources, to policymakers, researchers, media and the interested public.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was ranked among top three non-US world-wide think tanks in 2014 Global Go To Think Tanks Report by University of Pennsylvania Lauder Institute</span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'INS Khanderi: Second Scorpene submarine ready for induction',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy will second Scorpene submarine INS Khanderi by end April or early May 2019. This submarine was launched in January 2017 and has completed all trials. It is now in final stages of acceptance. It is the second of six submarines being built at Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL), Mumbai under technology transfer from Naval Group of France as part of <strong>Project 75</strong>.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">INS Khanderi</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is diesel-electric attack submarine of Kalvari-class. It is named after Maratha king Chhatrapati Shivaji's island fort Khanderi. Khanderi is also name for Tiger Shark.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its state-of-the-art features include superior stealth and ability to launch crippling attack on enemy using precision guided weapon. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can attack using torpedoes, as well as tube-launched anti-ship missiles, whilst on surface or underwater. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can operate in all theatres, including the tropics. Its stealth features give it invulnerability and makes difficult for enemy to detect it. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can undertake multifarious types of missions such as anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare, intelligence gathering, area surveillance, mine laying etc.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Project 75</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Under it, MDL Mumbai is manufacturing six Scorpene submarines under technology transfer from Naval Group of France under $3.75 billion contract signed in 2005. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Under it, 6 next generation diesel submarines are being built for Indian Navy. Entire project and induction of all submarines is expected to be completed by 2020.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These submarines are fitted with indigenously developed Air Independent Propulsion System (AIP) technology by DRDO for extended endurance.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The submarines are being built using modular approach in which different sections are built separately and later assembled on pontoon. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Progress of project</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">INS Kalvari was the first modern conventional submarine under this project to be inducted in service in December 2017.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The remaining submarines in the series are in advanced stages of manufacturing, assembling and sea trials. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The third in Scorpene series Karanj launched in January 2019 and is in advanced stage of trials and could be ready for induction by 2019 end.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Fourth submarine in series INS Vela is ready to be launched into water for trials by 2019 end.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The last two submarines INS Vagir and INS Vagsheer are in advanced stages of manufacturing on the assembly line.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'VC 11184: India’s first missile tracking ship undergoing sea trials',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India’s first missile tracking ocean surveillance ship (OSS) referred as <strong>VC 11184 </strong>is undergoing sea trials. On its induction in Indian Navy, it will be part India’s elaborate missile defence shield and will be primarily used for missile tracking including nuclear missiles. It already has successfully completed harbour trials. It will be shortly handed over to Ministry of Defence for induction.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">OSS VC 11184 </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is specialised Ocean Surveillance Ship (OSS) being built for National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO).</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been built by Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL). It is being referred to as yard number VC 11184. It will get formal name to be chosen by Indian Navy once it is inducted into the naval fleet.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been built under highly confidential project. Its keel was laid in June 2014. was built inside covered dry dock in Visakhapatnam to keep foreign satellites and spying attempts at bay. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has length of 175m, beam of 22m, depth of 6m. It has displacement of more than 10,000 tonnes and can attain maximum speed of 21 knots.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is powered by two imported 9000kW combined diesel engines and three 1200 ekW auxiliary generators.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has capacity to carry 300 crew with hi-tech gadgets and communication equipment. It also hosts large deck capable of helicopter landing. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is fitted with primary X band and secondary S band active electronically scanned array (AESA) radars. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In addition, it has long open deck with ample space to incorporate installing multiple missile tracking antennas.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be primarily used for missile tracking including nuclear missiles using its onboard sensors and radars. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be deployed for duties to support India’s strategic weapons programme. It will also be used to undertake electronic intelligence (ELINT) gathering. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">VC 11184 is India’s most advanced missile range instrumentation ship i.e. electronics and tracking and ocean surveillance ship.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be first dedicated element in Phase II of India’s ballistic missile defence (BMD) setup. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its main role will be tracking enemy missiles to accurately give data on tests that are routinely carried out of indigenous strategic missiles.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">With its induction, India will join elite of club of few countries that have such sophisticated ocean surveillance ship. Only four other countries — United States, Russia, China and France are operating similar missile survelliance vessels.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => '80th raising day of CRPF observed',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) observed its 80th raising day. The raising day ceremony was presided by National Security Advisor (NSA) Ajit Doval. CRPF was raised in 1939 as Crown Representatives Police during British rule and was granted President's colour on 19 March 1950 by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, first home minister of the country,</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is the largest central armed police force or paramilitary force in the world with over 246 Battalions and three-lakh-personnel.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is country's largest Central Armed Police Forces. It functions under Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). Its motto is “Service and Loyalty”.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was raised in 1939 as Crown Representatives Police during British rule. After independence it was giving statutory backing with enactment of CRPF Act, 1949. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Mandate: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Enable government to maintain rule of law, public order and internal security effectively and efficiently, preserve national integrity and promote social harmony and development by upholding supremacy of the Constitution.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Functions: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It assists State/Union Territories in police operations to maintain law and order and counter insurgency. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also engaged in anti-Naxal operations, counter-terrorism operations etc. It also performs duties such as VIP security, riot controlling, election duties, guarding vital installations.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It also operating abroad as part of Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) and the United Nations peacekeeping missions.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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(int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
'keyword' => 'defence-security',
'id' => (int) 546,
'title' => 'IAF inducts four CH-47 Chinook military helicopters',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian AirForce (IAF) inducted first batch of four CH-47F Chinook military helicopters into iys 126 Helicopter Unit (nicknamed Featherweigts) at Chandigarh. They will be also used for deploying troops and machinery at high altitude locations with India and Pakistan.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These four helicopters are 15 Chinook helicopters IAF is purchasing from US (manufactured by Boeing) as part of Rs. 8000 crore deal signed in 2015. The entire fleet of 15 Chinooks are expected to arrive in India by 2020. The second unit of these helicopters come up at Dinjan, Assam and will fortify India’s eastern border with China.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">CH-47F (I) Chinook helicopter </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is an advanced multi-role, vertical lift military helicopter manufactured by US aerospace company Boeing. It is twin-engined, tandem rotor, heavy-lift helicopter. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is named after Native American Chinook people of modern-day Washington state of US. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has fully integrated digital cockpit management system. It possesses several means of loading various cargoes. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has capacity to carry maximum payload capacity of 11 tonnes and 45 troops. It has an additional capacity to lift underslung load of up to 10 tonnes. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is capable of transporting fully-equipped infantry soldiers for specialised operations. Its top speed is of 170 knots (315 km/h). </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has 24X7 all-weather operational capabilities. It is highly manoeuvrable, which makes it suitable for operating in tough, dense terrain.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Applications</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">IAF will be using it proving logistics support for military opearions i.e. for transporting troops, fuel, artillery and equipment on the battlefield.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Besides, it will be also used during humanitarian and disaster relief (HADR) operations for mass evacuation missions, medical evacuation, disaster relief, search and recovery, fire-fighting and civil development.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will provide Indian armed forces with unmatched strategic airlift capability across full spectrum of combat and humanitarian missions. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will enhance IAF’s heavy-lift chopper capabilities to deliver payloads to high altitudes. It will help to lift M-777 ultra-light howitzers of the Indian armed forces.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will also replace IAF’s existing fleet of Russia made four gigantic Mi-26s transport helicopters. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
'keyword' => 'defence-security',
'id' => (int) 549,
'title' => 'ABHEDYA: Indian Navy commissions Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Training Facility',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy has commissioned Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Training Facility (NBCTF) ABHEDYA at INS Shivaji in Lonavala, Maharashtra. This unique facility will assist Indian Navy in providing realistic simulation of Nuclear, Chemical and Biological (NBC) warfare to its personnel during their NBC damage control training, which till now was largely limited to theoretical training.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">NBCTF ABHEDYA</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been christened "Abhedya", a Sanskrit term which means impenetrable in English. It symbolises protective cover that is provided on naval ships which are fitted with nuclear, biological and chemical detection and protection systems. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This facility has been built by Goa Shipyard Limited. It will help train personnel of naval ships fitted with NBC detection and protection systems. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will provide realistic training to naval personnel in detection, protection against and decontamination of NBC agents.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The steel structure of this simulator facility represents relevant NBC compartment of ship such as upper decks, citadels, cleansing stations, DCHQ, etc.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its upper deck compartment is equipped with live agents along with NBC equipment such as SIRS, SICADS and other NBC detection and monitoring equipment. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will train trainees in detecting, monitoring, surveying and decontaminating areas using actual NBC equipment, providing real time NBC scenarios.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">INS Shivaji </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is premier Technical Training Establishment of Indian Navy that trains officers and sailors of marine engineering branch and equips them with professional skills and expertise. It is located in Lonavala, Maharashtra.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was commissioned in February 1945 as HMIS Shivaji. It is located close to the Bhushi Dam. It is located on 876 acres of land.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It houses Naval College of Engineering which trains officers of the Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy's Center for Marine Engineering Technology and Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Defence (NBCD) School are also based here.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is celebrating its platinum jubilee year in 2019-20. The theme this celebration is "Propelling the Indian Navy since 1945".</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'Indian Army flags its first Mt Makalu Mountaineering Expedition',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Army has flagged off its first Mountaineering Expedition to Mt Makalu (8485m) as part of its objective of summiting all challenging peaks above 8000M. This expedition comprises five Officers, two JCOs and eleven OR was flagged off by Director General Military Training. The team has trained for last six months as part of preparation to fulfill the daunting task. It will embark for t challenging mission from New Delhi and will set up six camps enroute to summit point on Mt Makalu.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Mt Makalu</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is the fifth highest mountain in the world at 8,485 metres. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is located in Mahalangur Himalayas, southeast of Mount Everest, on the border between Nepal and Tibet, China.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is an isolated peak whose shape is a four-sided pyramid It is notorious for its steep pitches and knife-edged ridges that are completely open.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is considered amongst the most dangerous peaks and summiting it is considered extremely challenging due to harsh weather conditions and freezing temperatures.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It tests climbers for technical acumen, mental and physical courage and their determination to reach atop Mt Makalu.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Team of American climbers led by Riley Keegan were first to climb it in the spring of 1954.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => '2nd joint logistics node of tri-services become operational in Mumbai',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The second joint logistics node of tri-services has become operational at Naval base in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It will provide logistical support to all three defence services and improve utilisation of resources, manpower and remove duplication. The first JLN consisting of the three services was set up at Andaman and Nicobar Islands in 2018. The third logistic node is in process and is likely to come up in Guwahati, Assam and it will only be among Indian Army and Air Force.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Logistics node at Mumbai</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is led by Indian Navy. It will speed up procurement and improve maintenance of military assets</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be used by three services to procure rations, critical spares, and ammunition for basic weapons like rifles used by Indian Navy, Air Force and Army.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will give Indian defense forces much-needed advantage against their adversaries, particularly those using the sea route from Pakistan.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Until recently, three armed forces had separate facilities for logistics and maintenance. But there was demand for enhancing inter-operability and synergy among the three services was long standing issue. The first decision in principle to have joint logistical node was taken in 2008. Such nodes were planned in areas where two or more services are located to cater to logistical needs. Government is planning to set up similar nodes at 12 or 13 locations in western and north-eastern sectors in phased manner.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Joint logistics node comprises of three elements</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ol style="list-style-type:lower-roman">
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Joint Logistics Command & Control Centre (JLC&CC):</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It is overall command organisation, </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Tri-services Detachment at Material Organisation (TRIDAMO): It </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">will meet logistical needs of the armed forces and </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Triservices Advanced Detachment (TRISAD):</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It is based on mainland and responsible for sending troops and equipment to the nodes. </span></span></span></li>
</ol>
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(int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'Dhanush: Indian Army inducts first indigenous artillery guns',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Army has inducted first indigenously manufactured 155mm x 45mm calibre Dhanush Howitzer artillery guns. It will be third type of artillery gun to be inducted into Indian Army after K-9 Vajra and the M-777 ultra-light howitzers in recent times after Bofors artillery was inducted in 1980s.The induction comes after Dhanush was tested to withstand extreme conditions like rainfall and snow, and have also been built for use in multiple terrains, from plains, to sand and especially in hilly areas. Indian Army had placed bulk order for 110 Dhanus artillery guns with Ordnance Factory.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Dhanush Artillery Gun </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is first indigenous 155 mm x 45 calibre long-range artillery guns developed by Ordnance Factory Board (OFB), Kolkata based on requirements of Indian Army. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also called desi Bofors as it is upgraded version of Swedish 155-mm Bofors howitzers, which India procured in mid-1980s, based on its original designs. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It far more technologically superior to Bofors due to modifications made to the barrel to help improve its accuracy. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been electronically upgraded to enhance its firing accuracies, laying speeds and compatibility with various kinds of ammo as.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its armament system comprises barrel, breech mechanism, muzzle brake and recoil mechanism to fire 155 mm calibre ammunitions. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It require crew of six to eight artillerymen and is capable of firing eight rounds per minutes.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has strike range of 38 kilometres (11 km more than imported Bofors guns) with high accuracy and precision. Depending on type of ammunition used it can provide greater fire power. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is equipped with inertial navigation-based sighting system, on-board ballistic computation, auto-laying facility and advanced day and night direct firing system. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can accommodate both boll bags and bi-modular charge system (BMCS) which have resulted in increasing range. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has advanced day and night direct firing system. It is capable of firing projectiles at relatively higher angle with a steep angle of descent.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has several significant advance features including all-electric drive, high mobility, quick deployability, auxiliary power mode, advanced communication system and automated command and control system. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has six round magazine as compared to standard three round. It weighs slightly more than normal artillery guns due to larger chamber. It has been mechanically upgraded to fire standard NATO 155 mm ammunition.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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(int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'Indian Navy gets indigenous combat management system for INS Vikrant',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy has received Combat Management System (CMS) for first indigenous aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant. It has been privately co-developed by Tata Power Strategic Engineering Division and Electronics System Engineering Establishment and MARS of Russia. <strong>It is the first CMS to be developed by private industry for Indian Navy and for indigenous aircraft carrier.</strong></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Combat Management System (CMS)</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is computer system that integrates and connects aircraft carrier’s sensors, weapons and delivery systems, data links, instruction lines to staff performing combat task. It synergises all its capabilities under one command, thus making tasks of sensor control, sensor data fusion, threat evaluation and weapons control all the more effective and induce more sync.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is major landmark on Indian Navy’s thrust towards Government’s policy of 'Make in India' to encourage indigenous development and promoting private industry participation. Prior accepting CMS, its system software and hardware were subjected to rigorous acceptance trials and has successfully cleared all acceptance tests, endurance and full load trials.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">INS Vikrant</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is India’s first indigenously-built largest aircraft carrier. It is also called IAC-1. It is in its third and final phase of construction at Kochi shipyard and the sea trials are expected to begin by mid-2020. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will employ Short Take-Off But Arrested Recovery (STOBAR) mechanism with ski-jump and arrestor cables to launch and recover aircraft. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can operate 20 fighter jets and 10 other supportive aircraft. MiG-29K fighter aircrafts which are currently in service with Indian Navy will operate from its deck. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian navy is also keen on second indigenous aircraft carrier IAC-2 or INS Vishal. It will be much bigger, indigenous, super carrier and it is currently in design phase and is expected to be operational by 2030.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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(int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'US approves sale of 24 MH 60 Romeo Seahawk helicopters to India',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">United States (US) has approved sale of 24 multi-role MH-60 'Romeo' Seahawk helicopters to India at estimated cost of $2.4 billion. These are formidable anti-submarine hunter helicopters designed for hunting submarines as well as knocking out ships and conducting search-and-rescue operations at sea. These helicopters will be deployed with Indian Navy and </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">MH-60 Romeo Seahawk helicopter </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is considered to be the world’s most advanced maritime helicopter. It is built by Lockheed Martin. It is designed to hunt down submarines, as well as knock out ships and conduct search-and-rescue operations at sea.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is the most capable naval helicopter available at present designed to operate from frigates, destroyers, cruisers and aircraft carriers. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is considered as cornerstone of US Navy's Helicopter Concept of Operations. It is deployed by US Navy primarily for anti-submarine warfare anti-surface weapon system for open ocean and littoral zones.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance of this deal</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This proposed sale will support foreign policy and national security of US by helping to strengthen US-Indian strategic relationship. It will also not alter military balance in the region.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will help to replenish India Navy's aging fleet of British-made Sea King helicopters. It will provide the Indian Navy capability to perform anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare missions. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Besides, it will also enhance performance of secondary missions including vertical replenishment, search and rescue, and communications relay, naval gunfire support and logistics support.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Induction of these helicopters will add lethal capabilities of Indian Navy, which is the need of the hour given the aggressive behaviour of China in the Indian Ocean region.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will improve security of India which is major defensive partner of US and continues to be important force for political stability, peace, and economic progress in the Indo-Pacific and South Asia region.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India, which had estranged relations with US during Cold War, now has emerged as one of its leading defense partner. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This primarily due interests of world's two largest democracies largely overlapping amid their concerns over a rising China and Islamist extremism<strong>. </strong></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India is concerned by China's growing interest in its backwaters especially in Indian Ocean as it becomes global naval power. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In strategy dubbed by Indian and US observers as "string of pearls," China has made use of growing number of naval bases in Indian Ocean, most notably Gwadar port it is developing in Pakistan. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India has responded to China’s strategy with doctrine to ensure freedom of movement throughout Indian Ocean, stretching from Strait of Malacca to Strait of Hormuz.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Army has successfully built longest suspension bridge over the Indus River in the Leh-Ladakh region. It has been named ‘Matiri Bridge’, symbolising excellent civil-military relations existing in the Leh-Ladakh region. The bridge was inaugurated by war veterans who were part of 1947-48, 1962, 1971 and 1999 wars in Jammu and Kashmir.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Matiri Bridge</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is suspension Bridge constructed over Indus River by combat engineers of Sahas aur Yogyata regiment of Indian Army’s Fire & Fury Corps.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is 260-feet long, making it longest Suspension Bridge over Indus River. It has been built in a record time of 40 days. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is shortest time taken by Indian Army built to build any suspension bridge of this length. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Locals from nearby villages of Choglamsar, Stok and Chuchot also had helped Indian Army in the construction of the bridge.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'COMCASA: First secure link between India, US navies set up',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India and United States (US) have set up first ever secure communication link between naval headquarters in New Delhi and US Central as well as Pacific Naval Commands. This link has been set up under landmark Indo-US Communications, Compatibility & Security Agreement (COMCASA) signed by both countries in September 2018. US also has activated Selective Availability Anti-Spoofing Module GPS system in some of C-130 and C-17 transport aircrafts which India had bought from it as result of implementation of COMCASA.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is major boost to India’s defence diplomacy. These two upgrades will allow both sides to share real-time operational intelligence. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will enable both sides to operate on same communication systems, thus helping build interoperable environment for militaries.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The establishment of secure active link between two navies is significant step forward as India will gain access to latest US naval intelligence besides conducting joint operations in the future.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Prior to signing of COMCASA, US could not part with highly coded communication gear with military platforms it had sold to India. As a result, India had to depend on less secure systems on high-end platforms like C-130Js and tP8I maritime surveillance aircraft, among others bought from US.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA) </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> is one of the four foundational defence cooperation agreements that guides US high technology cooperation in defence sector with other countries. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is tweaked version of Communication and Information on Security Memorandum of Agreement (CISMOA) signed by with other countries to reflect India-specific nature.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was signed in September 2018 signed at end of inaugural India-US ‘2+2’ Ministerial Dialogue held in New Delhi. It will be valid for 10 years.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It facilitates use and installation of high-end secured communication equipment on military platforms being sold to India by US to fully exploit their potential. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It provides legal framework for transfer of communication security equipment from US to India.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This will facilitate interoperability between armed forces of both countries and potentially with other militaries that use US-origin systems for secure data links. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Interoperability under this pact means that there will be access to encrypted and secret technologies or communications.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">US has assured India that it will not share data from Indian platforms with another country, nor access this data without prior permission. Besides choice to upgrade under it will rest with India and will not be wholly determined by US.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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(int) 16 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'LCU L56: Indian Navy commissions sixth Landing Craft Utility ship',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy inducted sixth ship of Landing Craft Utility (LCU) Mk-IV class dubbed as IN LCU L56. It will enhance Indian Navy's amphibious operations capability including transport of troops, tanks and equipment.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy has ordered total eight LCU Mark-IV vessels built under LCU Mk-IV project. The remaining two LCU ships of project are in advanced stage of construction and are scheduled to be inducted into Indian Navy by end of 2019.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">LCU L56 Mk-IV</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is an amphibious ship with displacement of 830 Tons and can sail through sea at speed of 15kt.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been designed and built indigenously by Kolkata based Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) under LCU Mk-IV project.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can carry 160 troops and transporting 145 tons of military equipment. It will be based at Andaman and Nicobar Command of Indian Navy.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is fitted with various advanced systems such as the Integrated Bridge System (IBS) and Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS).</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also fitted with indigenous CRN 91 Gun with Stabilised Optronic Pedestal. It will provide ship offensive capability for undertaking patrolling.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Applications</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its primary role is of transportation and deployment of Main Battle Tanks (MTBs), armoured vehicles, troops and equipment from ship to shore.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be also used for multirole activities like beaching operations, search and rescue, disaster relief operations, supply and replenishment and evacuation from distant islands.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Induction of LCU ships will contribute to India’s maritime security needs and help to accomplish its quest for self-reliance in shipbuilding under Make in India initiative.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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(int) 17 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'GRSE becomes 1st Indian Shipyard to deliver 100 Warships',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) became the first shipyard in the country to deliver 100 warships. Its 100th warship landing craft utility (LCU) L-56 was recently handed over to Indian Navy. 100 warships built by GRSE so far range from anti-submarine warfare corvettes to advanced frigates to fleet tankers, fast attack crafts, etc for Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE)</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is defence PSU having Miniratna status functioning under Union Ministry of Defence.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is one of India’s leading state-owned shipyards. It is located in Kolkata, West Bengal. </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It builds and repairs commercial and naval vessels for Indian Navy and Coast Gaurd. It also exports ships to friendly countries. </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was established in 1884 as small privately owned company on Hooghly River in Kolkata. It was nationalised by Government in 1960.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The first vessel delivered to the Navy was INS Ajay in 1961. It was seaward defence boat. Since then it has played key role in national security of country.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has built all kinds of vessels ranging from 5-tonne fast-interceptor crafts to 24,600-tonne fleet tanker INS Aditya,</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Currently it is building three large stealth frigates for Indian Navy with latest gas-turbine propulsion systems under P17A Project. </span></span></span></li>
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'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'Project 75I: Indian Navy kicks off lethal submarine project',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy has initiated acquisition procedure to procure six new-generation conventional stealth submarines under ambitious 'Project-75 India' at estimated outlay of Rs.50,000 crore. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has initiated tender process by issuing initial Expression of Interest (EoI) to foreign vendors willing to participate in this mega-project along with Indian Partners under strategic partnership model. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The acquisition procedure comes after Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) chaired by Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman had approved this project in February 2019.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Project-75 India</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is follow-on of Project 75 Kalvari-class or Scorpene class submarines for Indian Navy. Under it, the Indian Navy intends to acquire 6 new-generation conventional stealth submarines. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Submarines under it will be constructed in Indian shipyards under strategic partnership model between foreign vendor and its Indian partner.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These submarines will be almost 50% bigger than under-construction Scorpene class submarines being built at the Mazagon Dockyards Limited in Mumbai.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These submarines will have advanced stealth capabilities such as greater ability to suppress noise and acoustic signatures. They will also be outfitted with Air-independent propulsion (AIP) fuel cells which can significantly increase submerged endurance and operational range.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">They will have advanced detection range and combat management system besides better sensors for optimum performance. Their weapon system will be mix of torpedoes and missiles.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">They will have vertical launch system (VLS) to enable them to carry multiple Brahmos supersonic cruise missiles, making them fully capable of anti-surface (land attack) and anti-ship warfare missions.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy’s Requirement</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It wants Project 75 I submarines to be equipped with heavy-duty firepower, having 12 Land Attack Cruise Missiles (LACM) along with Anti-Ship cruise missiles (ASCM). It also want these submarines to have capacity to carry and launch 18 heavyweight torpedoes in the sea.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">P75I project is part of 30-year submarine building plan that ends in 2030. As part of this plan, India seeks to have 24 submarines — 18 conventional submarines and six nuclear-powered submarines (SSNs) in its fleet to manage its area of responsibility stretching from Malacca Straits to the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and for effective deterrence. Indian Navy is looking to build its assets to consolidate its supremacy in strategically important IOR where Chinese Navy also operates. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy has fleet of more than 100 submarines and surface warships. It currently possesses 14 conventional submarines, including Scorpene. But only half are operational at any given point of time. India Navy also has two nuclear-powered submarines INS Arihant (SSBN, a ballistic missile submarine) and INS Chakra (SSN, a nuclear-powered one) leased from Russia.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Recently, in March 2019 India had sealed a US $3 billion deal with Russia for leasing of nuclear-powered attack submarine (INS Chakra III) for Indian Navy for a period of 10 years. Under this deal, Russia will have to deliver Chakra III, an Akula class submarine, to the Indian Navy by 2025. It will be the third Russian submarine to be leased to the Indian Navy.</span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'Veer Parivar App launched for families of martyred CRPF troops',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">President Ram Nath Kovind has launched Veer Parivar App for families of Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) personnel killed in the line of duty. It was launched on the occasion of the CRPF's 'Valour Day' observed on April 9.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Veer Parivar App</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is android-based app that aims to act as interface between CRPF authorities and the next of kin of the slain personnel. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will provide all assistance to families of the martyred CRPF personnel with regard to issuance of ex gratia, pensionary benefits on real-time basis.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will also provide all information regarding welfare schemes introduced for them by the government.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be installed by CRPF officials securely on phone of families and will not be available over the app stores. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">CRPF headquarters in Delhi and various group centres across the country will respond to the issues of family of slain CRPF personnel.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">CRPF Valour Day</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is observed to tribute to heroic action of small contingent of 2nd Battalion of CRPF which on April 9, 1965 had successfully fought and repulsed attack by Pakistani Brigade on Sardar Post in Rann of Kutch, Gujarat. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In this action, CRPF men had eliminated 34 Pakistani soldiers and capturing four alive. This was first in history of military battles, handful of policemen had fought back a full-fledged infantry Brigade in such manner. In this conflict, six valiant CRPF men also attained martyrdom. </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'Indian army receives first batch of 6 Dhanush artillery guns',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Army has received first batch of 6 indigenously manufactured 155mm x 45mm calibre Dhanush artillery guns from Ordnance Factory Board (OFB), Jabalpur. The first Dhanush regiment with 18 guns is expected to be ready by the end 2020. These guns will be deployed along India’s borders with Pakistan and China. Indian Army had placed bulk order for 110 Dhanus artillery guns with OFB. It will be third type of artillery gun to be inducted into Indian Army after K-9 Vajra and the M-777 ultra-light howitzers in recent times after Bofors artillery was inducted in 1980s.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Dhanush Artillery Gun</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is first indigenous 155 mm x 45 calibre long-range artillery guns developed by OFB based on requirements of Indian Army.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also called desi Bofors as it is upgraded version of Swedish 155-mm Bofors howitzers, procured by India in mid-1980s.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It far more technologically superior to Bofors due to modifications made to the barrel to help improve its accuracy.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has 81% indigenous content and by the end of 2019, it will go up to 91%. It has been electronically upgraded to enhance its firing accuracies, laying speeds and compatibility with various kinds of ammo as.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its armament system comprises barrel, breech mechanism, muzzle brake and recoil mechanism to fire 155 mm calibre ammunitions.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It require crew of six to eight artillerymen and is capable of firing eight rounds per minutes.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has strike range of 38 kilometres (11 km more than imported Bofors guns) with high accuracy and precision. Depending on type of ammunition used it can provide greater fire power upto 38km.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is equipped with inertial navigation-based sighting system, on-board ballistic computation, auto-laying facility and advanced day and night direct firing system.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can accommodate both boll bags and bi-modular charge system (BMCS) which have resulted in increasing range.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has advanced day and night direct firing system. It is capable of firing projectiles at relatively higher angle with a steep angle of descent.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has several significant advance features including all-electric drive, high mobility, quick deployability, auxiliary power mode, advanced communication system and automated command and control system.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has six round magazine as compared to standard three round. It weighs slightly more than normal artillery guns due to larger chamber. It has been mechanically upgraded to fire standard NATO 155 mm ammunition.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'Indian Navy inaugurates Virtual Reality Centre',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy has inaugurated new state-of-the-art Virtual Reality Centre (VRC) at Directorate of Naval Design (Surface Ship Group) in New Delhi. It will provide major boost to indigenous warship design capabilities of Indian Navy.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Virtual Reality Centre (VRC)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It aims to also provide impetus to self-reliance and greater fillip to warship construction under 'Make in India' initiative of Central Government.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will provide major boost to indigenous warship design capabilities of Indian Navy. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will facilitate collaborative design reviews for continuous interaction between designers and end-users to improve design and ergonomics onboard warships.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Directorate of Naval Design (Submarine Design Group) </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is premier organization of Indian Navy for design of submarines and submersibles. It had started its operations in 1960s and since then has made major contributions towards indigenous warship design capabilities of Indian Navy and improving self-reliance for warship design and construction.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It provides platform design of underwater vessels- From Concept design to Detailed design, supports indigenous development of submarine systems and equipment and provides comprehensive design support for project execution. It also provides design support for modernization of operational submarines. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has successfully developed 19 warship designs on which more than 90 platforms have been constructed till date.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Virtual Reality (VR)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is the use of computer technology to create simulated real world in virtaul environment. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Unlike traditional user interfaces, it places user inside experience. Instead of viewing screen in front of them, users are immersed and able to interact with 3D world. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Using VR devices users can be transported into number of real-world and imagined environments. It leads to complete immersion experience by shutting out physical world.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is different as compared to augmented reality (AR), which adds digital elements to live view often by using camera on smartphone. Its best example is Pokemon Go game.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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(int) 22 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'Nirbhay missile successfully test fired',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully test-fired long-range sub-sonic cruise missile 'Nirbhay'. It was fired from launch complex-3 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur, Balasore district of Odisha.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">About Test </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was sixth developmental flight trial/test of this missile which was successful and meet all its mission objectives. Its last successful trial was conducted in November 2017 and was successful. Previous three of its five previous tests were unsuccessful to varying degrees.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">NIRBHAY Missile </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is India’s first indigenously developed <strong>Long Range Sub-Sonic Cruise Missile. It has been developed by DRDO.</strong></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has blending of missile and aeronautical technologies, which allows it to take off vertically like missile and cruise horizontally at supersonic speed like an aircraft.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is <strong>two stage missile</strong>, <strong>powered by solid rocket motor booster</strong> developed by Advanced Systems Laboratory (ASL) of DRDO.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has <strong>operational range of 1000 km</strong> and can carry warheads of up to 300 kg both <strong>conventional as well as nuclear warheads</strong>. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has top speed of 0.7 Mach. It can be launched from various kind of platforms and is capable to engage several targets in a single flight. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is capable of flying at different altitudes ranging from 100 m to 4 km above ground as it has two side wings. It can also fly at low altitudes (like low tree level) to avoid detection by enemy radar.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is terrain hugging missile i.e. has loitering capability which enables it to encircle area of its target for several minutes and then hits bull’s eye’ on opportune time.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its guidance, control and navigation system is configured around indigenously designed Ring Laser Gyroscope (RLG) and MEMS based Inertial Navigation System (INS) along with GPS system.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is currently under development and undergoing flight trials. On induction, it will supplement role played by Brahmos missile for Indian Armed Forces by delivering warheads farther than the 450 km range of Brahmos.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'metatitle' => 'Nirbhay missile successfully test fired | Current Affairs',
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'title' => 'Indian Coast Guard commissions OPV Veera',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Coast Guard (IGC) commissioned new Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) Veera at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. It is third in the series of the new generation OPV. It will help IGC to monitor maritime boundaries more effectively and add to its maritime strength.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">OPV Veera</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been built by Larsen & Toubro (L&T) at its shipbuilding facility at Kattupalli in Chennai.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is 97-meter long and 15-meter wide. It has 3.6 m draft and range of 5,000 nautical miles. It can attain top speed of 26 knots.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is armed with two 12.7 mm heavy machine guns (HMGs) and 30 mm Naval gun with fire control system.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also equipped with integrated bridge system (IBS), integrated platform management system (IPMS) and high power external fire-fighting system. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can carry one twin engine helicopter and four high-speed boats, including two inflatable boats for search and rescue, boarding operation, law enforcement and maritime patrol. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'Marine Lizard: China develops world’s first armed amphibious drone boat',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">China has successfully tested world's first armed drone boat named Marine Lizard. It will be used in land assault operations and is capable of forming a combat triad with aerial drones and other drone ships.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Marine Lizard</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been built by Wuchang Shipbuilding Industry Group under China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC).</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can be remotely controlled via satellites. It is 12-meter-long and propelled by a diesel-powered hydrojet.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can reach maximum speed of 50 knots while maintaining stealth. It has maximum operation range of 1,200 kms. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can autonomously sail, avoid obstacles and plan routes, On approaching land, it can release four continuous track units hidden under its belly and travel at 20 kms an hour land.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can carry payloads such as electro-optical system and radar system. It is equipped with two machine guns and vertical launching system for anti-ship and anti-aircraft missiles.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can remain dormant on an uninhabited island for up to eight months before engaging in combat once it receives orders. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is guided by China's BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. It can cooperate with other battle units in sea-land-air integrated command system.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Applications:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It is suitable for island assault operations as swarm of such drone ships could lead attack following first wave of artillery and air strikes. It can discover enemy positions and provide suppressive fire as troops follow. It can also be used for coastal defence.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></li>
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'title' => 'INS Imphal: Indian Navy launches missile destroyer',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Indian Navy has launched advanced stealth guided missile destroyer <strong>INS Imphal</strong> in water at Mazagon Docks in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is third in series of four stealth guided missile destroyer of Visakhapatnam class built indigenously under Project-15B. It is the first warship to be christened after city in the north-east. It is expected to be commissioned in 2023.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">INS Imphal</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">It was built indigenously by government-run Mazgaon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd. It has been named after Imphal, capital city of Manipur.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">It has displacement of 7,300 tonne with maximum speed of over 30 knots. It has been fitted with multi-mission radar for surveillance purpose along with medium range air and surface surveillance radar and other advanced electronic warfare and decoys. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">It is equipped with surface-to-air missiles, surface-to-surface missiles and anti-submarine rocket launchers. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">It is also capable of carrying two multi role anti-submarine warfare helicopters. It is fitted also with Barak-8 long-range missiles.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Project 15 Bravo (Project 15B) </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">It was sanctioned by Union Government in 2011. Under it four Visakhapatnam class stealth guided missile destroyers are being indigenously developed and built at Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL), Mumabi.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">This class of destroyers are to be largest destroyers to be operated by the Indian Navy. These destroyers are improved version of Kolkata-class (Project 15A) destroyers and have enhanced stealth features.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">The first ship of this project, <strong>INS Visakhapatnam</strong> was launched in April 2015 and is expected to be commissioned in 2021. Second ship <strong>INS Mormugao</strong> was launched in September 2016 and will be commissioned in 2022. Fourth ship <strong>INS Porbandar</strong> is under construction and will be commissioned in 2024.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Missile destroyers of this class are modern warships spanning 163-metre in length and 17.4-metre at beam and have displacement of 7,300-tonne.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">These ships are propelled by four gas turbines to achieve speed in excess of 30 knots. They can also operate two multi-role helicopters each,</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">They also incorporate new design concepts for improved survivability, sea keeping, stealth and manoeuvrability.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">They have enhanced stealth due to unique shape of hull and use of radar transparent deck fitting, which make these ships difficult to detect.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">These ships are packed with array of state-of-the-art weapons and sensors, including multi-functional surveillance radars, vertically launched missile system for long-distance engagement of shore, sea-based and air targets.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Naming Tradition of warships by Indian Navy</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">As per ongoing naming tradition of indigenously-constructed destroyers (which are second only to aircraft carriers in size and combat power), after a state capital or big city e.g. INS Mumbai, INS Delhi, INS Mysore, INS Kolkata, INS Kochi and INS Chennai. Similarly, slightly smaller frigates are named after mountain ranges, rivers or weapons like INS Sahaydri, INS Shivalik and INS Trishul. The smaller corvettes are named after smaller personal weapons like INS Kirpan and INS Khanjar.</span></span></span></span></p>
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(int) 26 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'Naval Commanders’ Conference to be held in New Delhi',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">The first edition of Naval Commanders’ Conference in 2019 is scheduled to be held at New Delhi from 23 to 25 April 2019. The conference is the apex forum within Service for institutionalised interaction between Naval Commanders and senior Government Officials. It is a biannual conference i.e. it is held twice a year.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">The conference will provide the higher naval leadership a forum to discuss the emerging challenges in the maritime domain. It also assumes greater significance in backdrop of Pulwama associated events that have brought country's defence under sharper focus.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Naval Commanders’ Conference 2019</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Top commanders of Indian Navy will extensively deliberate on emerging challenges facing the country in the maritime domain and review the evolving security dynamics in the region. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Chief of the Naval Staff, with the Commanders-in-Chief, will review major operational, materiel, logistics, Human Resource, training and administrative activities undertaken during the previous six months and deliberate upon the course to be steered in the ensuing six months. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">The themes of conference includes 'Functional Reorganisation of Indian Navy towards improving Operational Efficiency' and 'Optimal Manning' will form the core of discussions.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Moreover, there will be interaction with chiefs of Indian Army and Indian Air Force during conference. It will be utilised to analyse operational environment, deliberate on tri-service synergy and readiness to deter and neutralise threats aimed at the country's sovereignty and territorial integrity.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Significance</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">The Conference assumes greater significance in backdrop of Pulwama associated events. It is expected to fine-tune Indian Navy's strategy for responding to any possible threats. It will discuss overall security challenges in the backdrop of the Pulwama attack and developments thereafter.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'id' => (int) 830,
'title' => 'C-441: Indian Coast Guard commissions new vessel',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Coast Guard has commissioned new interceptor vessel IGCS C-441 at Vizhinjam harbour, Thiruvananthapuram. It is seventh interceptor vessel amongst the series designed and built indigenously by L & T Surat.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">IGCS C-441</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has overall length of 27.8 metres, displacement 106 tonnes and maximum speed of 45 knots (83 km/hr),</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is equipped with twin diesel engines, twin water jet propulsion. It has endurance of 500 NM at 25 knots of speed. It also has infrared surveillance.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is fitted with state-of-the-art communication, navigational equipment and with light, medium and heavy automatic machine gun onboard as the main armament.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Operation Capability:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It is capable of operating in shallow waters as well as in deep seas. It can undertake diverse tasks such as close coast surveillance, interdiction, search and rescue and helping boats and crafts in distress at sea. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its induction into the inventory of Indian Coast Guard in Southern Coast of Kerala is expected to enhance the security and safety of coastal area in this region and strengthen coastal security apparatus of the nation.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'GRSE to build 8 Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Union Ministry of Defence has awarded Rs. 6,000 crore contract to Kolkata based Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited (GRSE) to build eight Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts (ASWSWCs) for Indian Navy. Under this contract, GRSE will deliver first vessel within 42 months i.e. by October 2022, after that it deliver two more ASWSWCs annually, completing delivery of all eight vessels by April 2026. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">These ASWSWCs will enhance capability of Indian Navyto detect enemy submarines in Arabian Sea, where unusually shallow sea bed reflects sonar signals emitted by submarine hunting vessels. It will remove the gap in masking signals reflected off enemy submarine and sea bed, which was making earlier for Indian Navy difficult to detect submarines.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts (ASWSWC)</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">They will be designed for deep displacement of 750 tonnes. It has speed of 25 knots and complement of 57. </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The design and construction of these ships will be as per Classification Society Rules and Naval Ship Regulations. They will conform to latest Marine Pollution Standards of International Maritime Organization (IMO) and Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS).</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Features:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> These ASWSWCs will be equipped with highly advanced state-of-the-art integrated platform management systems including Propulsion Machinery, Power Generation, Auxiliary Machinery and Distribution Machinery and Damage Control Machinery, etc.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">They will be also equipped with sophisticated sonar with algorithm that differentiates signals reflected off enemy submarine from those bouncing off the sea bed.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">These vessels will also have ability to sprint fast for short bursts in order to maintain contact with a submarine it detects. </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">They also have sophisticated data link networks for sharing information about enemy submarines with friendly anti-submarine warships and aircraft.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Functions:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> They will be capable of full-scale sub surface surveillance of coastal waters, search and attack unit (SAU) and Coordinated ASW operations with aircraft. In addition, they also have capability to interdict/ destroy sub surface targets in coastal waters. They can also be deployed for Search and Rescue during day and night in coastal areas. In their secondary role, these are also capable to prosecute intruding aircraft and lay mines in sea bed.</span></span></span></li>
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(int) 29 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
'keyword' => 'defence-security',
'id' => (int) 977,
'title' => 'India's military spending up by 3.1%:SIPRI',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">According to SIPRI Military Expenditure Database, India's total military spending increased by 3.1</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">to $66.5 billion in 2018. Whereas, total world military expenditure has rose to $1.8 trillion in 2018, representing an increase of 2.6</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> from 2017.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Key Highlights of SIPRI Military Expenditure Database</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World military expenditure:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It has increased to $1.8 trillion in 2018. It accounted to 2.1</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">% of global gross domestic product (GDP) or $239 per person. This has reached its highest level in 2018 since end of Cold War. This growth is mainly fueled by increased spending by US and China, the world's two biggest economies.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Reason for rise in military expenditure</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">: It is fueled by tensions between countries in Asia as well as between China and US. In 2018, US and China collectively accounted for half of world’s military spending. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Five biggest military spenders in 2018: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">United States, China, Saudi Arabia, India and France. These top five countries together accounted for 60</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> of global military spending.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">United States:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Its military spending grewfor the first time since 2010—by 4.6</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> to reach $649 billion in 2018. It has remained by far largest spender in world and spent almost as much on its military in 2018 as next eight largest-spending countries combined.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">China:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is second-largest spender in world, increased its military expenditure by 5</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> to $250 billion in 2018. It also represented 14</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of world spending. It was 24th consecutive year of increase in Chinese military expenditure and 10 times higher than the amount spent by China in 1994. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Its military spending increased by 3.1</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">to $66.5 billion in 2018. India’s defence budget has remained less than 2</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of the GDP.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Pakistan:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Its military expenditure grew by 11</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">%to reach $11.4 billion in 2018. It is same level of growth as seen in 2017.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. It was established in 1966 and is based in Stockholm, Sweden. It provides data, analysis and recommendations based on open sources to policymakers, researchers and media etc.</span></span></span></p>
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(int) 30 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'id' => (int) 1009,
'title' => 'Sri Lanka bans preaching religious, radical ideologies glorifying terrorism',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Government of Sri Lanka has issued orders to ban any person from preaching religious, extremist or radical ideologies that glorify terrorism. It also banned any foreigner from preaching any such ideology and few persons involved in it have been deported. Following the order, peace TV owned by controversial Indian Muslim Cleric Zakir Naik has been banned and taken off the air by all cable and satellite networks. Peace TV channel already is banned in several countries including India. This decision of Sri Lankan government comes as part of series of measure after April 21, 2019 Easter bombings including banning few fundamentalist organizations and ban any form of face covering in public including use of burqa.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Easter bombings</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">On 21 April 2019, Easter Sunday, three Christian churches in Sri Lanka and three luxury hotels in Colombo city were targeted in series of coordinated terrorist suicide bombings. It had killed 253 people (majority are Sri Lankans) including at least 42 foreign nationals. The church bombings were carried out during Easter services in Batticaloa, Negombo and Colombo. The seven of suicide bombers in attacks were citizen of Sri Lanka associated with local militant Islamist group- National Thowheeth Jamaath (NTJ) with suspected foreign ties. It is alleged that these suicide bombers were part of local module of ISIS seeking revenge for New Zealand mosque attack. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL or ISIS) also has claimed responsibility of attack through Amaq News Agency, its propaganda outlet.</span></span></span></span></p>
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(int) 31 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'INS Ranjit decommissioned from Indian Navy ',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Navy’s front-line missile destroyer INS Ranjit was decommissioned at naval dockyard at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, after serving for 36 years. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">INS Ranjit</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was commissioned in September 1983. It was purchased from Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). It was third of five Kashin-class destroyers.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its motto was 'Sada Rane Jayate' or 'Ever Victorious in Battle'. It was awarded with ‘Unit Citation’ in recognition of her service in 2003-04 and 2009-10.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In its 36 years of service, the ship has served both western and eastern seaboard and has been the flagship of both the western and eastern fleets. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It had undertaken some of key operations such as Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) operations in Sri Lanka and Operation Talwar during Kargil conflict. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In 2003, it was deployed off Mozambique coast to provide security cover to African Union (AU) Summit. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was also actively deployed as part of relief operations post 2004 Tsunami and cyclone Hud-Hud in 2014.</span></span></span></span></li>
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(int) 32 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
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'title' => 'Defence Ministry approves purchase of 10 Kamov-31 helicopters from Russia ',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) chaired by Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has approved procurement of 10 Kamov Ka-31 Airborne Early Warning and Control helicopters for Indian Navy. The cost of the deal will be around Rs 3,600 crore.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Key Facts</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">These 10 Kamov Ka-31 helicopters will be deployed on aircraft carriers and warships of Indian Navy including the INS Vikrant and Grigorovich-class frigates. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">They will be used to sanitise air space around battle groups led by aircraft carriers while carrying out operations in sea or anti-submarine warfare operations.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Navy already has fleet of 12 of these Kamov-28 choppers which sanitise air space around aircraft carriers and destroyers operating in open seas. They are also used along with the Seaking choppers for the anti-submarine warfare operations. These choppers were procured long back in 1980s. Kamov-31 helocopters are advanced and upgraded version of Kamov-28 helicopters.</span></span></span></span></p>
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(int) 33 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
'keyword' => 'defence-security',
'id' => (int) 1027,
'title' => 'INS Vela: Fourth Scorpene class Submarine launched ',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The Indian Navy's fourth stealth Scorpene class Submarine INS Vela of Project 75 was launched at Kanhoji Angre Wet Basin of Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Post this launch, this submarine will go for sea trials and later will be inducted into service of Indian Navy.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">INS Vela</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is diesel-electric attack submarine of Kalvari-class. It is named 'Vela' after earlier submarine, which was lead submarine, of erstwhile Vela class (second batch of Foxtrot class submarines acquired by India from erstwhile USSR in 1970s).</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its state-of-the-art features include superior stealth and ability to launch crippling attack on enemy using precision guided weapon.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It can attack using torpedoes, as well as tube-launched anti-ship missiles, whilst on surface or underwater.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It can operate in all theatres, including the tropics. Its stealth features give it invulnerability and makes difficult for enemy to detect it.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It can undertake multifarious types of missions such as anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare, intelligence gathering, area surveillance, mine laying etc.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Project 75</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Under it, MDL Mumbai is manufacturing six Scorpene submarines under technology transfer from Naval Group of France ($3.75 billion contract signed in 2005).These are next generation diesel submarines built for Indian Navy. Entire project and induction of all submarines is expected to be completed by 2020. These submarines are being built using modular approach in which different sections are built separately and later assembled on pontoon. They are fitted with indigenously developed Air Independent Propulsion System (AIP) technology by DRDO for extended endurance. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Progress of project</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">INS Kalvari was the first modern conventional submarine under this project to be inducted by Indian Navy in December 2017. The remaining submarines in series of this project are in advanced stages of manufacturing, assembling and sea trials. The third in Scorpene series Karanj was launched in January 2019 and is in advanced stage of trials and may be ready for induction by 2019 end. The last two submarines INS Vagir (fifth in series) and INS Vagsheer (sixth in series) are in advanced stages of manufacturing on the assembly line.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'BRO celebrates its 59th Raising Day',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The 59th Raising Day of India’s nodal road construction agency Border Roads Organisation (BRO) was observed on May 7, 2019.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Border Roads Organisation</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was established on 7 May 2019 as a nodal road construction agency with objective of developing </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">means of communication to remote areas of north and north-east.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Mandate:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is entrusted with development </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">and maintenance of roads in border areas. It also creates up-grades and maintains critical infrastructure along borders to meet India’s overall tactical and strategic goals.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Foreign Countries:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It has also helped to build roads in neighbouring countries such a</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">s Afghanistan, Bhutan, Myanmmar and Tajikistan.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Parent Organisation:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It came under the control Ministry of Defence in 2015 (earlier it was under Ministry of Home Affairs).</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Employees:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is staffed by officers and troops drawn from Indian Army’s Corps of Engineers, Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Army Service Corps, Military Police and army personnel on extra regimental employment.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Engineering Service and personnel from General Reserve Engineer Force (GREF) forms the parent cadre of BRO.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Current Work:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It operates and maintains over 32,885 kilometres of roads and about 12,200 meters of permanent bridges across the country.</span></span></span></span></li>
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'title' => 'Indian Navy participates in ADMM-PLUS MS FTX 2019',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Navy Ships- INS Kolkata and INS Shakti participated in<strong> ADMM-Plus Maritime Security Field Training Exercise (ADMM-PLUS MS FTX 2019)</strong>. It was held in two phases viz. Phase 1- from 3 May 19 off South Korea coast and Phase II- from 9 to 12 May 2019 in South China Sea.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">ADMM-PLUS MS FTX</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">This edition of this multilateral naval exercise involved 19 ships and 10 aircraft with about 700 personnel from 18 ADMM-Plus countries. They conducted series of professional exchanges ashore, as well as maritime security drills in waters off South Korea and Singapore.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Group Sail</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Navy along with navies of US, Philippines and Japan conducted Group Sail in disputed South China Sea. It was their first joint naval exercise. In this group sail, naval ships of these four undertook various exercises en route which included formation manoeuvring, cross-deck flying, under way replenishment runs and exchange of sea riders.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">ASEAN Defense Minister’s Meeting-Plus (ADMM-Plus)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is only official framework of Defense Minister's meetings in Asia-Pacific Region. It was established in 2010. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is platform for ASEAN and its eight Dialogue Partners to strengthen security and defence cooperation for peace, stability, and development in the region. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Members (10+8): </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">10 ASEAN countries as well as Australia, New Zealand, India, China, United States, Russia, Japan and South Korea (Republic of Korea).</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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(int) 36 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'IAF receives first AH-64E Apache attack helicopter',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The first AH-64E (I)-Apache Guardian helicopter was formally handed over to Indian Air Force (IAF) at Boeing production facility in Mesa, Arizona, United States. IAF had signed a contract with US Government and Boeing in September 2015 for purchasing 22 Apache helicopters. The first batch of these helicopters is scheduled to be shipped to India by July 2019. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Apache Helicopter</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is one of the most advanced multi-role combat helicopters. It has advanced weapons systems and night-fighting features. It is armed with stinger air-to-air missiles, Hellfire Longbow air-to-ground missiles, guns and rockets. It has joint digital operability, cognitive decision-aiding and improved survivability. It has capability to carry out precision attacks at standoff ranges and operate in hostile airspace with threats from ground. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Significance</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The addition of AH-64 E (I) helicopter in IAF is significant step towards modernisation of its helicopter fleet. It has been customized to suit IAF’s future requirements and would have significant capability in mountainous terrain. The ability of this helicopter to transmit and receive battlefield picture, to and from weapon systems through data networking makes it lethal acquisition. This attack helicopter will provide significant edge to Indian armed forces in future joint operations in support of land forces.</span></span></span></span></p>
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(int) 37 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'id' => (int) 1109,
'title' => 'ICGS Vigraha decommissioned',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Coast Guard ship (ICGS) Vigraha was decommissioned at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh after serving Coast Guard for 29 years. It was commissioned into service on April 12, 1990. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">ICGS Vigraha</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was the seventh Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) built by Mazagaon Dock Ltd, Mumbai. It was first of its class among OPVs of third series.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It had played pivotal role in execution of assigned missions in seafronts of Coast Guard Regions of West, North West and East when it was based at Mumbai, Porbandar and Visakhapatnam respectively.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It had participated in major coast guard operations involving search and rescue, pollution response, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, anti-poaching, repatriation and joint exercises among others.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was also on dry lease to Sri Lankan Navy from August 2008 to January 2011. It was re-inducted into Indian Coast Guard (IGC) in January 2019 after which it was based at Visakhapatnam.</span></span></span></span></li>
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'title' => 'Indian Navy successfully test fired MRSAM',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Navy has successfully test-fired Medium Range Surface to Air Missile (MRSAM) from Indian naval ships (INS) Kochi and Chennai in western Seaboard. With this, Indian Navy has achieved significant milestone in enhancing its Anti Air Warfare Capability with maiden cooperative engagement firing of MRSAM. The test-firing of the missile was carried out jointly by Indian Navy, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Israel Aerospace Industries.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Significance of this test</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">With this Indian Navy has become a part of a select group of Navies across the world that have niche AirWarfare Capability with cooperative engagement firing. This capability significantly enhances Indian Navy’s combat effectiveness thereby providing operational edge over potential adversaries. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About MRSAM</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has been jointly developed by Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL) Hyderabad, a DRDO Lab in collaboration with Israel Aerospace Industries.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has been manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Limited, India. It has been fitted onboard Kolkata Class Destroyers. It will also be fitted on all future major warships of the Indian Navy. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has thrust vector control and dual pulse rocket motor. It has maximum speed of Mach 2 with maximum operational range of 100 km. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It incorporates state-of-the-art phased array multi-mission radar, flexible command and control system, two-way data link, enabling users to simultaneously engage multiple targets day and night and in all weather conditions.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has high degrees of maneuverability at target interception range. It provides broad aerial and point defence against wide range of threats to marine arena from the air, sea or land. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is also designed to defend against variety of short-to-long-range airborne threats, including fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, drones and projectiles.</span></span></span></span></li>
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'title' => 'IAF tests aerial version of supersonic BrahMos cruise missile',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian AirForce successfully test fired air version of BrahMos missile from its frontline Su-30 MKI fighter aircraft n the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago. This was the second test-firing of the air-launched version (air-to-surface) of BrahMos missile after the first was conducted over Bay of Bengal in November 2017. The launch from aircraft was smooth and missile followed desired trajectory before directly hitting the land target.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Note:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> After first test, IAF became first air force in the world to successfully fire air-launched surface attack cruise missile of this category on sea target.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Air-launched version of BrahMos missile</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The air-to-surface version of this missile will significantly enhance IAF's combat capability. It will enable IAF to strike from large stand-off ranges on any target at sea or on land with pinpoint accuracy by day or night and in all weather conditions.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Integration of BrahMos on Sukhoi-30MKI:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It will give IAF the desired strategic reach and constitutes a deadly weapons package as Sukhoi-30MKI fighter has cruising range of 3,200-km or combat radius of about 1,500-km without mid-air refueling.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">BrahMos Missile</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is joint venture between India and Russia and named after Brahmaputra and Moscowa rivers.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is capable of being launched from land, sea (submarines), sub-sea (ships) and air against surface (land), aerial and sea-based targets.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is two-stage cruise missile, the first being solid and second one ramjet liquid propellant. It is self-propelled guided missile i.e. it can sustain its flight through aerodynamic lift.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is capable of carrying warhead of 300 kgs (both conventional as well as nuclear). It operates on ‘fire and forget principal’ and has strike accuracy rate of 99.99</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">%</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has top supersonic speed of Mach 2.8 to 3 (roughly three times speed of sound), making it world’s fastest anti-ship cruise missile in operation.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its range was initially capped at 290 km under obligations of Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). But, now it has been extended beyond 450 km after India’s entry into MTCR.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its land and sea variants are already operational with Indian Army and Navy and air-launched version is under development.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Army is now inducting 4th BrahMos Regiment, which will be missile’s Block-III version that has steep dive, trajectory manoeuver and top-attack capabilities.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Navy has deployed the BrahMos missiles on over 10 frontline warships.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">IAF, in turn, has inducted two squadrons of land-launch missiles and is waiting for induction of air-launched version.</span></span></span></span></li>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Assam Rifles and Indian Coast Guard (ICG) have signed an Affiliation Charter in effort to enhance inter armed forces cooperation and utilise each other’s assets for training and sports. It was signed between 3rd (Naga Hills) Battalion of Assam Rifles and Indian Coast Guard Ship ‘Shaurya’. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Affiliation Charter</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its objective is to promote bilateral cooperation between Assam Rifles and ICG in field of exchange of information/personnel, build-up camaraderie for training, sports/adventure and sustainable development. It also seeks to facilitate ‘Sentinels of the North East’ to interact with ‘Sentinels of the Seas’ on professional and social platforms and share rich experiences and best practices. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Benefits:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It will be greatly benefit both forces by motivating one another towards common goals. It will enable Assam Rifles personnel to understand peculiarities of Maritime Service (Indian Coast Guard) and their role in guarding and intercepting anti-national forces and non state actors detrimental to maritime/coastal security. Similarly, it will enable ICG personnel to see and understand operational ethos of the Assam Rifles working along the Indo-Myanmar border. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Assam Rifles </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is the oldest Para Military Force of India. It is under administrative control of Union Home Ministry, but is in operational control of Indian Army. It has total 46 Battalions manning Indo-Myanmar border and countering insurgency in the north eastern states.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">3rd (Naga Hills) Battalion of Assam Rifles is the oldest battalion. It was raised in 1835 as ‘The Cachar Levy’ comprising of 750 personnel of all ranks for guarding Eastern Frontier of Assam from Brahmaputra river to Cachar Hills. It had bravely fought Japanese in World War-II at Kohima, Nagaland and stopped their advance into India. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">ICG </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is one of the youngest Armed Force under Ministry of Defence. It has total 142 ships & 62 aircraft. ICG Ship ‘Shaurya’ is indigenously built at Goa Shipyard Limited. It is a modern state-of-the-art 105 mtrs long Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) commissioned on August 2017. It is based in Chennai. It is extensively used for EEZ surveillance and other duties as enshrined in IGC charter to safeguard the maritime interests of India. </span></span></span></span></p>
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(int) 41 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'Shaheen-II : Pakistan successfully test-fires ballistic missile',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Pakistan has successfully test-fired nuclear capable surface-to-surface ballistic missile Shaheen-II in Arabian Sea. The test was aimed at ensuring operational readiness of Pakistan Army’s Strategic Forces Command.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Shaheen-II Missile </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is land-based supersonic surface-to-surface medium-range guided ballistic missile. It is named after a falcon that lives in the mountains of Pakistan.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is suspected to be derivative of Chinese M-18 ballistic missile. It uses a two-stage solid-fuel rocket motor.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is capable of carrying both nuclear as well as conventional warheads. It has range of hitting targets as far as 1,500 kilometers away (major Indian cities come under its range).</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is highly capable missile which fully meets Pakistan’s strategic needs towards maintenance of desired deterrence stability in the region.</span></span></span></span></li>
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'title' => 'DRDO test fires indigenous inertially-guided bomb',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully test fired an indigenously-developed 500 kg inertially-guided bomb at Pokhran test firing range in Rajasthan. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The bomb hit its target at 30 km with high precision after it was released from Su-30 MKI Aircraft. </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The test comes after DRDO recently successfully conducted flight test of ABHYAS - High-speed Expendable Aerial Target (HEAT) from a test range in Odisha.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is India's premier organization for research related to country’s defence technology. It is under administrative control if Ministry of Defence.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is largest and most diverse research organization in India. It was established in 1958 and it is headquartered New Delhi.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Motto:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> "Strength's Origin is in Science".</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Network:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It has network of 52 laboratories engaged in developing defence technologies covering various fields, like aeronautics, armaments, electronics, land combat engineering, life sciences, materials, missiles, and naval systems etc.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Functions:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is charged with defence research and development. It also advises government on scientific aspects of military equipment and equipment, research, design and development plans.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Major Projects:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It has undertaken several major projects for development of missiles, armaments, light combat aircrafts, radars, electronic warfare systems etc.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Achievements:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It has indigenously developed many advanced defense systems. It has acquired expertise in a broad spectrum of defense technologies.</span></span></span></span></li>
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'metatitle' => 'DRDO test fires indigenous inertially-guided bomb',
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'metadescription' => 'DRDO test fires indigenous inertially-guided bomb, DRDO successfully test fired an indigenously-developed 500 kg inertially-guided bomb at Pokhran test firing range in Rajasthan',
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'id' => (int) 1205,
'title' => 'IAF's AN-32 fleet allowed to use blended aviation fuel',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The Russian origin AN-32 aircraft of Indian Air Force (IAF) were formally fleet certified to fly on blended aviation fuel, containing up to 10</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">indigenous bio-jet fuel. The approval certificate was received from Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC).</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">This bio-aviation fuel is made from Jatropha oil sourced from Chattisgarh Biodiesel Development Authority (CBDA) and then processed at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (CSIR-IIP), Dehradun. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The recent certification is huge step in promoting ‘Make in India’ mission as this bio-fuel will be produced from Tree Borne Oils (TBOs) sourced from tribal areas and farmers, augmenting their income substantially. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The indigenous bio-jet fuel was first produced by CSIR-IIP lab at Dehradun, Uttarakhand in 2013, but could not be tested or certified for commercial use on aircraft due to lack of test facilities in the civil aviation sector. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In July, 2018, Chief of Air Staff Air formally had announced IAF’s intention to permit use of all its resources for testing and certifying the indigenous fuel. Since then, IAF has undertaken series of tests for evaluating the performance of this fuel against international standards. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Jatropha </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is drought-resistant perennial plant that can grow in marginal or poor soil. It grows quickly and can produce seeds for 50 years. In India, it is found in many parts, especially in rugged terrain and can survive with minimum inputs and easy to propagate/</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It seeds contain 37</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">oil which be combusted as fuel without being refined. It burns with clear smoke-free flame. Its oil already has been tested successfully as fuel for simple diesel engine. Its oil also acts as insecticide. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The by-products of its seeds like press cake is good organic fertilizer. It also has medicinal properties and is used for diseases like snakebite, paralysis, cancer, piles, dropsy etc</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (CSIR-IIP)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is a laboratory of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR). It is based in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. It was established in 1960. It undertakes research and developmentwork in downstream sector of hydrocarbon i.e. areas of petroleum refining, natural gas, alternative fuels, petrochemicals utilization of petroleum products etc. </span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'DRDO successfully test fires Akash-1S missile',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully test fired Akash-1S surface to air defence missile system. It is new version of Akash surface to air defence missile system with new indigenously-developed seeker which has combination of both command guidance and active terminal seeker guidance. It was test-fired in Balasore off the Odisha coast. It was second successful test of missile in last two days as successful test was done by DRDO.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Akash missile </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is medium range <strong>Surface to Air Missile</strong> with multi-target engagement capability. It was developed as part of <strong>Integrated Guided-Missile Development Programme (IGMDP)</strong> other than Nag, Agni, Trishul, and Prithvi missiles. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Features:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is supersonic missile having range of around 25 km to 30 km and up to altitude of 18,000m. It uses high-energy solid propellant for booster and ramjet-rocket propulsion for sustainer phase. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is highly mobile and is guided by phased array fire control radar called 'Rajendra' which is termed as Battery Level Radar (BLR) with tracking range of about 60 km.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Capability:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It can neutralise aerial targets such as fighter jets, cruise missiles and air-to-surface missiles as well as ballistic missiles.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Variants:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Several of its variants are Akash-1S, Akash MK1, Akash-MK2 which have improved accuracy and higher. These variants are under development by DRDO. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Akash-1S is capable of striking down enemy fighter jets and drones very accurately and effectively.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Induction:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> This missile system was formally inducted into Indian Air Force (IAF) in July 2015, and in Indian Army in May 2015. In September 2016, Defence Acquisition Council had cleared seven additional squadrons of the missile for IAF.</span></span></span></span></li>
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'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'id' => (int) 1339,
'title' => 'Anti-ship version of BrahMos missile successfully test fired',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">An Anti-ship version of supersonic cruise missile BrahMos was successfully test fired from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur in Odisha. The test was conducted by Defence Research and Development (DRDO). It was launched from complex-3 of the ITR, </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About BrahMos Missile</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is joint venture between India (DRDO) and Russia (NIPOM). It is named after India’s Brahmaputra and Russia’s Moscowa rivers.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is two-stage cruise missile, the first being solid and second one ramjet liquid propellant. It is self-propelled guided missile i.e. it can sustain its flight through aerodynamic lift.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is capable of being launched from land, sea (submarines), sub-sea (ships) and air against surface (land), aerial and sea-based targets.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It can carry warhead of 300 kgs (both conventional as well as nuclear). It operates on ‘fire and forget principal’ and has strike accuracy rate of 99.99%.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has top supersonic speed of Mach 2.8 to 3 (roughly three times speed of sound), making it world’s fastest anti-ship cruise missile in operation.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its range was initially capped at 290 km under obligations of Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). But, now it has been extended beyond 450 km after India’s entry into MTCR.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its land and sea variants are already operational with Indian Army, Air Force and Navy and air-launched version is under development for Indian Air Force.</span></span></span></span></li>
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(int) 46 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'id' => (int) 1393,
'title' => 'IAF inks deal to procure SPICE 2000 bombs from Israel',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Air Force (IAF) has signed deal with Israel’s Rafael Advanced Defense Systems to procure batch of advance bunker buster version of SPICE 2000 guided bombs at cost of Rs 300 crores. The order for bombs has been placed under special financial powers given to armed forces by the government for emergency purchases. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">SPICE 2000 Guided Bombs</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is Israeli-developed, EO/GPS-guided guidance kit for converting air-droppable unguided bombs into precision guided bombs. SPICE stands for Smart, Precise Impact, Cost-Effective. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is meant for 1,000kg bombs. It has glide range of around 60km. It is also difficult to detect by most ground-based radars. It can overcome errors in locating target, GPS jamming and reduces collateral damage. It is currently biggest conventional bomb that can be delivered by the IAF.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Balakot air strike & SPICE 2000 guided bombs</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">IAF had used SPICE bombs most recently in its preemptive non-military strikes on terrorist group Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) training camp located in Jaba hilltop site in the vicinity of Balakot, deep inside in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan on February 26, 2019 by crossing international border. This strike on the JeM camp was conducted 12 days after terror group had claimed responsibility for suicide attack on CRPF convoy in Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir in which 40 soldiers were killed. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Special Financial Powers</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Following the Pulwama attack, Union Government had granted emergency powers to three services to procure weapons and military hardware to enhance their operational preparedness along border with Pakistan. Government also relaxed certain rules to cut delays in military purchase like allowing the three services to procure required weapons and equipment from a single vendor.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'India to buy NASAMS-II air defence system from US',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India will soon buy NASAMS-II (National Advanced Surface to Air Missile System-II) air defence system from United States. It will offer integrated air and missile defence systems and will be used along with indigenous, Russian (S-400 Triumf) and Israeli systems for creating multi-layered missile shield over National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) against aerial threats ranging from drones to ballistic missiles.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">US is likely to send final draft of letter of acceptance for sale of NASAMS-II to India by July-August. This deal is likely to cost India Rs 6,000 crore or almost $1 billion. Once it is signed, deliveries will take place in two to four years.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About NASAMS-II Air Defence system</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is upgraded version of NASAMS developed by Raytheon in partnership with KONGSBERG Defence and Aerospace of Norway. It has been operational since 2007. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has new 12 missile launchers coupled with 3D mobile surveillance radars for quicker reaction. It is highly adaptable mid-range solution for any operational air defence requirement. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It provides tailorable, state-of-the-art defence system by enhancing ability to quickly identify, engage and destroy current and evolving enemy aircraft, emerging cruise missile threats or UAVs. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It incorporates 3D Sentinel radars, short and medium-range missiles, fire-distribution centers, launchers and command-and-control units to quickly detect, track and shoot down multiple airborne threats.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is currently used as part of US’s air defence network for guarding capital city Washington DC. It also has been deployed in several NATO countries.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Significance for India</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will help India to protect air route also to prevent 9/11-kind of attacks. It will also complement India’s other systems such as medium and long-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems under procurement. With this, India will join selected league of nations including US, Israel and Russia etc. having their own missile defence systems to protect their national capitals. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India’s Multi-tiered air defence network</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">NASAMS will be combination of different weapons like surface-to-air missiles, gun systems and AIM-120C-7 AMRAAMs (advanced medium-range air-to-air missiles). It will serve as innermost layer of air defence. The second layer will be protected by mobile S-400 systems purchased from Russia. The outermost layer will be protected by DRDO-developed ballistic missile defence system. The outermost layer will be protected by Barak-8 medium-range surface-to-air missile systems, jointly developed by the DRDO and Israeli Aerospace Industries.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'metatitle' => 'India to buy NASAMS-II air defence system from US',
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'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
'keyword' => 'defence-security',
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'title' => 'Varunastra: Indian Navy inks contract with BDL for torpedoes',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) has signed contract worth of $US 17 million (Rs 1.190 crore) for supply of Indigenously-built heavyweight anti-submarine torpedoes- Varunastra - to Indian Navy. The execution of this contract will be over the next 42 months. Under it, torpedoes will be manufactured at BDL Visakhapatnam Unit under collaboration with Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Varunastra</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is a ship launched, electrically propelled underwater Heavy Weight Torpedo. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has been indigenously developed by Naval Science and Technology Laboratory (NTSL), Visakhapatnam and Bharat Dynamics Limited -BDL (Hyderabad). </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has almost 95% indigenous content. It is equipped with one of the most advanced automatic and remote-controlled guidance systems. It uses its own intelligence in tracing the target. It can hit stealth submarines underwater.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Unique Features:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is seven to eight metres long, weighs 1,500 kg and has diameter of 533 mm. On firing, it can travel at 40 knots (74 kmph). </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has operational range of 40 km. It can carry a warhead weighing 250 kg. It has GPS-based locating aid which is unique feature in contemporary torpedoes in the world.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has advanced autonomous guidance algorithms with low drift navigational aids and insensitive warheads, giving it operational capability in various combat scenarios.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has integrated instrumentation system for recording its all dynamic parameters in case of emergency shut down or malfunction.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Attack Capability:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is capable of targeting stealthy and quiet submarines, both in deep and littoral waters in intense counter-measure environment. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Induction:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It was inducted in Indian Navy in June 2016.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">What is Torpedo?</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is a self-propelled weapon with explosive warhead. It is launched above or below water surface and propelled underwater towards a target. It is designed to detonate either in proximity to its target or on contact with its target.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'Indian Navy launches Operation Sankalp in Gulf of Oman',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Navy launched Operation Sankalp in Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to reassure Indian flagged vessels transiting through the area following the recent maritime incidents in the region. Purpose of this opertation is to re-assure Indian Flagged Vessels operating/transiting through Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, following the maritime security incidents in the region.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Operation Sankalp</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Under it, Indian Navy has deployed INS Chennai and INS Sunayna in the region to undertake maritime security operations. In addition, aerial surveillance in area is also being done by Indian Navy aircraft. Besides, Gurugram based <strong>Information Fusion Centre - Indian Ocean Region of Indian Navy</strong> is also keeping close watch on the movement of ships in the Gulf region.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Significane:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> This shows that Indian Navy remains committed to ensuring safety of Indian maritime trade and merchant vessels operating in region and contributing towards maintaining stable and peaceful Indian Ocean Region (IOR),</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India's strategic and security interests are closely linked to IOR as its energy security is closely linked to safety and security of ships while operating and transiting in Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf (this region accounts for 55</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of India’s oil imports). Operation Sankalp was launched in wake of escalating tension in Gulf of Oman, where two oil tankers were attacked last week. The incident has since heightened tensions between Iran and United States. It remains unclear who was responsible forattacks but US has put the blame on Iran, which, in turn, has denied the allegations. As a precautionary measure, Director General, Shipping also has issued two advisories to all Indian-flagged vessels operating in Strait of Hormuz and Persian, Arabian Gulf Region, advising ships to undertake appropriate protection measures.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'id' => (int) 1497,
'title' => 'Government issues EoI for six P 75(i) Submarines for Indian Navy',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Union Ministry of Defence has issued Expression of Interest (EoI) for shortlisting of potential Indian Strategic Partners (SPs) for “Construction of six Conventional Submarines” for P-75(I) Project of the Indian Navy. The project cost is about Rs 45,000 Crores. It will be second project being undertaken under the latest Strategic Partnership (SP) Model, first being the procurement of 111 Naval Utility Helicopters (NUH). </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Selection Process</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">All six submarines under this project will be built in India byselected Indian Strategic Partner (SP) in collaboration with selected Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). In addition, Indian Navy also has option to manufacture six more submarines under the project</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian companies will be shortlisted based on their capability for integration of system of systems, expertise in shipbuilding domain and financial strength. The OEMs will be shortlisted primarily based on their submarine design meeting Indian Navy’s Qualitative Requirements and qualifying Transfer of Technology and Indigenous Content (IC) criteria.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Signifiance of this project</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will provide major boost to indigenous design and construction capability of submarines in India and help in bringing in latest submarine design and technologies.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will aid in boosting core submarine/ship building industry and also greatly enhance industrial/manufacturing sector, especially the MSMEs by development of industrial eco-system for manufacture of associated systems/equipment/spares related to submarines.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will progressively help to build indigenous capabilities in private sector to design, develop and manufacture complex weapon systems for future needs of Armed Forces. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is important step towards meeting broader national objectives, encouraging self reliance and aligning the defence sector with ‘Make in India’ initiative of Government.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Project-75 India </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is follow-on of Project 75 Kalvari-class or Scorpene class submarines for Indian Navy. Under it, Indian Navy intends to acquire 6 new-generation conventional stealth submarines. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">These submarines will be constructed in Indian shipyards under strategic partnership model between foreign vendor and its Indian partner.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">They will be almost 50% bigger than under-construction Scorpene class submarines being built at the Mazagon Dockyards Limited in Mumbai.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">They will have advanced stealth capabilities such as greater ability to suppress noise and acoustic signatures. They will also be outfitted with Air-independent propulsion (AIP) fuel cells which can significantly increase submerged endurance and operational range.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">They will also have advanced detection range and combat management system besides better sensors for optimum performance. Their weapon system will be mix of torpedoes and missiles.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">They will have vertical launch system (VLS) to enable them to carry multiple Brahmos supersonic cruise missiles, making them fully capable of anti-surface (land attack) and anti-ship warfare missions.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Navy’s Requirement</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It wants Project 75 I submarines to be equipped with heavy-duty firepower, having 12 Land Attack Cruise Missiles (LACM) along with Anti-Ship cruise missiles (ASCM). It also wants these submarines to have capacity to carry and launch 18 heavyweight torpedoes in the sea.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">P75I project is part of 30-year submarine building plan that ends in 2030. As part of this plan, India seeks to have 24 submarines — 18 conventional submarines and six nuclear-powered submarines (SSNs) in its fleet to manage its area of responsibility stretching from Malacca Straits to the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and for effective deterrence. Indian Navy is looking to build its assets to consolidate its supremacy in strategically important IOR where Chinese Navy also operates. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Navy has fleet of more than 100 submarines and surface warships. It currently possesses 14 conventional submarines, including Scorpene. But only half are operational at any given point of time. India Navy also has two nuclear-powered submarines INS Arihant (SSBN, a ballistic missile submarine) and INS Chakra (SSN, a nuclear-powered one) leased from Russia.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Recently, in March 2019 India had sealed a US $3 billion deal with Russia for leasing of nuclear-powered attack submarine (INS Chakra III) for Indian Navy for a period of 10 years. Under this deal, Russia will have to deliver Chakra III, an Akula class submarine, to Indian Navy by 2025. It will be third Russian submarine to be leased to Indian Navy.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
'keyword' => 'defence-security',
'id' => (int) 1604,
'title' => 'India inks deal for acquiring Strum Ataka anti-tank missiles from Russia',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Air Force (IAF) has inked Rs 200 crore defence deal with Russia for procuring 'Strum Ataka' anti-tank missile. The deal was signed under emergency provisions (Special Financial Powers) to equip IAF’s existing fleet of Mi-35 attack choppers with more lethal weapons to keep them battle-ready in situations like the one post-Balakot aerial strikes. This missile will significantly enhance Mi-35 helicopters' capability to take out enemy tanks and other armoured elements.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Strum Ataka anti-tank missile</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Special Financial Powers</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Following the Pulwama attack, Union Government had granted emergency powers to three services to procure weapons and military hardware to enhance their operational preparedness along border with Pakistan. It empowers three armed services to buy equipment of their choice and and ready for deployment in within three months at a cost of up to Rs 300 crore per case. Government also relaxed certain rules to cut delays in military purchase like allowing the three services to procure required weapons and equipment from a single vendor.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Deals under this Provision:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Indian Air Force (IAF) in June 2019 had signed Rs 300 crore deal with Israeli defence firm to procure a batch of 'Spice 2000' guided bombs. Indian Army had also inked a deal for acquiring Spike anti-tank guided missile with France under the emergency provisions.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'Cabinet approves proposal to extend benefits to CAPF officers',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Union Cabinet has approved proposal for Grant of Organized Group ‘A’ Service (OGAS) to Group ‘A’ Executive Cadre Officers of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs). It also approved extension of benefit of Non-Functional Financial Upgradation (NFFU) and Non-Functional Selection Grade (NFSG) to officers of CAPFs. The move comes after Supreme Court order asked Central Government to extend the benefit —already available to IPS, IAS, IRS and IFS officers — to CAPF officers. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Importance of this decision </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">NFFU basically makes officer eligible for higher salary in case he is not promoted due to lack of vacancies despite being eligible for promotion. It will benefit thousands of serving CAPF officers and those have retired since 2006 from five primary paramilitary forces (CAPFs) — CRPF, BSF, CISF, ITBP and SSB. CAPF officers will now get better deputation chances as they will be eligible to get empanelled under central staffing scheme. They will also get enhanced facilities of transportation, house rent allowance, travelling and dearness allowance. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was longstanding demand of paramilitary forces for getting grant organised cadre status to CAPF officers which will make them eligible for several benefits, including NFFU. Besides the pay hike, demand for NFFU also encapsulates long-standing tussle between CAPF cadre officers and IPS officers who come on deputation to forces. Most top positions in these CAPFs are occupied by IPS officers.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In February 2019, Supreme Court had upheld Delhi High Court judgment granting status of organised group ‘A’ services and NFFU to CAPF officers. The High Court judgment, delivered in September 2015 had held that benefits contemplated by VIth Central Pay Commission by way of NFFU to remove disparity between all India services and other organised group ‘A’ services must be granted to CAPF officers.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In both High Court and Supreme Court, Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and IPS Association opposed demand of CAPF officers, even though non-availability of NFFU has been among the reasons for high attrition rate in these forces. MHA argued that this would lead to command chaos in forces and impact deputation of IPS officers. It also had maintained that this would happen because a second in command earning the same salary as the commandant would not listen to him.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'Sudarshan Exercise launched by BSF to fortify anti-infiltration grid along Pak border',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Border Security Force (BSF) has launched mega exercise code named 'Sudarshan' to fortify the 'anti-infiltration grid' along the Pakistan border in Punjab and Jammu. It was launched on July 1, 2019 and will cover the entire over 1,000-kms length of the India-Pakistan International Border (IB). Jammu shares about 485-kms of sensitive IB with Pakistan, about 553-kms of front is in Punjab. Further, it runs down towards Rajasthan and Gujarat on India's western flank.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Sudarshan Exercise</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has been named 'Sudarshan' drawing from legendary and mythological cutting wheel or 'sudarshan chakra' on Lord Krishna's finger that decimates enemy with sharp precision and returns to its original place in quick time, official sources said.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Huge assortment of heavy machinery, communication interceptors and mobile bulletproof bunkers have been mobilised, backed by thousands of BSF personnel as part of the exercise.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Multiple patrols are being undertaken to strengthen Indian defence positions and locations for launching offensive action at these borders from point of view of sealing front against infiltration of terrorists, drug mules and also to ensure befitting reply to unprovoked firing from Pakistani side.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Commanders of BSF will prepare their watch towers and sentry posts better, replenish arms and ammunition dumps, strengthen artillery positions, check and plug border fence breaches, detect underground and cross-border tunnels and make all operational and logistical arrangements to strengthen the vigil along the sensitive and infiltration-prone border.</span></span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Border Security Force (BSF) </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is primary border guarding organisation of India. It is termed as First Line of Defence of Indian Territories. It is sentinels of Indian borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was established in December, 1965 in the wake of 1965 Indo-Pak War or ensuring security of borders of India and for matters connected there with. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is one of the five Central Armed Police Forces of Union of India under the administrative control of Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is mandated with guarding India’s land border during peacetime and preventing transnational crime. Currently, it stands as the world’s largest border guarding force. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has total 186 battalions with sanctioned strength of 257,363 personnel including expanding air wing, marine wing, artillery regiments, and commando units. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is deployed on Indo-Pakistan International Border (IB), Indo-Bangladesh IB, Line of Control (LoC) along with Indian Army and also in anti-naxal operations.</span></span></span></span></li>
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'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'DRDO successfully conducts three Nag missile tests in Pokhran',
'description' => '<h2 style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully carried out three test firings of Nag anti-tank guided missiles in the Pokhran firing ranges in Rajasthan. The missiles were test-fired during both day and night during the trials and all three were successful. With this, Nag anti-tank guided missile moves closer towards final induction into Indian Army, </span></span></span></span></h2>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The missile is now in the final stages of being inducted into Indian Army which will use it by mounting them on the modified armoured vehicles. Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) in 2018 had approved procurement of DRDO's designed and developed NAG Missile System (NAMIS) at cost of Rs 524 crore.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Nag Missile</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is third generation ATMG. It is one of five missile systems indigenously developed by DRDO under integrated guided missile development programme (IGMDP). The other four missiles are Agni, Akash, Prithvi and Trishul. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It works on “fire and forget” principle. It has operational range of 7-10km (when air-launched) and 500m to 4km (land version). It also possesses advanced passive homing guidance system. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is equipped with advanced Imaging Infrared Radar (IRR) seeker along with integrated avionics. This technology is being possessed by very few countries.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has been designed mainly to destroy modern main battle tanks and other heavily armoured targets during day and night. It can also be launched from land and air-based platforms. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The land-based version of missile is at present available for integration on the Nag missile carrier (NAMICA). </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its successful induction into Indian Army is expected to give quantum boost to Army's capability against enemy armour.</span></span></span></span></li>
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'tag' => 'Defence & Security',
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'title' => 'Indian Army, NeGD ink pact for developing revamped app',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Army has inked agreement with National eGovernance Division (NeGD), a part of Union Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) for developing revamped Management Information Systems Organisation (MISO) application. It is first of its kind inter-ministerial initiative between Ministry of Defence and the MeitY.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Management Information Systems Organisation (MISO) application</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is the nodal agency under Directorate General of Information Systems (DGIS), Indian Army. It is mandated to maintain centralised database for personnel, equipment and major stores to provide management-related information to Integrated HQ of MoD (Army) and other agencies.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is being revamped to meet organisational requirements and enhanced user aspirations. Its development work, under MeitY's aegis has been started at Bhaskaracharya Institute of Space Applications and Geo-Informatics (BISAG), Gandhinagar which is CMMI-5 level institute under Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About National eGovernance Division </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was created by Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY) in 2009. It is Independent Business Division (IBD) under Digital India Corporation (DIC) {earlier known as Media Lab Asia}. It plays pivotal role in supporting MeitY in Programme Management and implementation of e-Governance Projects and initiatives undertaken by Ministries/ Departments, both at Central and State levels.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'Indian Army places order for procuring anti-tank Spike missiles from Israel',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Army has placed order for procuring anti-tank Spike missiles from Israel under emergency purchases powers to meet operational preparedness. The deal was approved by Army in April 2019 after emergency purchase powers granted to armed forces after Pulwama terror attack (February 14, 2019), followed by Balakot airstrike.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Anti-tank Spike missile</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is a 3rd generation, man-portable, fire-and-forget, anti-tank guided missile. It is designed and developed by Israeli company Rafael Advanced Defense Systems. It can be fired from different platforms -vehicles, helicopters, ships and ground launchers. It can engage and destroy targets within line-of-sight of the launcher (fire-and-forget). Some of its variants are capable of making top attack profile through "fire, observe and update" guidance method.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Capability</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">: It is known for its precision targeting with ability to pierce even bunkers. It can hits targets at a range of <strong>four kilometers</strong> and can be deployed in both mountains and plains. It can be deployed even along the Line of Control (LoC).</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Special Financial Powers</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Following the Pulwama terro attack ( 14 February 2019), Union Government had granted emergency powers to three services to procure weapons and military hardware to enhance their operational preparedness along border with Pakistan. Government also relaxed certain rules to cut delays in military purchase like allowing the three services to procure required weapons and equipment from a single vendor.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'Mission Raksha Gyan Shakti: Defence Ministry signs MoU with IPFC and NRDC',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Union Defence Ministry (Department of Defence Production,) has inked MoU with Intellectual Property Facilitation Cell (IPFC) and National Research Development Corporation (NRDC), Ministry of Science and Technology. This partnership will give major boost to Mission Raksha Gyan Shakti and is expected to bridge capacity shortfall and promote culture of Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in Indian Defence industry.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Mission Raksha Gyan Shakti (MRGS)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was launched by Department of Defence Production with the aim to inculcate IP culture in Indian defence manufacturing ecosystem.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is also aimed at providing boost to IPR culture in indigenous defence industry as part of the ongoing initiatives to enhance self-reliance in defence.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Under it, Intellectual Property Facilitation Cell (IPFC) has been established under aegis of Directorate General Quality Assurance (DGQA). So far it has trained more than 12,000 personnel on IPR and facilitating filing of more than 1000 new IPR applications.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Action Plan 2019-20 of MRGS</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has been approved by Union Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. It includes training of additional 20,000 personnel from public and private sector industry and armed forces on relevance of IP Culture to Indian Defence manufacturing industry and instituting framework for enabling full utilization of new ideas and innovation towards achieving self-reliance in defence sector.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'Naval MRSAM Systems: Israel inks $50 Million deal with India',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) has inked follow-up deal worth US $50 million to supply complementary Naval MRSAM (medium range surface-to-air missile) systems to Indian Navy and the Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders. As per deal, IAI will provide complimentary systems for MRSAM air defence system (ADS). It also involves follow up order for range of maintenance and other services for various sub-systems of IAI's advanced MRSAM ADS.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">MRSAM (medium-range surface-to-air missile) systems </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It weapon system comprises of one command and control system, one tracking radar, missiles, and mobile launcher systems. It identifies and tracks threat using tracking radar. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">How it Works?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The system calculates distance between target and launcher and then determines if identified target is friend or a foe. The target information is, then, transmitted to the mobile launcher. The mobile launcher is used to transport, emplace and launch up to eight canisterised missiles in two stacks. It can fire the missiles in single or ripple firing modes from vertical firing position. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Significance:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It provides broad as well as topical defence against range of assault air, marine and ground threats. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Note:</span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> MRSAM is being developed by India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in collaboration with Israel’s state owned defence company IAI.</span></span></em></span></span></p>
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'metatitle' => 'Naval MRSAM Systems: Israel inks $50 Million',
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'title' => 'DRDO successfully conducts summer trials of NAG ATGM',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Defence Research Development Oragnisation (DRDO) successfully test-fired Nag Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM) multiple times at Pokhran Field Firing ranges in Rajasthan. It was summer user trials of NAG missile in which it was test-fired around 12 times during 11-day period. During test all missiles met mission objectives including minimum and maximum ranges, direct attack as well as top attack modes and achieved a direct hit onto the target.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Nag Missile</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is third generation anti-tank guided missile (ATGM).</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is one of five missile systems indigenously developed by DRDO under integrated guided missile development programme (IGMDP). The other four missiles are Agni, Akash, Prithvi and Trishul.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Features:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It works on “fire and forget” principle. It has operational range of 7-10km (when air-launched) and 500m to 4km (land version). It also possesses advanced passive homing guidance system.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is equipped with advanced Imaging Infrared Radar (IRR) seeker along with integrated avionics. This technology is being possessed by very few countries.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has been designed mainly to destroy modern main battle tanks and other heavily armoured targets in all weather conditions with day and night capabilities. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is launched from the NAG missile carrier (NAMICA) which is capable of carrying up to six combat missiles. It can also be launched from land and air-based platforms.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its successful induction into Indian Army is expected to give quantum boost to Army's capability against enemy armour.</span></span></span></span></li>
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(int) 60 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
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'title' => 'Bhabha Kavach: MHA gives nod to indigenous lightweight bulletproof jackets',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has given its approval to allow use of indigenously developed lightweight bullet proof jacket <strong>Bhabha Kavach </strong>by<strong> </strong>Central paramilitary forces. It was launched on the sidelines of International Police Expo 2019 held at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Bhabha Kavach</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is next generation bulletproof jacket indigenously developed by Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) and Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited (MIDHANI) with transfer of carbon-nanomaterial technology from Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). It is named after Dr. Homi J. Bhabha, father of Indian nuclear programme. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Materials used:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is made from layers of high-density, high-tenacity polyethelene, which are thermo-sealed (fused together at high temperature) to form thick, hard armour plate. It is also sprayed with BARC’s carbon nanomaterial, which instills toughness and tenacity needed to slow down and trap bullet as it passes through plate.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Features:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It weighs just 9.2 kg, nearly 50% less as compared to presently used heavy steel-armoured jackets that weigh between 14kg to 17kg.It has four hard armour plates which offers 360 degree protection to wearer from front, back and either side.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Benefits:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is lighter, sturdier and more reliable. It can withstand eight 7.62mm bullets fired from AK-47 rifle from distance of 5-10 metres, 5.56mm bullet of Indian Small Arms System (INSAS). It has achieved highest protection level of NIJ III+ (National Institute of Justice Ballistic Levels Protection Level III). It also has 5 year warranty. It is also cost effective as compared to imported bulletproof jackets.</span></span></span></span></p>
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(int) 61 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
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'title' => 'INAS 313: Indian Navy commissions 5th Dornier Aircraft Squadron',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">5th Dornier Aircraft Squadron of Indian Navy-<strong>Indian Naval Air Squadron (INAS) 313 </strong>was commissioned at Naval Air Enclave, Meenambakkam, Chennai. <strong>The name of this squadron is ‘Sea Eagle’.</strong></span></span> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">With commissioning of INAS 313, Tamil Nadu now has three naval air bases i.e. highest number for any Coastal State. The two other existing air bases in Tamil Nadu are INS Rajali (Arakkonam) and INS Parundu (Ramnad). </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About INAS 313 </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The squadron derives its name ‘Sea Eagle’ i.e. from bird of prey family Accipitridae. Its insignia (emblem) depicts- Greater Spotted Eagle searching over vast blue and White Sea waves, which symbolises the envisaged role of squadron.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has been tasked to patrol Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and enhance maritime domain awareness and strengthen Indian Navy’s presence in Bay of Bengal and the southern region. It will have 12 crew officers and 44 sailors. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will operate two Hindustan Aeronautical Limited (HAL)-built Dornier aircraft from Chennai international airport alongside Indian Coast Guard air station. In near future, advanced light helicopters will be also deployed to enhance search and rescue, and casualty evacuation capability.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Significance of INAS 313 Squadron:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It will help in increasing coastal security apparatus with Indian Coast Guard simultaneously. It will augment Indian Navy’s surveillance in the eastern seaboard, especially along Tamil Nadu coast. It will enable faster response to challenges at sea and would be handy while handing natural disasters. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Dornier aircraft:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is multi-role Short Range Maritime Reconnaissance (SRMR) aircraft manufactured by HAL, under license from RUAG Aerospace. It is ftted with state-of-the-art equipment. It plays variety of roles, including commuter, air taxi, utility, aircrew training, maritime surveillance, search and rescue duties. It is widely used for maritime surveillance, Search and Rescue Operations and to provide targeting data to weapon platforms.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Air Force (IAF) has received first batch of four of total 22 AH-64E Apache Guardian Attack helicopters from US aerospace major Boeing at Hindon air base in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. The batch of four Apache helicopters will be delivered soon. These eight helicopters will be the moved to Pathankot Air Force station (Punjab) for their formal induction by the IAF in September 2019. IAF had signed contract with US Government and Boeing in September 2015 for purchasing 22 Apache helicopters.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Apache Helicopter</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is one of the most advanced multi-role combat helicopters in the world ,and is flown by the US Army.. It has advanced weapons systems and night-fighting features. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has been developed and manufactured by aerospace giant Beoing. It has so far delivered more than 2,200 Apaches to customers around the world and India is 14th nation to select it for its military.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is armed with stinger air-to-air missiles, Hellfire Longbow air-to-ground missiles, guns and rockets. It has joint digital operability, cognitive decision-aiding and improved survivability.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has capability to carry out precision attacks at standoff ranges and operate in hostile airspace with threats from ground.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Significance</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The addition of AH-64 E (I) helicopter in IAF is significant step towards modernisation of its helicopter fleet. It has been customized to suit IAF’s future requirements and will have significant capability in mountainous terrain. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The ability of this helicopter to transmit and receive battlefield picture, to and from weapon systems through data networking makes it lethal acquisition. This attack helicopter will provide significant edge to Indian armed forces in future joint operations in support of land forces.</span></span></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It functions under Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). It was established in 1939, under Crown Representative’s Police and was made statutory force after independence after enactment of CRPF Act, 1949. It has been the lead force in dealing with the militancy in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), fighting the Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) and insurgency in Northeast India.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Mandate:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Enable government to maintain rule of law, public order and internal security effectively and efficiently, preserve national integrity and promote social harmony and development by upholding supremacy of the Constitution. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Organizational Strength:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It has 246 battalions (1 battalion comprises around 1,000 personnel), including 208 executive battalions, six women battalions, 15 Rapid Action Force (anti-riots) battalions, 10 CoBRA (specialised anti-Naxala) battalions. It has five signal battalions, one Special Duty Group, one Parliament Duty Group, 43 Group Centres, 20 training institutions, four composite hospitals of 100 bed and 17 composite hospitals of 50 bed. <strong><em>It is considered to be World's largest Paramilitary Force</em></strong><em>.</em></span></span></span></span></li>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The draft of National Cyber Security Strategy 2020, that envisages creating a secure cyberspace in India, is ready and will soon be sent to key ministries for comments before seeking the Cabinet approval.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The vision of the strategy is to ensure a safe, secure, resilient, trusted and vibrant cyberspace for India’s prosperity.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The National Cyber Security Strategy 2020 is being prepared to fill the gaps and meet the target envisaged in National Cyber Security Policy 2020.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">India is actively walking towards a National Cyber Security Policy which is imperative for the goal of a USD 5 trillion economy.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Need for NCSS 2020</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">India was one of the first few countries to propound a futuristic National Cyber Security Policy 2013(NCSP 2013). Since the adoption of NCSP 2013, the technologies, platforms, threats, services and aspirations have changed tremendously. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">However, Cyber intrusions and attacks have increased in scope and sophistication targeting sensitive personal and business data, and critical information infrastructure, with impact on national economy and security.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Threats from organised cybercriminal groups, technological cold wars, and increasing state sponsored cyber-attacks have also emerged. Further, existing structures may need to be revamped or revitalised. Thus, a need exists for the formulation of a National Cyber Security Strategy 2020.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Pillars of Strategy</strong><br />
a. <strong>Secure</strong> (The National Cyberspace)<br />
b. <strong>Strengthen</strong> (Structures, People, Processes, Capabilities)<br />
c. <strong>Synergise</strong> (Resources including Cooperation and Collaboration)</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The National Cyber Security Strategy 2020 is being prepared to fill the gaps and meet the target envisaged in National Cyber Security Policy 2020.</span></span></p>
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<li>
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</li>
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<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Need for NCSS 2020</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">India was one of the first few countries to propound a futuristic National Cyber Security Policy 2013(NCSP 2013). Since the adoption of NCSP 2013, the technologies, platforms, threats, services and aspirations have changed tremendously. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
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</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Threats from organised cybercriminal groups, technological cold wars, and increasing state sponsored cyber-attacks have also emerged. Further, existing structures may need to be revamped or revitalised. Thus, a need exists for the formulation of a National Cyber Security Strategy 2020.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Pillars of Strategy</strong><br />
a. <strong>Secure</strong> (The National Cyberspace)<br />
b. <strong>Strengthen</strong> (Structures, People, Processes, Capabilities)<br />
c. <strong>Synergise</strong> (Resources including Cooperation and Collaboration)</span></span></p>
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'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 324, 'title' => 'PM Narendra Modi chairs National Security Council meeting', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Prime Minister Narendra Modi chaired meeting of National Security Council (NSC) in national capital New Delhi amid heightened tensions between India and Pakistan.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was attended by Home Minister Rajnath Singh, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley, External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj and Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman. Besides the union ministers, National Security Advisor Ajit Doval and Foreign Secretary Vijay Gokhle also attended.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Tensions between India and Pakistan soared after Indian Air Force carried out non-military preemptive strike on terrorist organization Jaish-e-Mohammed’s biggest training camp across in Balakot deep inside Pakistan based on credible intelligence. The Pakistan based terror group had claimed responsibility for 14th February 2019 Pulwama suicide terror attack in which 40 CRPF soldiers lost their lives. In response to India's air strike, Pakistan Air Force planes had intruded Indian territory and tried to target military installations.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">National Security Council (NSC) </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is apex body for national security management system in India. It is executive government agency tasked with advising Prime Minister's Office on matters of national security and strategic interest. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was established on 19 November 1998 by then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee with Brajesh Mishra as the first National Security Advisor (NSA).</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Prior to the formation of NSC, these activities on national security and strategic interests were overseen by Principal Secretary to Prime Minister.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Composition:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Prime Minister is its ex-officio Chairman. Its members include National Security Advisor (NSA), Deputy NSAs, Ministers of Defence, External Affairs, Home, Finance, Deputy Chairman of the NITI Aayog. Other members may be invited to attend its monthly meetings, as and when required.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Organisational structure:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It has three-tiered structure viz.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Strategic Policy Group: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is first level of the three tier structure. It forms the nucleus of the decision-making apparatus of the NSC. National Security Advisor is its chairman.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">National Security Advisory Board: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It consists of group of eminent national security experts outside of government. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its members are usually senior retired officials, civilian as well as military, academics and distinguished members of civil society having expertise in Internal and External Security, Foreign Affairs, Defence, Science and Technology and Economic Affairs.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It provides long-term prognosis and analysis to NSC and recommends solutions and address policy issues referred to it.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC): </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It analyses intelligence data from Intelligence Bureau, Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) and Directorates of Military, Naval and Air Intelligence. Its own Secretariat works under Cabinet Secretariat.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'modi-national-security-council-meeting', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ed3f/2l17ez11bz9e2q86g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ed3f/2l17ez11bz9e2q86g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'PM Modi chairs National Security Council meeting', 'metakeyword' => 'In National Current Affairs, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, chairs, National Security Council ,NSC, meeting, national capital, New Delhi, heightened tensions, India-Pakistan ', 'metadescription' => 'Prime Minister Narendra Modi chaired meeting of National Security Council (NSC) in national capital New Delhi amid heightened tensions between India and Pakistan', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/n92z71ueg4rf8vb/4Mar_PM_Narendra_Modi_chairs.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 341, 'title' => 'BOLD–QIT project inaugurated along international border in Dhubri, Assam ', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">BOLD-QIT (Border Electronically Dominated QRT Interception Technique) project was recently inaugurated India-Bangladesh border in Dhubri District, Assam. The project has been implemented by Information and Technology Wing of Border Security Force (BSF) under Comprehensive Integrated Border Management system (CIBMS).</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">BSF is responsible for safeguarding of 4,096 km long International Border with Bangladesh (longest land border shared by India). </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Due to geographical barrier such as riverine stretch and hilly terrain at various places on border, it is not possible to erect border fence. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">61 Kms of Border area in Dhubri (where Brahmaputra River enters into Bangladesh) consists vast char lands and innumerable river channels.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This makes border guarding in this area daunting task especially during rainy season.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">To overcome this, Home Ministry has launched CIBMS to deploying technologies/ solutions for improved border surveillance, especially in challenging areas where fencing is not possible.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">CIBMS is form of integration and deployment of radars, senors, cameras, communication networks and control solutions. </span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">BOLD-QIT Project</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Under it, technical systems are installed which enables BSF to equip Indo-Bangla borders with different kind of sensors in unfenced riverine area of Brahmaputra and its tributaries. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These sensors are connected to data network (Microwave communication, OFC Cables, DMR Communication) along with day and night surveillance cameras and intrusion detection system. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The network provides feeds to BSF Control Rooms on Border and enable BSF Quick Reaction Teams to thwart any possibility of illegal Cross Border Crossing/ Crimes.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It will provide technological solution besides physical presence of manpower of BSF. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its implementation now has covered entire span of River Brahmaputra. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will help BSF to curb all type of cross border crimes and provide respite to the troops from round the clock human surveillance.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'bold-qit-project-inaugurated-dhubri-assam', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d1f3/hxec43jjuhqx8056g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d1f3/hxec43jjuhqx8056g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'BOLD–QIT project inaugurated in Dhubri, Assam ', 'metakeyword' => 'In Security Current Affairs, BOLD–QIT project inaugurated along international border in Dhubri, Assam , Border Security, Comprehensive Integrated Border Management system, CIBMS, BSF', 'metadescription' => 'BOLD–QIT project inaugurated along international border in Dhubri, Assam ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/g7ommcxz5jfytos/5Mar_BOLD%25E2%2580%2593QIT_project_inaugurated.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 390, 'title' => 'INS Chakra III: India, Russia ink deal for nuclear-powered submarine', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India has signed $3 billion deal (inter-governmental agreement) with Russia for leasing of 8,000-tonne Akula class nuclear-powered attack submarine for Indian Navy for period of 10 years. Under this agreement, Russia will have to deliver this submarine, to be known as <strong>Chakra III</strong>, to Indian Navy by 2025.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The deal includes comprehensive package for refurbishment of nuclear submarine, its sustenance and spares support for 10 years as well as training and technical infrastructure for its operations.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Overall, India needs at least 18 conventional submarines, six SSNs and four SSBNs for effective deterrence in backdrop of China's attempts to expand its influence in and naval presence in Indian Ocean region.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Induction of INS Chakra III submarine will add some much-needed teeth to India’s depleting fleet of just 14 conventional diesel-electric submarines (13 old, and new Scorpene INS Kalvari out of e six under construction at Mazagon Docks), SSN (INS Chakra) and a mini-SSBN or “baby boomer” (INS Arihant).</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will also serve as training platform for 6,000-tonne INS Arihant, which is to be followed by three more SSBNs being built at ship-building center at Vizag under secretive Rs 90,000 crore Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) programme.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Note:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> INS Arihant is India’s first indigenous nuclear-powered submarine with nuclear-tipped ballistic missiles (called SSBN in naval parlance). In November 2018, it had completed its first “first nuclear deterrence patrol”.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Whether INS Chakra III will be used for nuclear triad?</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Due to limitations under international treaties, nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN) like INS Chakra is not equipped with long-range nuclear missiles. So it will not be part of India’s nuclear triads.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Thus, it is not meant for “nuclear deterrent patrols” but can be used deadly as “hunter-killer” of enemy submarines and warships and is also equipped with land-attack conventional cruise missiles.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Moreover, it can also be deployed for ISR (intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance) missions due to its stealthy nature and capability to stay underwater for extended periods.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Other Submarines leased from Russia</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India Navy already has taken two more submarines from Russia on lease. Chakra III will be the third Russian submarine to be leased to Indian Navy.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">First Russian nuclear-powered submarine christened INS Chakra was taken in 1988 for three-year lease. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Second INS Chakra II was taken on lease in 2012 for period of 10 years. Its lease will expire in 2022 and India is looking at extending the lease.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Benefits of Nuclear-powered submarines </span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can stay submerged for months at end as compared to conventional submarines which must surface or “snorkel” every few days to get oxygen to re-charge their diesel-electric batteries. </span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'ins-chakra-iii-india-russia-deal-nuclear-powered-submarine', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1a59/l6uv24dkf5y2gyu6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1a59/l6uv24dkf5y2gyu6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'India, Russia ink deal for nuclear-powered submarine', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, India, Russia, $3 billion deal, leasing, INS Chakra III, Akula class, nuclear-powered attack submarine, Indian Navy, 10 years', 'metadescription' => 'India has signed $3 billion deal (inter-governmental agreement) with Russia for leasing of 8,000-tonne Akula class nuclear-powered attack submarine for Indian Navy for period of 10 years', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/etsu36i25oehrcy/8Mar_INS_Chakra_III.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 433, 'title' => 'India is world’s 2nd largest arms importer: SIPRI Report', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">According to latest report published by Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), India was world’s second largest arms importer from 2014-18, accounting for 9.5% of global defence purchases. Prior to this period, India was world’s largest arms importer. Now it has been replaced by Saudi Arabia, which accounted for 12% of total global arms imports during 2014-18 period.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Highlights of Report</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Global Scenario:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> The volume of international transfers of major arms in 2014-18 was 7.8% higher than in 2009-13 and 23% higher than in 2004-2008. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The flow of arms increased to Middle East between 2009-13 and 2014-18, while there was decrease in flows to all other regions</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Five largest arms exporters in 2014-18:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> United States, Russia, France, Germany and China together accounting for 75% of total volume of arms exports in 2014-18. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">10 largest arms importers in 2014-18:</span></strong> <span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Saudi Arabia (12%), India (9.5%), Egypt (5.1%), Australia (4.6%), Algeria (4.4%), China (4.2%), UAE (3.7%), Iraq (3,7%), South Korea (3.1%) and Vietnam (2.9%).</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">China:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It has emerged as major arms exporter and has increased its share by 2.7% for 2014-18 compared to 2009-13. Its biggest customers are Pakistan and Bangladesh.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Its arms imports decreased by 24% between 2009-13 and 2014-18, partly due to delays in deliveries of arms produced under licence from foreign suppliers, such as combat aircraft ordered from Russia in 2001 and submarines ordered from France in 2008, the report stated.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Russia accounted for 58% of Indian arms imports in 2014–18, compared with 76% in 2009-13. Israel, United States and France all increased their arms exports to India in 2014-18. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Russia will remain India’s arms supplier and its share in Indian imports will sharply go up for next five-year period as India signed several big-ticket deals recently, and more are in the pipeline. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These include S-400 air defence systems, four stealth frigates, AK-203 assault rifles, a second nuclear attack submarine on lease, and deals for Kamov-226T utility helicopters, Mi-17 helicopters and short-range air defence systems. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Pakistan:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It stood at the 11th position accounting for 2.7% of all global arms imports. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its biggest source was China, from which it purchased 70% of arms, followed by the US (8.9%) and Russia (6%).</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was established in 1966 and is based in Stockholm, Sweden.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It provides data, analysis and recommendations, based on open sources, to policymakers, researchers, media and the interested public.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was ranked among top three non-US world-wide think tanks in 2014 Global Go To Think Tanks Report by University of Pennsylvania Lauder Institute</span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'india-worlds-2nd-largest-arms-importer', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e535/ukiv46schrvuurg6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e535/ukiv46schrvuurg6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'India is world’s 2nd largest arms importer: SIPRI Report', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, ', 'metadescription' => 'According to latest report published by Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), India was world’s second largest arms importer from 2014-18', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/plcvvpvbyscuwma/12Mar_India_is_world_s_2nd_largest_arms.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 496, 'title' => 'INS Khanderi: Second Scorpene submarine ready for induction', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy will second Scorpene submarine INS Khanderi by end April or early May 2019. This submarine was launched in January 2017 and has completed all trials. It is now in final stages of acceptance. It is the second of six submarines being built at Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL), Mumbai under technology transfer from Naval Group of France as part of <strong>Project 75</strong>.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">INS Khanderi</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is diesel-electric attack submarine of Kalvari-class. It is named after Maratha king Chhatrapati Shivaji's island fort Khanderi. Khanderi is also name for Tiger Shark.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its state-of-the-art features include superior stealth and ability to launch crippling attack on enemy using precision guided weapon. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can attack using torpedoes, as well as tube-launched anti-ship missiles, whilst on surface or underwater. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can operate in all theatres, including the tropics. Its stealth features give it invulnerability and makes difficult for enemy to detect it. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can undertake multifarious types of missions such as anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare, intelligence gathering, area surveillance, mine laying etc.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Project 75</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Under it, MDL Mumbai is manufacturing six Scorpene submarines under technology transfer from Naval Group of France under $3.75 billion contract signed in 2005. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Under it, 6 next generation diesel submarines are being built for Indian Navy. Entire project and induction of all submarines is expected to be completed by 2020.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These submarines are fitted with indigenously developed Air Independent Propulsion System (AIP) technology by DRDO for extended endurance.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The submarines are being built using modular approach in which different sections are built separately and later assembled on pontoon. </span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Progress of project</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">INS Kalvari was the first modern conventional submarine under this project to be inducted in service in December 2017.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The remaining submarines in the series are in advanced stages of manufacturing, assembling and sea trials. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The third in Scorpene series Karanj launched in January 2019 and is in advanced stage of trials and could be ready for induction by 2019 end.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Fourth submarine in series INS Vela is ready to be launched into water for trials by 2019 end.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The last two submarines INS Vagir and INS Vagsheer are in advanced stages of manufacturing on the assembly line.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'ins-khanderi-second-scorpene-submarine-ready-for-induction', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/346d/wpxce1gfls1ba1r6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/346d/wpxce1gfls1ba1r6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'INS Khanderi: Second Scorpene submarine ready for induction', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Indian Navy, second, Scorpene submarine, INS Khanderi, Project 75, Submarine Technology', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Navy will second Scorpene submarine INS Khanderi by end April or early May 2019. This submarine was launched in January 2017 and has completed all trials.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/oe7095jfo98zbf3/18_Mar_INS_Khanderi.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 497, 'title' => 'VC 11184: India’s first missile tracking ship undergoing sea trials', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India’s first missile tracking ocean surveillance ship (OSS) referred as <strong>VC 11184 </strong>is undergoing sea trials. On its induction in Indian Navy, it will be part India’s elaborate missile defence shield and will be primarily used for missile tracking including nuclear missiles. It already has successfully completed harbour trials. It will be shortly handed over to Ministry of Defence for induction.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">OSS VC 11184 </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is specialised Ocean Surveillance Ship (OSS) being built for National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO).</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been built by Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL). It is being referred to as yard number VC 11184. It will get formal name to be chosen by Indian Navy once it is inducted into the naval fleet.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been built under highly confidential project. Its keel was laid in June 2014. was built inside covered dry dock in Visakhapatnam to keep foreign satellites and spying attempts at bay. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has length of 175m, beam of 22m, depth of 6m. It has displacement of more than 10,000 tonnes and can attain maximum speed of 21 knots.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is powered by two imported 9000kW combined diesel engines and three 1200 ekW auxiliary generators.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has capacity to carry 300 crew with hi-tech gadgets and communication equipment. It also hosts large deck capable of helicopter landing. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is fitted with primary X band and secondary S band active electronically scanned array (AESA) radars. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In addition, it has long open deck with ample space to incorporate installing multiple missile tracking antennas.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be primarily used for missile tracking including nuclear missiles using its onboard sensors and radars. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be deployed for duties to support India’s strategic weapons programme. It will also be used to undertake electronic intelligence (ELINT) gathering. </span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">VC 11184 is India’s most advanced missile range instrumentation ship i.e. electronics and tracking and ocean surveillance ship.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be first dedicated element in Phase II of India’s ballistic missile defence (BMD) setup. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its main role will be tracking enemy missiles to accurately give data on tests that are routinely carried out of indigenous strategic missiles.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">With its induction, India will join elite of club of few countries that have such sophisticated ocean surveillance ship. Only four other countries — United States, Russia, China and France are operating similar missile survelliance vessels.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'v11184-indias-first-missile-tracking-ship', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9c28/0iwrrd69znbebz96g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9c28/0iwrrd69znbebz96g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'VC 11184: India’s 1st missile tracking ship undergoing sea trials', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, India’s first, missile tracking, ocean surveillance ship (OSS), VC 11184, sea trials,NTRO', 'metadescription' => 'India’s first missile tracking ocean surveillance ship (OSS) referred as VC 11184 is undergoing sea trials', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/e2iti4sx07vve11/18_Mar_VC_11184.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 510, 'title' => '80th raising day of CRPF observed', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) observed its 80th raising day. The raising day ceremony was presided by National Security Advisor (NSA) Ajit Doval. CRPF was raised in 1939 as Crown Representatives Police during British rule and was granted President's colour on 19 March 1950 by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, first home minister of the country,</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is the largest central armed police force or paramilitary force in the world with over 246 Battalions and three-lakh-personnel.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is country's largest Central Armed Police Forces. It functions under Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). Its motto is “Service and Loyalty”.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was raised in 1939 as Crown Representatives Police during British rule. After independence it was giving statutory backing with enactment of CRPF Act, 1949. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Mandate: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Enable government to maintain rule of law, public order and internal security effectively and efficiently, preserve national integrity and promote social harmony and development by upholding supremacy of the Constitution.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Functions: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It assists State/Union Territories in police operations to maintain law and order and counter insurgency. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also engaged in anti-Naxal operations, counter-terrorism operations etc. It also performs duties such as VIP security, riot controlling, election duties, guarding vital installations.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It also operating abroad as part of Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) and the United Nations peacekeeping missions.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => '80th-raising-day-crpf-observed', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/8ac2/6qiki31879uvd7t6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/8ac2/6qiki31879uvd7t6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => '80th raising day of CRPF observed | Defence Current Affairs', 'metakeyword' => 'In National Current Affairs, Central Reserve Police Force, CRPF, 80th raising day, internal Security, Paramilitary force', 'metadescription' => 'Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) observed its 80th raising day. The raising day ceremony was presided by National Security Advisor (NSA) Ajit Doval', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/c23dpj7fl8ch6f5/20_Mar_80th_raising_day_of_CRPF.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 546, 'title' => 'IAF inducts four CH-47 Chinook military helicopters', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian AirForce (IAF) inducted first batch of four CH-47F Chinook military helicopters into iys 126 Helicopter Unit (nicknamed Featherweigts) at Chandigarh. They will be also used for deploying troops and machinery at high altitude locations with India and Pakistan.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These four helicopters are 15 Chinook helicopters IAF is purchasing from US (manufactured by Boeing) as part of Rs. 8000 crore deal signed in 2015. The entire fleet of 15 Chinooks are expected to arrive in India by 2020. The second unit of these helicopters come up at Dinjan, Assam and will fortify India’s eastern border with China.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">CH-47F (I) Chinook helicopter </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is an advanced multi-role, vertical lift military helicopter manufactured by US aerospace company Boeing. It is twin-engined, tandem rotor, heavy-lift helicopter. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is named after Native American Chinook people of modern-day Washington state of US. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has fully integrated digital cockpit management system. It possesses several means of loading various cargoes. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has capacity to carry maximum payload capacity of 11 tonnes and 45 troops. It has an additional capacity to lift underslung load of up to 10 tonnes. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is capable of transporting fully-equipped infantry soldiers for specialised operations. Its top speed is of 170 knots (315 km/h). </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has 24X7 all-weather operational capabilities. It is highly manoeuvrable, which makes it suitable for operating in tough, dense terrain.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Applications</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">IAF will be using it proving logistics support for military opearions i.e. for transporting troops, fuel, artillery and equipment on the battlefield.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Besides, it will be also used during humanitarian and disaster relief (HADR) operations for mass evacuation missions, medical evacuation, disaster relief, search and recovery, fire-fighting and civil development.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will provide Indian armed forces with unmatched strategic airlift capability across full spectrum of combat and humanitarian missions. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will enhance IAF’s heavy-lift chopper capabilities to deliver payloads to high altitudes. It will help to lift M-777 ultra-light howitzers of the Indian armed forces.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will also replace IAF’s existing fleet of Russia made four gigantic Mi-26s transport helicopters. </span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'iaf-inducts-four-chinook-military-helicopters', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5fc1/6m8kog5i034ps4v6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5fc1/6m8kog5i034ps4v6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'IAF inducts four CH-47 Chinook military helicopters', 'metakeyword' => 'Indian Air Force, inducts, four, Chinook military helicopters, 126 Helicopter Unit , nicknamed Featherweigts, Chandigarh', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Airforce inducted first batch of four CH-47F Chinook military helicopters into IAF's 126 Helicopter Unit nicknamed Featherweigts at Chandigarh', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/0ncm1mrdubycs69/IAF_inducts_four_CH-47_Chinook.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 549, 'title' => 'ABHEDYA: Indian Navy commissions Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Training Facility', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy has commissioned Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Training Facility (NBCTF) ABHEDYA at INS Shivaji in Lonavala, Maharashtra. This unique facility will assist Indian Navy in providing realistic simulation of Nuclear, Chemical and Biological (NBC) warfare to its personnel during their NBC damage control training, which till now was largely limited to theoretical training.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">NBCTF ABHEDYA</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been christened "Abhedya", a Sanskrit term which means impenetrable in English. It symbolises protective cover that is provided on naval ships which are fitted with nuclear, biological and chemical detection and protection systems. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This facility has been built by Goa Shipyard Limited. It will help train personnel of naval ships fitted with NBC detection and protection systems. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will provide realistic training to naval personnel in detection, protection against and decontamination of NBC agents.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The steel structure of this simulator facility represents relevant NBC compartment of ship such as upper decks, citadels, cleansing stations, DCHQ, etc.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its upper deck compartment is equipped with live agents along with NBC equipment such as SIRS, SICADS and other NBC detection and monitoring equipment. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will train trainees in detecting, monitoring, surveying and decontaminating areas using actual NBC equipment, providing real time NBC scenarios.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">INS Shivaji </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is premier Technical Training Establishment of Indian Navy that trains officers and sailors of marine engineering branch and equips them with professional skills and expertise. It is located in Lonavala, Maharashtra.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was commissioned in February 1945 as HMIS Shivaji. It is located close to the Bhushi Dam. It is located on 876 acres of land.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It houses Naval College of Engineering which trains officers of the Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy's Center for Marine Engineering Technology and Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Defence (NBCD) School are also based here.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is celebrating its platinum jubilee year in 2019-20. The theme this celebration is "Propelling the Indian Navy since 1945".</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'india-navy-commissions-nuclear-biological-chemical-training-facility', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9c3c/0fnd2u2r3y5xdy56g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9c3c/0fnd2u2r3y5xdy56g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'ABHEDYA: Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Training Facility ', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Indian Navy, commissions Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Training Facility, NBCTF, ABHEDYA, INS Shivaji, Lonavala, Maharashtra.', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Navy has commissioned Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Training Facility (NBCTF) ABHEDYA at INS Shivaji in Lonavala, Maharashtra.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/gg5lbdgl3tzhbw6/ABHEDYA.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 557, 'title' => 'Indian Army flags its first Mt Makalu Mountaineering Expedition', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Army has flagged off its first Mountaineering Expedition to Mt Makalu (8485m) as part of its objective of summiting all challenging peaks above 8000M. This expedition comprises five Officers, two JCOs and eleven OR was flagged off by Director General Military Training. The team has trained for last six months as part of preparation to fulfill the daunting task. It will embark for t challenging mission from New Delhi and will set up six camps enroute to summit point on Mt Makalu.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Mt Makalu</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is the fifth highest mountain in the world at 8,485 metres. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is located in Mahalangur Himalayas, southeast of Mount Everest, on the border between Nepal and Tibet, China.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is an isolated peak whose shape is a four-sided pyramid It is notorious for its steep pitches and knife-edged ridges that are completely open.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is considered amongst the most dangerous peaks and summiting it is considered extremely challenging due to harsh weather conditions and freezing temperatures.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It tests climbers for technical acumen, mental and physical courage and their determination to reach atop Mt Makalu.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Team of American climbers led by Riley Keegan were first to climb it in the spring of 1954.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'indian-army-flags-first-mt-makalu-mountaineering-expedition', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a57a/wai1qo1f12698ac6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a57a/wai1qo1f12698ac6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Indian Army flags its first Mt Makalu Mountaineering Expedition', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Indian Army,flags first Mountaineering Expedition, Mt Makalu, summiting, all, challenging peaks, above 8000M', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Army has flagged off its first Mountaineering Expedition to Mt Makalu (8485m) as part of its objective of summiting all challenging peaks above 8000M.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/zm4o576whao1d77/Indian_Army_flags_its.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 580, 'title' => '2nd joint logistics node of tri-services become operational in Mumbai', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The second joint logistics node of tri-services has become operational at Naval base in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It will provide logistical support to all three defence services and improve utilisation of resources, manpower and remove duplication. The first JLN consisting of the three services was set up at Andaman and Nicobar Islands in 2018. The third logistic node is in process and is likely to come up in Guwahati, Assam and it will only be among Indian Army and Air Force.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Logistics node at Mumbai</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is led by Indian Navy. It will speed up procurement and improve maintenance of military assets</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be used by three services to procure rations, critical spares, and ammunition for basic weapons like rifles used by Indian Navy, Air Force and Army.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will give Indian defense forces much-needed advantage against their adversaries, particularly those using the sea route from Pakistan.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Until recently, three armed forces had separate facilities for logistics and maintenance. But there was demand for enhancing inter-operability and synergy among the three services was long standing issue. The first decision in principle to have joint logistical node was taken in 2008. Such nodes were planned in areas where two or more services are located to cater to logistical needs. Government is planning to set up similar nodes at 12 or 13 locations in western and north-eastern sectors in phased manner.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Joint logistics node comprises of three elements</span></strong></span></span></p> <ol style="list-style-type:lower-roman"> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Joint Logistics Command & Control Centre (JLC&CC):</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It is overall command organisation, </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Tri-services Detachment at Material Organisation (TRIDAMO): It </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">will meet logistical needs of the armed forces and </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Triservices Advanced Detachment (TRISAD):</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It is based on mainland and responsible for sending troops and equipment to the nodes. </span></span></span></li> </ol> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => '2nd-joint-logistics-node-tri-services-operational-mumbai', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0c23/497eu0t9aaq4bgg6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0c23/497eu0t9aaq4bgg6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => '2nd joint logistics node of tri-services operational in Mumbai', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, second, joint logistics node, triservices,operational, Naval base,Mumbai, Maharashtra', 'metadescription' => 'Second joint logistics node of triservices has become operational at Naval base in Mumbai, Maharashtra.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/9xtw358ty8zxnt6/2nd_joint_logistics_node.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 579, 'title' => 'Dhanush: Indian Army inducts first indigenous artillery guns', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Army has inducted first indigenously manufactured 155mm x 45mm calibre Dhanush Howitzer artillery guns. It will be third type of artillery gun to be inducted into Indian Army after K-9 Vajra and the M-777 ultra-light howitzers in recent times after Bofors artillery was inducted in 1980s.The induction comes after Dhanush was tested to withstand extreme conditions like rainfall and snow, and have also been built for use in multiple terrains, from plains, to sand and especially in hilly areas. Indian Army had placed bulk order for 110 Dhanus artillery guns with Ordnance Factory.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Dhanush Artillery Gun </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is first indigenous 155 mm x 45 calibre long-range artillery guns developed by Ordnance Factory Board (OFB), Kolkata based on requirements of Indian Army. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also called desi Bofors as it is upgraded version of Swedish 155-mm Bofors howitzers, which India procured in mid-1980s, based on its original designs. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It far more technologically superior to Bofors due to modifications made to the barrel to help improve its accuracy. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been electronically upgraded to enhance its firing accuracies, laying speeds and compatibility with various kinds of ammo as.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its armament system comprises barrel, breech mechanism, muzzle brake and recoil mechanism to fire 155 mm calibre ammunitions. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It require crew of six to eight artillerymen and is capable of firing eight rounds per minutes.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has strike range of 38 kilometres (11 km more than imported Bofors guns) with high accuracy and precision. Depending on type of ammunition used it can provide greater fire power. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is equipped with inertial navigation-based sighting system, on-board ballistic computation, auto-laying facility and advanced day and night direct firing system. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can accommodate both boll bags and bi-modular charge system (BMCS) which have resulted in increasing range. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has advanced day and night direct firing system. It is capable of firing projectiles at relatively higher angle with a steep angle of descent.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has several significant advance features including all-electric drive, high mobility, quick deployability, auxiliary power mode, advanced communication system and automated command and control system. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has six round magazine as compared to standard three round. It weighs slightly more than normal artillery guns due to larger chamber. It has been mechanically upgraded to fire standard NATO 155 mm ammunition.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'dhanush-indian-army-inducts-first-indigenous-artillery-guns', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4adf/4e1tjvxsb9gaonk6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4adf/4e1tjvxsb9gaonk6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Dhanush: Indian Army inducts first indigenous artillery guns', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Indian Army inducted,first,indigenously manufactured, 155mm x 45mm calibre, Dhanush Howitzer artillery guns', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Army has inducted first indigenously manufactured 155mm x 45mm calibre Dhanush Howitzer artillery guns. ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/w6x5zgkxhzxp1te/Dhanush.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 590, 'title' => 'Indian Navy gets indigenous combat management system for INS Vikrant', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy has received Combat Management System (CMS) for first indigenous aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant. It has been privately co-developed by Tata Power Strategic Engineering Division and Electronics System Engineering Establishment and MARS of Russia. <strong>It is the first CMS to be developed by private industry for Indian Navy and for indigenous aircraft carrier.</strong></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Combat Management System (CMS)</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is computer system that integrates and connects aircraft carrier’s sensors, weapons and delivery systems, data links, instruction lines to staff performing combat task. It synergises all its capabilities under one command, thus making tasks of sensor control, sensor data fusion, threat evaluation and weapons control all the more effective and induce more sync.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance </span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is major landmark on Indian Navy’s thrust towards Government’s policy of 'Make in India' to encourage indigenous development and promoting private industry participation. Prior accepting CMS, its system software and hardware were subjected to rigorous acceptance trials and has successfully cleared all acceptance tests, endurance and full load trials.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">INS Vikrant</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is India’s first indigenously-built largest aircraft carrier. It is also called IAC-1. It is in its third and final phase of construction at Kochi shipyard and the sea trials are expected to begin by mid-2020. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will employ Short Take-Off But Arrested Recovery (STOBAR) mechanism with ski-jump and arrestor cables to launch and recover aircraft. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can operate 20 fighter jets and 10 other supportive aircraft. MiG-29K fighter aircrafts which are currently in service with Indian Navy will operate from its deck. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian navy is also keen on second indigenous aircraft carrier IAC-2 or INS Vishal. It will be much bigger, indigenous, super carrier and it is currently in design phase and is expected to be operational by 2030.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'indian-navy-gets-indigenous-combat-management-system', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1a98/3p57kir06uiv61t6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1a98/3p57kir06uiv61t6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Indian Navy gets first Combat Management System ', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Indian Navy, receives, Combat Management System (CMS), INS Vikrant,first, indigenous aircraft carrier, ', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Navy has received Combat Management System (CMS) for first indigenous aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/1c13387u7n3ywx3/Indian_Navy_gets_indigenous.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 677, 'title' => 'US approves sale of 24 MH 60 Romeo Seahawk helicopters to India', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">United States (US) has approved sale of 24 multi-role MH-60 'Romeo' Seahawk helicopters to India at estimated cost of $2.4 billion. These are formidable anti-submarine hunter helicopters designed for hunting submarines as well as knocking out ships and conducting search-and-rescue operations at sea. These helicopters will be deployed with Indian Navy and </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">MH-60 Romeo Seahawk helicopter </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is considered to be the world’s most advanced maritime helicopter. It is built by Lockheed Martin. It is designed to hunt down submarines, as well as knock out ships and conduct search-and-rescue operations at sea.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is the most capable naval helicopter available at present designed to operate from frigates, destroyers, cruisers and aircraft carriers. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is considered as cornerstone of US Navy's Helicopter Concept of Operations. It is deployed by US Navy primarily for anti-submarine warfare anti-surface weapon system for open ocean and littoral zones.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance of this deal</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This proposed sale will support foreign policy and national security of US by helping to strengthen US-Indian strategic relationship. It will also not alter military balance in the region.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will help to replenish India Navy's aging fleet of British-made Sea King helicopters. It will provide the Indian Navy capability to perform anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare missions. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Besides, it will also enhance performance of secondary missions including vertical replenishment, search and rescue, and communications relay, naval gunfire support and logistics support.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Induction of these helicopters will add lethal capabilities of Indian Navy, which is the need of the hour given the aggressive behaviour of China in the Indian Ocean region.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will improve security of India which is major defensive partner of US and continues to be important force for political stability, peace, and economic progress in the Indo-Pacific and South Asia region.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India, which had estranged relations with US during Cold War, now has emerged as one of its leading defense partner. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This primarily due interests of world's two largest democracies largely overlapping amid their concerns over a rising China and Islamist extremism<strong>. </strong></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India is concerned by China's growing interest in its backwaters especially in Indian Ocean as it becomes global naval power. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In strategy dubbed by Indian and US observers as "string of pearls," China has made use of growing number of naval bases in Indian Ocean, most notably Gwadar port it is developing in Pakistan. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India has responded to China’s strategy with doctrine to ensure freedom of movement throughout Indian Ocean, stretching from Strait of Malacca to Strait of Hormuz.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'us-approves-sale-24-mh-60-romeo-seahawk-helicopters-india', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/743c/x2v7jcxe34linea6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/743c/x2v7jcxe34linea6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'US approves sale of 24 MH 60 Romeo Seahawk helicopters to India', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, United States,approves, sale, 24, MH 60, Romeo Seahawk helicopters,to India', 'metadescription' => 'Romeo Seahawk helicopters, US approves sale of 24 MH 60 Romeo Seahawk helicopters to India. United States (US) has approved sale of 24 multi-role MH-60 'Romeo' ', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/h0698xcqkbzspe9/US_approves_sale_of_24.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 14 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 675, 'title' => 'Matiri Bridge: Indian Army built longest suspension bridge over Indus River', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Army has successfully built longest suspension bridge over the Indus River in the Leh-Ladakh region. It has been named ‘Matiri Bridge’, symbolising excellent civil-military relations existing in the Leh-Ladakh region. The bridge was inaugurated by war veterans who were part of 1947-48, 1962, 1971 and 1999 wars in Jammu and Kashmir.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Matiri Bridge</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is suspension Bridge constructed over Indus River by combat engineers of Sahas aur Yogyata regiment of Indian Army’s Fire & Fury Corps.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is 260-feet long, making it longest Suspension Bridge over Indus River. It has been built in a record time of 40 days. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is shortest time taken by Indian Army built to build any suspension bridge of this length. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Locals from nearby villages of Choglamsar, Stok and Chuchot also had helped Indian Army in the construction of the bridge.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'matiri-bridge-indian-army-built-longest-suspension-bridge-indus-river', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/09a2/9bhld8ztguyil5t6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/09a2/9bhld8ztguyil5t6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Indian Army built longest suspension bridge over Indus River', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Matiri Bridge: Indian Army built longest suspension bridge over Indus River', 'metadescription' => 'Matiri Bridge: Indian Army built longest suspension bridge over Indus River, Indian Army has successfully built longest suspension bridge over the Indus River in the Leh-Ladakh region', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/y1l801hkcu0r6vs/Matiri_Bridge.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 15 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 668, 'title' => 'COMCASA: First secure link between India, US navies set up', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India and United States (US) have set up first ever secure communication link between naval headquarters in New Delhi and US Central as well as Pacific Naval Commands. This link has been set up under landmark Indo-US Communications, Compatibility & Security Agreement (COMCASA) signed by both countries in September 2018. US also has activated Selective Availability Anti-Spoofing Module GPS system in some of C-130 and C-17 transport aircrafts which India had bought from it as result of implementation of COMCASA.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is major boost to India’s defence diplomacy. These two upgrades will allow both sides to share real-time operational intelligence. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will enable both sides to operate on same communication systems, thus helping build interoperable environment for militaries.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The establishment of secure active link between two navies is significant step forward as India will gain access to latest US naval intelligence besides conducting joint operations in the future.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Prior to signing of COMCASA, US could not part with highly coded communication gear with military platforms it had sold to India. As a result, India had to depend on less secure systems on high-end platforms like C-130Js and tP8I maritime surveillance aircraft, among others bought from US.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA) </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> is one of the four foundational defence cooperation agreements that guides US high technology cooperation in defence sector with other countries. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is tweaked version of Communication and Information on Security Memorandum of Agreement (CISMOA) signed by with other countries to reflect India-specific nature.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was signed in September 2018 signed at end of inaugural India-US ‘2+2’ Ministerial Dialogue held in New Delhi. It will be valid for 10 years.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It facilitates use and installation of high-end secured communication equipment on military platforms being sold to India by US to fully exploit their potential. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It provides legal framework for transfer of communication security equipment from US to India.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This will facilitate interoperability between armed forces of both countries and potentially with other militaries that use US-origin systems for secure data links. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Interoperability under this pact means that there will be access to encrypted and secret technologies or communications.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">US has assured India that it will not share data from Indian platforms with another country, nor access this data without prior permission. Besides choice to upgrade under it will rest with India and will not be wholly determined by US.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'first-secure-link-between-india-us-navies-set-up-comcasa', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/25a5/izc32iz3ye3y2h76g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/25a5/izc32iz3ye3y2h76g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'COMCASA: First secure link between India, US navies set up', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, India-United States, set up, first,r secure communication link, naval headquarters, US Central, Pacific Naval Commands', 'metadescription' => 'India and US have set up first ever secure communication link between naval headquarters in New Delhi and US Central as well as Pacific Naval Commands', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/7vmc0qynyc91vj9/COMCASA.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 16 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 646, 'title' => 'LCU L56: Indian Navy commissions sixth Landing Craft Utility ship', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy inducted sixth ship of Landing Craft Utility (LCU) Mk-IV class dubbed as IN LCU L56. It will enhance Indian Navy's amphibious operations capability including transport of troops, tanks and equipment.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy has ordered total eight LCU Mark-IV vessels built under LCU Mk-IV project. The remaining two LCU ships of project are in advanced stage of construction and are scheduled to be inducted into Indian Navy by end of 2019.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">LCU L56 Mk-IV</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is an amphibious ship with displacement of 830 Tons and can sail through sea at speed of 15kt.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been designed and built indigenously by Kolkata based Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) under LCU Mk-IV project.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can carry 160 troops and transporting 145 tons of military equipment. It will be based at Andaman and Nicobar Command of Indian Navy.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is fitted with various advanced systems such as the Integrated Bridge System (IBS) and Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS).</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also fitted with indigenous CRN 91 Gun with Stabilised Optronic Pedestal. It will provide ship offensive capability for undertaking patrolling.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Applications</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its primary role is of transportation and deployment of Main Battle Tanks (MTBs), armoured vehicles, troops and equipment from ship to shore.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be also used for multirole activities like beaching operations, search and rescue, disaster relief operations, supply and replenishment and evacuation from distant islands.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Induction of LCU ships will contribute to India’s maritime security needs and help to accomplish its quest for self-reliance in shipbuilding under Make in India initiative.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'lcu-l56-indian-navy-commissions-sixth-landing-craft-utility-ship', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e1b4/pi8e3b8av36anlg6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e1b4/pi8e3b8av36anlg6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'LCU L56: Indian Navy commissions sixth Landing Craft Utility ship', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, LCU L56, Indian Navy, commissions, sixth, Landing Craft Utility ship, GRSE, Indian Navy, ', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Navy inducted sixth ship of Landing Craft Utility (LCU) Mk-IV class dubbed as IN LCU L56. It will enhance its amphibious operations capability ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/oho8f89fbz1kr86/LCU_L56.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 17 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 645, 'title' => 'GRSE becomes 1st Indian Shipyard to deliver 100 Warships', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) became the first shipyard in the country to deliver 100 warships. Its 100th warship landing craft utility (LCU) L-56 was recently handed over to Indian Navy. 100 warships built by GRSE so far range from anti-submarine warfare corvettes to advanced frigates to fleet tankers, fast attack crafts, etc for Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE)</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is defence PSU having Miniratna status functioning under Union Ministry of Defence.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is one of India’s leading state-owned shipyards. It is located in Kolkata, West Bengal. </span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It builds and repairs commercial and naval vessels for Indian Navy and Coast Gaurd. It also exports ships to friendly countries. </span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was established in 1884 as small privately owned company on Hooghly River in Kolkata. It was nationalised by Government in 1960.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The first vessel delivered to the Navy was INS Ajay in 1961. It was seaward defence boat. Since then it has played key role in national security of country.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has built all kinds of vessels ranging from 5-tonne fast-interceptor crafts to 24,600-tonne fleet tanker INS Aditya,</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Currently it is building three large stealth frigates for Indian Navy with latest gas-turbine propulsion systems under P17A Project. </span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'grse-1st-indian-shipyard-deliver-100-warships', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/03ff/dwysrrke6d2y6846g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/03ff/dwysrrke6d2y6846g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'GRSE becomes 1st Indian Shipyard to deliver 100 Warships', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, GRSE, 1st ,Indian Shipyard, deliver, 100 Warships, Make In India, ', 'metadescription' => 'GRSE becomes 1st Indian Shipyard to deliver 100 Warships, Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) became the first shipyard in the country to deliver 100 warships.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/9li3kklcrzsahy6/GRSE_becomes_1st_Indian.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 18 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 689, 'title' => 'Project 75I: Indian Navy kicks off lethal submarine project', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy has initiated acquisition procedure to procure six new-generation conventional stealth submarines under ambitious 'Project-75 India' at estimated outlay of Rs.50,000 crore. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has initiated tender process by issuing initial Expression of Interest (EoI) to foreign vendors willing to participate in this mega-project along with Indian Partners under strategic partnership model. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The acquisition procedure comes after Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) chaired by Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman had approved this project in February 2019.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Project-75 India</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is follow-on of Project 75 Kalvari-class or Scorpene class submarines for Indian Navy. Under it, the Indian Navy intends to acquire 6 new-generation conventional stealth submarines. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Submarines under it will be constructed in Indian shipyards under strategic partnership model between foreign vendor and its Indian partner.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These submarines will be almost 50% bigger than under-construction Scorpene class submarines being built at the Mazagon Dockyards Limited in Mumbai.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These submarines will have advanced stealth capabilities such as greater ability to suppress noise and acoustic signatures. They will also be outfitted with Air-independent propulsion (AIP) fuel cells which can significantly increase submerged endurance and operational range.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">They will have advanced detection range and combat management system besides better sensors for optimum performance. Their weapon system will be mix of torpedoes and missiles.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">They will have vertical launch system (VLS) to enable them to carry multiple Brahmos supersonic cruise missiles, making them fully capable of anti-surface (land attack) and anti-ship warfare missions.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy’s Requirement</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It wants Project 75 I submarines to be equipped with heavy-duty firepower, having 12 Land Attack Cruise Missiles (LACM) along with Anti-Ship cruise missiles (ASCM). It also want these submarines to have capacity to carry and launch 18 heavyweight torpedoes in the sea.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">P75I project is part of 30-year submarine building plan that ends in 2030. As part of this plan, India seeks to have 24 submarines — 18 conventional submarines and six nuclear-powered submarines (SSNs) in its fleet to manage its area of responsibility stretching from Malacca Straits to the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and for effective deterrence. Indian Navy is looking to build its assets to consolidate its supremacy in strategically important IOR where Chinese Navy also operates. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy has fleet of more than 100 submarines and surface warships. It currently possesses 14 conventional submarines, including Scorpene. But only half are operational at any given point of time. India Navy also has two nuclear-powered submarines INS Arihant (SSBN, a ballistic missile submarine) and INS Chakra (SSN, a nuclear-powered one) leased from Russia.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Recently, in March 2019 India had sealed a US $3 billion deal with Russia for leasing of nuclear-powered attack submarine (INS Chakra III) for Indian Navy for a period of 10 years. Under this deal, Russia will have to deliver Chakra III, an Akula class submarine, to the Indian Navy by 2025. It will be the third Russian submarine to be leased to the Indian Navy.</span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'project-75i-indian-navy-kicks-off-lethal-submarine-project', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/7b41/1x1f1oeweogkqgj6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/7b41/1x1f1oeweogkqgj6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Project 75I: Indian Navy kicks off lethal submarine project', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs,Indian Navy, acquisition procedure, procure, six new-generation, conventional stealth submarines, ambitious, Project-75 India, ', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Navy has initiated acquisition procedure to procure six new-generation conventional stealth submarines under ambitious 'Project-75 India' at estimated outlay of Rs.50,000 crore.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/s2sckh1yt7899xr/Project_75I.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 19 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 726, 'title' => 'Veer Parivar App launched for families of martyred CRPF troops', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">President Ram Nath Kovind has launched Veer Parivar App for families of Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) personnel killed in the line of duty. It was launched on the occasion of the CRPF's 'Valour Day' observed on April 9.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Veer Parivar App</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is android-based app that aims to act as interface between CRPF authorities and the next of kin of the slain personnel. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will provide all assistance to families of the martyred CRPF personnel with regard to issuance of ex gratia, pensionary benefits on real-time basis.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will also provide all information regarding welfare schemes introduced for them by the government.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be installed by CRPF officials securely on phone of families and will not be available over the app stores. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">CRPF headquarters in Delhi and various group centres across the country will respond to the issues of family of slain CRPF personnel.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">CRPF Valour Day</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is observed to tribute to heroic action of small contingent of 2nd Battalion of CRPF which on April 9, 1965 had successfully fought and repulsed attack by Pakistani Brigade on Sardar Post in Rann of Kutch, Gujarat. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In this action, CRPF men had eliminated 34 Pakistani soldiers and capturing four alive. This was first in history of military battles, handful of policemen had fought back a full-fledged infantry Brigade in such manner. In this conflict, six valiant CRPF men also attained martyrdom. </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'veer-parivar-app-launched-for-families-martyred-crpf', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4398/d7farzr5qf05p5g6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4398/d7farzr5qf05p5g6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Veer Parivar App launched for families of martyred CRPF troops', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence and Security Current Affairs, Veer Parivar App launched for families of martyred CRPF troops', 'metadescription' => 'Veer Parivar App launched for families of martyred CRPF troops, President Ram Nath Kovind has launched Veer Parivar App for families of Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/jnutcuc1vleow9c/Veer_Parivar_App_launched.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 20 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 714, 'title' => 'Indian army receives first batch of 6 Dhanush artillery guns', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Army has received first batch of 6 indigenously manufactured 155mm x 45mm calibre Dhanush artillery guns from Ordnance Factory Board (OFB), Jabalpur. The first Dhanush regiment with 18 guns is expected to be ready by the end 2020. These guns will be deployed along India’s borders with Pakistan and China. Indian Army had placed bulk order for 110 Dhanus artillery guns with OFB. It will be third type of artillery gun to be inducted into Indian Army after K-9 Vajra and the M-777 ultra-light howitzers in recent times after Bofors artillery was inducted in 1980s.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Dhanush Artillery Gun</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is first indigenous 155 mm x 45 calibre long-range artillery guns developed by OFB based on requirements of Indian Army.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also called desi Bofors as it is upgraded version of Swedish 155-mm Bofors howitzers, procured by India in mid-1980s.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It far more technologically superior to Bofors due to modifications made to the barrel to help improve its accuracy.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has 81% indigenous content and by the end of 2019, it will go up to 91%. It has been electronically upgraded to enhance its firing accuracies, laying speeds and compatibility with various kinds of ammo as.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its armament system comprises barrel, breech mechanism, muzzle brake and recoil mechanism to fire 155 mm calibre ammunitions.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It require crew of six to eight artillerymen and is capable of firing eight rounds per minutes.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has strike range of 38 kilometres (11 km more than imported Bofors guns) with high accuracy and precision. Depending on type of ammunition used it can provide greater fire power upto 38km.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is equipped with inertial navigation-based sighting system, on-board ballistic computation, auto-laying facility and advanced day and night direct firing system.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can accommodate both boll bags and bi-modular charge system (BMCS) which have resulted in increasing range.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has advanced day and night direct firing system. It is capable of firing projectiles at relatively higher angle with a steep angle of descent.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has several significant advance features including all-electric drive, high mobility, quick deployability, auxiliary power mode, advanced communication system and automated command and control system.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has six round magazine as compared to standard three round. It weighs slightly more than normal artillery guns due to larger chamber. It has been mechanically upgraded to fire standard NATO 155 mm ammunition.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'indian-army-receives-first-batch-6-dhanush-artillery-guns', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1d38/c5m4jn95jnmp1416g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1d38/c5m4jn95jnmp1416g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Indian army receives first batch of 6 Dhanush artillery guns', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Curent Affairs,Indian army receives first batch of 6 Dhanush artillery guns', 'metadescription' => 'Indian army receives first batch of 6 Dhanush artillery guns, Indian Army has received first batch of 6 indigenously manufactured 155mm x 45mm calibre Dhanush artillery guns', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/dtmfizepe6725gp/Indian_army_receives.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 21 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 752, 'title' => 'Indian Navy inaugurates Virtual Reality Centre', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Navy has inaugurated new state-of-the-art Virtual Reality Centre (VRC) at Directorate of Naval Design (Surface Ship Group) in New Delhi. It will provide major boost to indigenous warship design capabilities of Indian Navy.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Virtual Reality Centre (VRC)</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It aims to also provide impetus to self-reliance and greater fillip to warship construction under 'Make in India' initiative of Central Government.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will provide major boost to indigenous warship design capabilities of Indian Navy. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will facilitate collaborative design reviews for continuous interaction between designers and end-users to improve design and ergonomics onboard warships.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Directorate of Naval Design (Submarine Design Group) </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is premier organization of Indian Navy for design of submarines and submersibles. It had started its operations in 1960s and since then has made major contributions towards indigenous warship design capabilities of Indian Navy and improving self-reliance for warship design and construction.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It provides platform design of underwater vessels- From Concept design to Detailed design, supports indigenous development of submarine systems and equipment and provides comprehensive design support for project execution. It also provides design support for modernization of operational submarines. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has successfully developed 19 warship designs on which more than 90 platforms have been constructed till date.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Virtual Reality (VR)</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is the use of computer technology to create simulated real world in virtaul environment. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Unlike traditional user interfaces, it places user inside experience. Instead of viewing screen in front of them, users are immersed and able to interact with 3D world. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Using VR devices users can be transported into number of real-world and imagined environments. It leads to complete immersion experience by shutting out physical world.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is different as compared to augmented reality (AR), which adds digital elements to live view often by using camera on smartphone. Its best example is Pokemon Go game.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'indian-navy-inaugurates-virtual-reality-centre', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/fbb5/5fwu0vb1em1sfsf6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/fbb5/5fwu0vb1em1sfsf6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Indian Navy inaugurates Virtual Reality Centre', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Indian Navy, Virtual Reality Centre, Directorate of Naval Design, Surface Ship Group, New Delhi', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Navy has inaugurated new state-of-the-art Virtual Reality Centre VRC at Directorate of Naval Design Surface Ship Group in New Delhi', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/w33jtnp76apd41a/Indian_Navy_inaugurates.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 22 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 768, 'title' => 'Nirbhay missile successfully test fired', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully test-fired long-range sub-sonic cruise missile 'Nirbhay'. It was fired from launch complex-3 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur, Balasore district of Odisha.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">About Test </span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was sixth developmental flight trial/test of this missile which was successful and meet all its mission objectives. Its last successful trial was conducted in November 2017 and was successful. Previous three of its five previous tests were unsuccessful to varying degrees.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">NIRBHAY Missile </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is India’s first indigenously developed <strong>Long Range Sub-Sonic Cruise Missile. It has been developed by DRDO.</strong></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has blending of missile and aeronautical technologies, which allows it to take off vertically like missile and cruise horizontally at supersonic speed like an aircraft.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is <strong>two stage missile</strong>, <strong>powered by solid rocket motor booster</strong> developed by Advanced Systems Laboratory (ASL) of DRDO.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has <strong>operational range of 1000 km</strong> and can carry warheads of up to 300 kg both <strong>conventional as well as nuclear warheads</strong>. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has top speed of 0.7 Mach. It can be launched from various kind of platforms and is capable to engage several targets in a single flight. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is capable of flying at different altitudes ranging from 100 m to 4 km above ground as it has two side wings. It can also fly at low altitudes (like low tree level) to avoid detection by enemy radar.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is terrain hugging missile i.e. has loitering capability which enables it to encircle area of its target for several minutes and then hits bull’s eye’ on opportune time.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its guidance, control and navigation system is configured around indigenously designed Ring Laser Gyroscope (RLG) and MEMS based Inertial Navigation System (INS) along with GPS system.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is currently under development and undergoing flight trials. On induction, it will supplement role played by Brahmos missile for Indian Armed Forces by delivering warheads farther than the 450 km range of Brahmos.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'nirbhay-missile-successfully-test-fired', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/06cb/0b0w1u39ohb56v76g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/06cb/0b0w1u39ohb56v76g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Nirbhay missile successfully test fired | Current Affairs', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, DRDO, successfully, test-fired, long-range sub-sonic cruise missile, Nirbhay', 'metadescription' => 'DRDO has successfully test-fired long-range sub-sonic cruise missile 'Nirbhay'. It was fired from launch complex-3 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur, Balasore district of Odisha.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/exxjjjzcws5bsk1/Nirbhay_missile.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 23 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 771, 'title' => 'Indian Coast Guard commissions OPV Veera', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Coast Guard (IGC) commissioned new Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) Veera at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. It is third in the series of the new generation OPV. It will help IGC to monitor maritime boundaries more effectively and add to its maritime strength.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">OPV Veera</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been built by Larsen & Toubro (L&T) at its shipbuilding facility at Kattupalli in Chennai.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is 97-meter long and 15-meter wide. It has 3.6 m draft and range of 5,000 nautical miles. It can attain top speed of 26 knots.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is armed with two 12.7 mm heavy machine guns (HMGs) and 30 mm Naval gun with fire control system.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also equipped with integrated bridge system (IBS), integrated platform management system (IPMS) and high power external fire-fighting system. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can carry one twin engine helicopter and four high-speed boats, including two inflatable boats for search and rescue, boarding operation, law enforcement and maritime patrol. </span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'indian-coast-guard-commissions-opv-veera', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0fbf/ujivzzfb40v1tyv6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0fbf/ujivzzfb40v1tyv6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Indian Coast Guard commissions OPV Veera', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Indian Coast Guard, commissions,Offshore Patrol Vessel, OPV Veera, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Coast Guard (IGC) commissioned new Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) Veera at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. It is third in the series of the new generation OPV.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/378wodujnzh3v1a/Indian_Coast_Guard.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 24 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 770, 'title' => 'Marine Lizard: China develops world’s first armed amphibious drone boat', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">China has successfully tested world's first armed drone boat named Marine Lizard. It will be used in land assault operations and is capable of forming a combat triad with aerial drones and other drone ships.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Marine Lizard</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has been built by Wuchang Shipbuilding Industry Group under China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC).</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can be remotely controlled via satellites. It is 12-meter-long and propelled by a diesel-powered hydrojet.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can reach maximum speed of 50 knots while maintaining stealth. It has maximum operation range of 1,200 kms. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can autonomously sail, avoid obstacles and plan routes, On approaching land, it can release four continuous track units hidden under its belly and travel at 20 kms an hour land.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can carry payloads such as electro-optical system and radar system. It is equipped with two machine guns and vertical launching system for anti-ship and anti-aircraft missiles.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It can remain dormant on an uninhabited island for up to eight months before engaging in combat once it receives orders. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is guided by China's BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. It can cooperate with other battle units in sea-land-air integrated command system.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Applications:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It is suitable for island assault operations as swarm of such drone ships could lead attack following first wave of artillery and air strikes. It can discover enemy positions and provide suppressive fire as troops follow. It can also be used for coastal defence.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'china-develops-worlds-first-armed-amphibious-drone-boat', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/fea4/8ypqql8br455pro6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/fea4/8ypqql8br455pro6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'China develops world’s first armed amphibious drone boat', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, China,successfully tested, world's first, armed drone boat, Marine Lizard, land assault operations, combat triad with aerial drones and other drone ships.', 'metadescription' => 'China has successfully tested world's first armed drone boat named Marine Lizard. It will be used in land assault operations and is capable of forming a combat triad with aerial drones and other drone ships.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/e7y0b8scwm4tigl/Marine_Lizard.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 25 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 813, 'title' => 'INS Imphal: Indian Navy launches missile destroyer', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Indian Navy has launched advanced stealth guided missile destroyer <strong>INS Imphal</strong> in water at Mazagon Docks in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is third in series of four stealth guided missile destroyer of Visakhapatnam class built indigenously under Project-15B. It is the first warship to be christened after city in the north-east. It is expected to be commissioned in 2023.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">INS Imphal</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">It was built indigenously by government-run Mazgaon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd. It has been named after Imphal, capital city of Manipur.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">It has displacement of 7,300 tonne with maximum speed of over 30 knots. It has been fitted with multi-mission radar for surveillance purpose along with medium range air and surface surveillance radar and other advanced electronic warfare and decoys. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">It is equipped with surface-to-air missiles, surface-to-surface missiles and anti-submarine rocket launchers. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">It is also capable of carrying two multi role anti-submarine warfare helicopters. It is fitted also with Barak-8 long-range missiles.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Project 15 Bravo (Project 15B) </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">It was sanctioned by Union Government in 2011. Under it four Visakhapatnam class stealth guided missile destroyers are being indigenously developed and built at Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL), Mumabi.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">This class of destroyers are to be largest destroyers to be operated by the Indian Navy. These destroyers are improved version of Kolkata-class (Project 15A) destroyers and have enhanced stealth features.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">The first ship of this project, <strong>INS Visakhapatnam</strong> was launched in April 2015 and is expected to be commissioned in 2021. Second ship <strong>INS Mormugao</strong> was launched in September 2016 and will be commissioned in 2022. Fourth ship <strong>INS Porbandar</strong> is under construction and will be commissioned in 2024.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Missile destroyers of this class are modern warships spanning 163-metre in length and 17.4-metre at beam and have displacement of 7,300-tonne.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">These ships are propelled by four gas turbines to achieve speed in excess of 30 knots. They can also operate two multi-role helicopters each,</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">They also incorporate new design concepts for improved survivability, sea keeping, stealth and manoeuvrability.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">They have enhanced stealth due to unique shape of hull and use of radar transparent deck fitting, which make these ships difficult to detect.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">These ships are packed with array of state-of-the-art weapons and sensors, including multi-functional surveillance radars, vertically launched missile system for long-distance engagement of shore, sea-based and air targets.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Naming Tradition of warships by Indian Navy</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">As per ongoing naming tradition of indigenously-constructed destroyers (which are second only to aircraft carriers in size and combat power), after a state capital or big city e.g. INS Mumbai, INS Delhi, INS Mysore, INS Kolkata, INS Kochi and INS Chennai. Similarly, slightly smaller frigates are named after mountain ranges, rivers or weapons like INS Sahaydri, INS Shivalik and INS Trishul. The smaller corvettes are named after smaller personal weapons like INS Kirpan and INS Khanjar.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'ins-imphal-indian-navy-launches-missile-destroyer', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/3be7/iynp4hcx21iggq96g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/3be7/iynp4hcx21iggq96g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'INS Imphal: Indian Navy launches missile destroyer', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Indian Navym, Launches, stealth guided missile destroyer,INS Imphal, Visakhapatnam class,Pject-15B.', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Navy has launched advanced stealth guided missile destroyer INS Imphal in water at Mazagon Docks in Mumbai, Maharashtra', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/ipwoxs31b7y5wbw/INS_Imphal.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 26 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 816, 'title' => 'Naval Commanders’ Conference to be held in New Delhi', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">The first edition of Naval Commanders’ Conference in 2019 is scheduled to be held at New Delhi from 23 to 25 April 2019. The conference is the apex forum within Service for institutionalised interaction between Naval Commanders and senior Government Officials. It is a biannual conference i.e. it is held twice a year.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">The conference will provide the higher naval leadership a forum to discuss the emerging challenges in the maritime domain. It also assumes greater significance in backdrop of Pulwama associated events that have brought country's defence under sharper focus.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Naval Commanders’ Conference 2019</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Top commanders of Indian Navy will extensively deliberate on emerging challenges facing the country in the maritime domain and review the evolving security dynamics in the region. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Chief of the Naval Staff, with the Commanders-in-Chief, will review major operational, materiel, logistics, Human Resource, training and administrative activities undertaken during the previous six months and deliberate upon the course to be steered in the ensuing six months. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">The themes of conference includes 'Functional Reorganisation of Indian Navy towards improving Operational Efficiency' and 'Optimal Manning' will form the core of discussions.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Moreover, there will be interaction with chiefs of Indian Army and Indian Air Force during conference. It will be utilised to analyse operational environment, deliberate on tri-service synergy and readiness to deter and neutralise threats aimed at the country's sovereignty and territorial integrity.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Significance</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">The Conference assumes greater significance in backdrop of Pulwama associated events. It is expected to fine-tune Indian Navy's strategy for responding to any possible threats. It will discuss overall security challenges in the backdrop of the Pulwama attack and developments thereafter.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'naval-commanders-conference-held-new-delhi', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9c33/112za86dq94j57j6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9c33/112za86dq94j57j6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Naval Commanders’ Conference to be held in New Delhi', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence and Security Current Affairs, first edition, Naval Commanders’ Conference 2019, to be held at New Delhi', 'metadescription' => 'The first edition of Naval Commanders’ Conference in 2019 is scheduled to be held at New Delhi from 23 to 25 April 2019.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/td2se6dlqb6765x/Naval_Commanders%C6.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 27 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 830, 'title' => 'C-441: Indian Coast Guard commissions new vessel', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Indian Coast Guard has commissioned new interceptor vessel IGCS C-441 at Vizhinjam harbour, Thiruvananthapuram. It is seventh interceptor vessel amongst the series designed and built indigenously by L & T Surat.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">IGCS C-441</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has overall length of 27.8 metres, displacement 106 tonnes and maximum speed of 45 knots (83 km/hr),</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is equipped with twin diesel engines, twin water jet propulsion. It has endurance of 500 NM at 25 knots of speed. It also has infrared surveillance.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is fitted with state-of-the-art communication, navigational equipment and with light, medium and heavy automatic machine gun onboard as the main armament.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Operation Capability:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It is capable of operating in shallow waters as well as in deep seas. It can undertake diverse tasks such as close coast surveillance, interdiction, search and rescue and helping boats and crafts in distress at sea. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its induction into the inventory of Indian Coast Guard in Southern Coast of Kerala is expected to enhance the security and safety of coastal area in this region and strengthen coastal security apparatus of the nation.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'indian-coast-guard-commissions-c-441-vessel', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/8fcd/7yut8ydbvt7gdb86g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/8fcd/7yut8ydbvt7gdb86g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'C-441: Indian Coast Guard commissions new vessel', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Indian Coast Guard, commissions, new interceptor vessel, IGCS C-441, Vizhinjam harbour, Thiruvananthapuram.', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Coast Guard has commissioned new interceptor vessel IGCS C-441 at Vizhinjam harbour, Thiruvananthapuram.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/tty6x8q2pmonges/C-441.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 28 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 949, 'title' => 'GRSE to build 8 Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Union Ministry of Defence has awarded Rs. 6,000 crore contract to Kolkata based Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited (GRSE) to build eight Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts (ASWSWCs) for Indian Navy. Under this contract, GRSE will deliver first vessel within 42 months i.e. by October 2022, after that it deliver two more ASWSWCs annually, completing delivery of all eight vessels by April 2026. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">These ASWSWCs will enhance capability of Indian Navyto detect enemy submarines in Arabian Sea, where unusually shallow sea bed reflects sonar signals emitted by submarine hunting vessels. It will remove the gap in masking signals reflected off enemy submarine and sea bed, which was making earlier for Indian Navy difficult to detect submarines.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts (ASWSWC)</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">They will be designed for deep displacement of 750 tonnes. It has speed of 25 knots and complement of 57. </span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The design and construction of these ships will be as per Classification Society Rules and Naval Ship Regulations. They will conform to latest Marine Pollution Standards of International Maritime Organization (IMO) and Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS).</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Features:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> These ASWSWCs will be equipped with highly advanced state-of-the-art integrated platform management systems including Propulsion Machinery, Power Generation, Auxiliary Machinery and Distribution Machinery and Damage Control Machinery, etc.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">They will be also equipped with sophisticated sonar with algorithm that differentiates signals reflected off enemy submarine from those bouncing off the sea bed.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">These vessels will also have ability to sprint fast for short bursts in order to maintain contact with a submarine it detects. </span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">They also have sophisticated data link networks for sharing information about enemy submarines with friendly anti-submarine warships and aircraft.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Functions:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> They will be capable of full-scale sub surface surveillance of coastal waters, search and attack unit (SAU) and Coordinated ASW operations with aircraft. In addition, they also have capability to interdict/ destroy sub surface targets in coastal waters. They can also be deployed for Search and Rescue during day and night in coastal areas. In their secondary role, these are also capable to prosecute intruding aircraft and lay mines in sea bed.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'grse-anti-submarine-warfare-shallow-water-cnirafts', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/b0cc/4vc2u7v4a88s4u26g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/b0cc/4vc2u7v4a88s4u26g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'GRSE to build 8 Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts', 'metakeyword' => ' Ministry of Defence, Rs. 6,000 crore contract ,GRSE, build, eight Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts, ASWSWCs, Indian Navy.', 'metadescription' => 'Union Ministry of Defence has awarded Rs. 6,000 crore contract to Kolkata based Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited (GRSE) to build eight Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts, ASWSWCs, for Indian Navy.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/i2tbkio4rmxscd2/GRSE_to_build.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 29 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 977, 'title' => 'India's military spending up by 3.1%:SIPRI', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">According to SIPRI Military Expenditure Database, India's total military spending increased by 3.1</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">to $66.5 billion in 2018. Whereas, total world military expenditure has rose to $1.8 trillion in 2018, representing an increase of 2.6</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> from 2017.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Key Highlights of SIPRI Military Expenditure Database</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World military expenditure:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It has increased to $1.8 trillion in 2018. It accounted to 2.1</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">% of global gross domestic product (GDP) or $239 per person. This has reached its highest level in 2018 since end of Cold War. This growth is mainly fueled by increased spending by US and China, the world's two biggest economies.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Reason for rise in military expenditure</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">: It is fueled by tensions between countries in Asia as well as between China and US. In 2018, US and China collectively accounted for half of world’s military spending. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Five biggest military spenders in 2018: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">United States, China, Saudi Arabia, India and France. These top five countries together accounted for 60</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> of global military spending.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">United States:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Its military spending grewfor the first time since 2010—by 4.6</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> to reach $649 billion in 2018. It has remained by far largest spender in world and spent almost as much on its military in 2018 as next eight largest-spending countries combined.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">China:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is second-largest spender in world, increased its military expenditure by 5</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> to $250 billion in 2018. It also represented 14</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of world spending. It was 24th consecutive year of increase in Chinese military expenditure and 10 times higher than the amount spent by China in 1994. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Its military spending increased by 3.1</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">to $66.5 billion in 2018. India’s defence budget has remained less than 2</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of the GDP.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Pakistan:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Its military expenditure grew by 11</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">%to reach $11.4 billion in 2018. It is same level of growth as seen in 2017.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) </span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. It was established in 1966 and is based in Stockholm, Sweden. It provides data, analysis and recommendations based on open sources to policymakers, researchers and media etc.</span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'india-military-spending-up-sipri', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1608/4ci4g6a2x93d5xi6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1608/4ci4g6a2x93d5xi6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'India's military spending up by 3.1%:SIPRI | India's military', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, SIPRI Military Expenditure Database, India's, total military spending, increased, 3.1% to $66.5 billion in 2018', 'metadescription' => 'According to SIPRI Military Expenditure Database, India's total military spending increased by 3.1% to $66.5 billion in 2018', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/d22eb0rfa9bwpc8/India%27s_military_spending_up_by_3.1%25.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 30 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1009, 'title' => 'Sri Lanka bans preaching religious, radical ideologies glorifying terrorism', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Government of Sri Lanka has issued orders to ban any person from preaching religious, extremist or radical ideologies that glorify terrorism. It also banned any foreigner from preaching any such ideology and few persons involved in it have been deported. Following the order, peace TV owned by controversial Indian Muslim Cleric Zakir Naik has been banned and taken off the air by all cable and satellite networks. Peace TV channel already is banned in several countries including India. This decision of Sri Lankan government comes as part of series of measure after April 21, 2019 Easter bombings including banning few fundamentalist organizations and ban any form of face covering in public including use of burqa.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Easter bombings</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">On 21 April 2019, Easter Sunday, three Christian churches in Sri Lanka and three luxury hotels in Colombo city were targeted in series of coordinated terrorist suicide bombings. It had killed 253 people (majority are Sri Lankans) including at least 42 foreign nationals. The church bombings were carried out during Easter services in Batticaloa, Negombo and Colombo. The seven of suicide bombers in attacks were citizen of Sri Lanka associated with local militant Islamist group- National Thowheeth Jamaath (NTJ) with suspected foreign ties. It is alleged that these suicide bombers were part of local module of ISIS seeking revenge for New Zealand mosque attack. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL or ISIS) also has claimed responsibility of attack through Amaq News Agency, its propaganda outlet.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'sri-lanka-bans-preaching-religious-radical-ideologies', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ef38/g7nw01ggy1h4plt6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ef38/g7nw01ggy1h4plt6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Sri Lanka bans preaching religious, radical ideologies ', 'metakeyword' => 'In Security Current Affairs, Sri Lanka Government, bans, any person,preaching religious, extremist or radical ideologies, glorify terrorism, Easter Bombings', 'metadescription' => 'Government of Sri Lanka has issued orders to ban any person from preaching religious, extremist or radical ideologies that glorify terrorism', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/ng0hw0zdngzfwnc/Sri_Lanka_bans.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 31 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1011, 'title' => 'INS Ranjit decommissioned from Indian Navy ', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Navy’s front-line missile destroyer INS Ranjit was decommissioned at naval dockyard at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, after serving for 36 years. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">INS Ranjit</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was commissioned in September 1983. It was purchased from Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). It was third of five Kashin-class destroyers.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its motto was 'Sada Rane Jayate' or 'Ever Victorious in Battle'. It was awarded with ‘Unit Citation’ in recognition of her service in 2003-04 and 2009-10.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In its 36 years of service, the ship has served both western and eastern seaboard and has been the flagship of both the western and eastern fleets. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It had undertaken some of key operations such as Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) operations in Sri Lanka and Operation Talwar during Kargil conflict. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In 2003, it was deployed off Mozambique coast to provide security cover to African Union (AU) Summit. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was also actively deployed as part of relief operations post 2004 Tsunami and cyclone Hud-Hud in 2014.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'ins-ranjit-decommissioned-indian-navy ', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/bfae/r9vd729eriy87yn6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/bfae/r9vd729eriy87yn6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'INS Ranjit decommissioned from Indian Navy ', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Indian Navy, front-line missile destroyer, INS Ranjit, decommissioned, naval dockyard, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Navy’s front-line missile destroyer INS Ranjit was decommissioned at naval dockyard at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, after serving for 36 years.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/ahmc66hws10uowc/INS_Ranjit.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 32 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1012, 'title' => 'Defence Ministry approves purchase of 10 Kamov-31 helicopters from Russia ', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) chaired by Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has approved procurement of 10 Kamov Ka-31 Airborne Early Warning and Control helicopters for Indian Navy. The cost of the deal will be around Rs 3,600 crore.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Key Facts</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">These 10 Kamov Ka-31 helicopters will be deployed on aircraft carriers and warships of Indian Navy including the INS Vikrant and Grigorovich-class frigates. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">They will be used to sanitise air space around battle groups led by aircraft carriers while carrying out operations in sea or anti-submarine warfare operations.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Navy already has fleet of 12 of these Kamov-28 choppers which sanitise air space around aircraft carriers and destroyers operating in open seas. They are also used along with the Seaking choppers for the anti-submarine warfare operations. These choppers were procured long back in 1980s. Kamov-31 helocopters are advanced and upgraded version of Kamov-28 helicopters.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'purchase-10-kamov-31-helicopters', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/33a5/7b0ijyaj2s5uhnt6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/33a5/7b0ijyaj2s5uhnt6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Defence Ministry approves purchase of 10 Kamov-31 helicopters', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman,procurement,10 Kamov Ka-31, Airborne Early Warning and Control helicopters,Indian Navy', 'metadescription' => 'Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) chaired by Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has approved procurement of 10 Kamov Ka-31 Airborne Early Warning and Control helicopters for Indian Navy.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/j97l8cwv7v32jgr/Defence_Ministry.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 33 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1027, 'title' => 'INS Vela: Fourth Scorpene class Submarine launched ', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The Indian Navy's fourth stealth Scorpene class Submarine INS Vela of Project 75 was launched at Kanhoji Angre Wet Basin of Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Post this launch, this submarine will go for sea trials and later will be inducted into service of Indian Navy.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">INS Vela</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is diesel-electric attack submarine of Kalvari-class. It is named 'Vela' after earlier submarine, which was lead submarine, of erstwhile Vela class (second batch of Foxtrot class submarines acquired by India from erstwhile USSR in 1970s).</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its state-of-the-art features include superior stealth and ability to launch crippling attack on enemy using precision guided weapon.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It can attack using torpedoes, as well as tube-launched anti-ship missiles, whilst on surface or underwater.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It can operate in all theatres, including the tropics. Its stealth features give it invulnerability and makes difficult for enemy to detect it.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It can undertake multifarious types of missions such as anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare, intelligence gathering, area surveillance, mine laying etc.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Project 75</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Under it, MDL Mumbai is manufacturing six Scorpene submarines under technology transfer from Naval Group of France ($3.75 billion contract signed in 2005).These are next generation diesel submarines built for Indian Navy. Entire project and induction of all submarines is expected to be completed by 2020. These submarines are being built using modular approach in which different sections are built separately and later assembled on pontoon. They are fitted with indigenously developed Air Independent Propulsion System (AIP) technology by DRDO for extended endurance. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Progress of project</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">INS Kalvari was the first modern conventional submarine under this project to be inducted by Indian Navy in December 2017. The remaining submarines in series of this project are in advanced stages of manufacturing, assembling and sea trials. The third in Scorpene series Karanj was launched in January 2019 and is in advanced stage of trials and may be ready for induction by 2019 end. The last two submarines INS Vagir (fifth in series) and INS Vagsheer (sixth in series) are in advanced stages of manufacturing on the assembly line.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'ins-vela-4th-scorpene-class-submarine-launched ', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c866/q5vz3a3ezaw3v6q6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c866/q5vz3a3ezaw3v6q6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'INS Vela: Fourth Scorpene class Submarine launched ', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Indian Navy, fourth, stealth Scorpene class Submarine , NS Vela, Project 75, launched, Kanhoji Angre Wet Basin, Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) in Mumbai, Maharashtra', 'metadescription' => 'ndian Navy's fourth stealth Scorpene class Submarine INS Vela of Project 75 was launched at Kanhoji Angre Wet Basin of Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) in Mumbai, Maharashtra.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/5eaug9w40rej69m/INS_Vela.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 34 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1043, 'title' => 'BRO celebrates its 59th Raising Day', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The 59th Raising Day of India’s nodal road construction agency Border Roads Organisation (BRO) was observed on May 7, 2019.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Border Roads Organisation</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was established on 7 May 2019 as a nodal road construction agency with objective of developing </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">means of communication to remote areas of north and north-east.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Mandate:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is entrusted with development </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">and maintenance of roads in border areas. It also creates up-grades and maintains critical infrastructure along borders to meet India’s overall tactical and strategic goals.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Foreign Countries:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It has also helped to build roads in neighbouring countries such a</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">s Afghanistan, Bhutan, Myanmmar and Tajikistan.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Parent Organisation:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It came under the control Ministry of Defence in 2015 (earlier it was under Ministry of Home Affairs).</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Employees:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is staffed by officers and troops drawn from Indian Army’s Corps of Engineers, Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Army Service Corps, Military Police and army personnel on extra regimental employment.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Engineering Service and personnel from General Reserve Engineer Force (GREF) forms the parent cadre of BRO.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Current Work:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It operates and maintains over 32,885 kilometres of roads and about 12,200 meters of permanent bridges across the country.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'bro-celebrates-59th-raising-day', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/61d3/9t8ya361kxks3r66g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/61d3/9t8ya361kxks3r66g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'BRO celebrates its 59th Raising Day | 59th Raising Day', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, 59th Raising Day, s nodal road construction agency, Border Roads Organisation (BRO),observed, May 7, 2019.', 'metadescription' => 'The 59th Raising Day of India’s nodal road construction agency Border Roads Organisation (BRO) was observed on May 7, 2019.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/2fgxtjtuldf9a8x/BRO_celebrates.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 35 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1070, 'title' => 'Indian Navy participates in ADMM-PLUS MS FTX 2019', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Navy Ships- INS Kolkata and INS Shakti participated in<strong> ADMM-Plus Maritime Security Field Training Exercise (ADMM-PLUS MS FTX 2019)</strong>. It was held in two phases viz. Phase 1- from 3 May 19 off South Korea coast and Phase II- from 9 to 12 May 2019 in South China Sea.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">ADMM-PLUS MS FTX</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">This edition of this multilateral naval exercise involved 19 ships and 10 aircraft with about 700 personnel from 18 ADMM-Plus countries. They conducted series of professional exchanges ashore, as well as maritime security drills in waters off South Korea and Singapore.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Group Sail</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Navy along with navies of US, Philippines and Japan conducted Group Sail in disputed South China Sea. It was their first joint naval exercise. In this group sail, naval ships of these four undertook various exercises en route which included formation manoeuvring, cross-deck flying, under way replenishment runs and exchange of sea riders.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">ASEAN Defense Minister’s Meeting-Plus (ADMM-Plus)</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is only official framework of Defense Minister's meetings in Asia-Pacific Region. It was established in 2010. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is platform for ASEAN and its eight Dialogue Partners to strengthen security and defence cooperation for peace, stability, and development in the region. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Members (10+8): </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">10 ASEAN countries as well as Australia, New Zealand, India, China, United States, Russia, Japan and South Korea (Republic of Korea).</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'indian-navy-admm-plus-ms-ftx-2019', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/6774/brtx3lkrw61tb8q6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/6774/brtx3lkrw61tb8q6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Indian Navy participates in ADMM-PLUS MS FTX 2019', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Indian Navy Ships. INS Kolkata, INS Shakti, ADMM-Plus Maritime Security Field Training Exercise, ADMM-PLUS MS FTX 2019', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Navy Ships- INS Kolkata and INS Shakti participated in ADMM-Plus Maritime Security Field Training Exercise (ADMM-PLUS MS FTX 2019)', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/98h99h83154t31h/Indian_Navy.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 36 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1076, 'title' => 'IAF receives first AH-64E Apache attack helicopter', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The first AH-64E (I)-Apache Guardian helicopter was formally handed over to Indian Air Force (IAF) at Boeing production facility in Mesa, Arizona, United States. IAF had signed a contract with US Government and Boeing in September 2015 for purchasing 22 Apache helicopters. The first batch of these helicopters is scheduled to be shipped to India by July 2019. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Apache Helicopter</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is one of the most advanced multi-role combat helicopters. It has advanced weapons systems and night-fighting features. It is armed with stinger air-to-air missiles, Hellfire Longbow air-to-ground missiles, guns and rockets. It has joint digital operability, cognitive decision-aiding and improved survivability. It has capability to carry out precision attacks at standoff ranges and operate in hostile airspace with threats from ground. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Significance</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The addition of AH-64 E (I) helicopter in IAF is significant step towards modernisation of its helicopter fleet. It has been customized to suit IAF’s future requirements and would have significant capability in mountainous terrain. The ability of this helicopter to transmit and receive battlefield picture, to and from weapon systems through data networking makes it lethal acquisition. This attack helicopter will provide significant edge to Indian armed forces in future joint operations in support of land forces.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'iaf-1st-ah-64e-apache-attack-helicopter', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/bf37/1pl9u4opo23fi416g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/bf37/1pl9u4opo23fi416g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'IAF receives first AH-64E Apache attack helicopter', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, first, AH-64E (I)-Apache Guardian helicopter, formally, handed over, Indian Air Force, IAF, Boeing production facility, Mesa, Arizona, United States', 'metadescription' => 'The first AH-64E (I)-Apache Guardian helicopter was formally handed over to Indian Air Force (IAF) at Boeing production facility in Mesa, Arizona, United States', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/xsagxo64b7641fp/IAF_receives_first.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 37 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1109, 'title' => 'ICGS Vigraha decommissioned', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Coast Guard ship (ICGS) Vigraha was decommissioned at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh after serving Coast Guard for 29 years. It was commissioned into service on April 12, 1990. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">ICGS Vigraha</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was the seventh Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) built by Mazagaon Dock Ltd, Mumbai. It was first of its class among OPVs of third series.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It had played pivotal role in execution of assigned missions in seafronts of Coast Guard Regions of West, North West and East when it was based at Mumbai, Porbandar and Visakhapatnam respectively.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It had participated in major coast guard operations involving search and rescue, pollution response, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, anti-poaching, repatriation and joint exercises among others.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was also on dry lease to Sri Lankan Navy from August 2008 to January 2011. It was re-inducted into Indian Coast Guard (IGC) in January 2019 after which it was based at Visakhapatnam.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'icgs-vigraha-decommissioned', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5143/l6aof6bj5zhiuzu6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5143/l6aof6bj5zhiuzu6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'ICGS Vigraha decommissioned | ICGS Vigraha', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Indian Coast Guard, ICGS Vigraha decommissioned, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, after serving, 29 years', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Coast Guard ship (ICGS) Vigraha decommissioned at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh after serving Coast Guard for 29 years', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/t6uwr1kdmrwkxgo/ICGS_Vigraha.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 38 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1122, 'title' => 'Indian Navy successfully test fired MRSAM', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Navy has successfully test-fired Medium Range Surface to Air Missile (MRSAM) from Indian naval ships (INS) Kochi and Chennai in western Seaboard. With this, Indian Navy has achieved significant milestone in enhancing its Anti Air Warfare Capability with maiden cooperative engagement firing of MRSAM. The test-firing of the missile was carried out jointly by Indian Navy, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Israel Aerospace Industries.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Significance of this test</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">With this Indian Navy has become a part of a select group of Navies across the world that have niche AirWarfare Capability with cooperative engagement firing. This capability significantly enhances Indian Navy’s combat effectiveness thereby providing operational edge over potential adversaries. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About MRSAM</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has been jointly developed by Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL) Hyderabad, a DRDO Lab in collaboration with Israel Aerospace Industries.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has been manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Limited, India. It has been fitted onboard Kolkata Class Destroyers. It will also be fitted on all future major warships of the Indian Navy. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has thrust vector control and dual pulse rocket motor. It has maximum speed of Mach 2 with maximum operational range of 100 km. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It incorporates state-of-the-art phased array multi-mission radar, flexible command and control system, two-way data link, enabling users to simultaneously engage multiple targets day and night and in all weather conditions.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has high degrees of maneuverability at target interception range. It provides broad aerial and point defence against wide range of threats to marine arena from the air, sea or land. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is also designed to defend against variety of short-to-long-range airborne threats, including fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, drones and projectiles.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'indian-navy-test-fires-mrsam', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a521/vbczyacaibrv3hk6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a521/vbczyacaibrv3hk6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Indian Navy successfully test fired MRSAM', 'metakeyword' => 'Indian Navy has successfully test-fired Medium Range Surface to Air Missile (MRSAM) from Indian naval ships (INS) Kochi and Chennai in western Seaboard.', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Navy has successfully test-fired Medium Range Surface to Air Missile (MRSAM) from Indian naval ships (INS) Kochi and Chennai in western Seaboard.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/zhz5us5i54d2qf3/Indian_Navy.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 39 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1181, 'title' => 'IAF tests aerial version of supersonic BrahMos cruise missile', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian AirForce successfully test fired air version of BrahMos missile from its frontline Su-30 MKI fighter aircraft n the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago. This was the second test-firing of the air-launched version (air-to-surface) of BrahMos missile after the first was conducted over Bay of Bengal in November 2017. The launch from aircraft was smooth and missile followed desired trajectory before directly hitting the land target.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Note:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> After first test, IAF became first air force in the world to successfully fire air-launched surface attack cruise missile of this category on sea target.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Air-launched version of BrahMos missile</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The air-to-surface version of this missile will significantly enhance IAF's combat capability. It will enable IAF to strike from large stand-off ranges on any target at sea or on land with pinpoint accuracy by day or night and in all weather conditions.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Integration of BrahMos on Sukhoi-30MKI:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It will give IAF the desired strategic reach and constitutes a deadly weapons package as Sukhoi-30MKI fighter has cruising range of 3,200-km or combat radius of about 1,500-km without mid-air refueling.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">BrahMos Missile</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is joint venture between India and Russia and named after Brahmaputra and Moscowa rivers.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is capable of being launched from land, sea (submarines), sub-sea (ships) and air against surface (land), aerial and sea-based targets.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is two-stage cruise missile, the first being solid and second one ramjet liquid propellant. It is self-propelled guided missile i.e. it can sustain its flight through aerodynamic lift.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is capable of carrying warhead of 300 kgs (both conventional as well as nuclear). It operates on ‘fire and forget principal’ and has strike accuracy rate of 99.99</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">%</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has top supersonic speed of Mach 2.8 to 3 (roughly three times speed of sound), making it world’s fastest anti-ship cruise missile in operation.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its range was initially capped at 290 km under obligations of Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). But, now it has been extended beyond 450 km after India’s entry into MTCR.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its land and sea variants are already operational with Indian Army and Navy and air-launched version is under development.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Army is now inducting 4th BrahMos Regiment, which will be missile’s Block-III version that has steep dive, trajectory manoeuver and top-attack capabilities.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Navy has deployed the BrahMos missiles on over 10 frontline warships.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">IAF, in turn, has inducted two squadrons of land-launch missiles and is waiting for induction of air-launched version.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'iaf-aerial-version-supersonic-brahmos-missile', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4c21/81c1x9zzlvnu2466g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4c21/81c1x9zzlvnu2466g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'IAF tests aerial version of supersonic BrahMos cruise missile', 'metakeyword' => 'IAF tests aerial version of supersonic BrahMos cruise missile', 'metadescription' => 'IAF tests aerial version of supersonic BrahMos cruise missile', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/lts5htoteq4lj01/IAF_tests.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 40 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1184, 'title' => 'Indian Coast Guard, Assam Rifles sign Affiliation Charter', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Assam Rifles and Indian Coast Guard (ICG) have signed an Affiliation Charter in effort to enhance inter armed forces cooperation and utilise each other’s assets for training and sports. It was signed between 3rd (Naga Hills) Battalion of Assam Rifles and Indian Coast Guard Ship ‘Shaurya’. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Affiliation Charter</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its objective is to promote bilateral cooperation between Assam Rifles and ICG in field of exchange of information/personnel, build-up camaraderie for training, sports/adventure and sustainable development. It also seeks to facilitate ‘Sentinels of the North East’ to interact with ‘Sentinels of the Seas’ on professional and social platforms and share rich experiences and best practices. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Benefits:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It will be greatly benefit both forces by motivating one another towards common goals. It will enable Assam Rifles personnel to understand peculiarities of Maritime Service (Indian Coast Guard) and their role in guarding and intercepting anti-national forces and non state actors detrimental to maritime/coastal security. Similarly, it will enable ICG personnel to see and understand operational ethos of the Assam Rifles working along the Indo-Myanmar border. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Assam Rifles </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is the oldest Para Military Force of India. It is under administrative control of Union Home Ministry, but is in operational control of Indian Army. It has total 46 Battalions manning Indo-Myanmar border and countering insurgency in the north eastern states.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">3rd (Naga Hills) Battalion of Assam Rifles is the oldest battalion. It was raised in 1835 as ‘The Cachar Levy’ comprising of 750 personnel of all ranks for guarding Eastern Frontier of Assam from Brahmaputra river to Cachar Hills. It had bravely fought Japanese in World War-II at Kohima, Nagaland and stopped their advance into India. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">ICG </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is one of the youngest Armed Force under Ministry of Defence. It has total 142 ships & 62 aircraft. ICG Ship ‘Shaurya’ is indigenously built at Goa Shipyard Limited. It is a modern state-of-the-art 105 mtrs long Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) commissioned on August 2017. It is based in Chennai. It is extensively used for EEZ surveillance and other duties as enshrined in IGC charter to safeguard the maritime interests of India. </span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'indian-coast-guard-assam-rifles-affiliation-charter', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/cfa3/1856ijja7dzp85p6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/cfa3/1856ijja7dzp85p6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Indian Coast Guard, Assam Rifles sign Affiliation Charter', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Assam Rifles, Indian Coast Guard, sign, Affiliation Charter , enhance, inter armed forces cooperation, utilise each other’s assets for training and sports', 'metadescription' => 'Assam Rifles and Indian Coast Guard (ICG) have signed an Affiliation Charter in effort to enhance inter armed forces cooperation and utilise each other’s assets for training and sports', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/0fhp65dh8x1f3di/Indian_Coast.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 41 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1195, 'title' => 'Shaheen-II : Pakistan successfully test-fires ballistic missile', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Pakistan has successfully test-fired nuclear capable surface-to-surface ballistic missile Shaheen-II in Arabian Sea. The test was aimed at ensuring operational readiness of Pakistan Army’s Strategic Forces Command.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Shaheen-II Missile </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is land-based supersonic surface-to-surface medium-range guided ballistic missile. It is named after a falcon that lives in the mountains of Pakistan.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is suspected to be derivative of Chinese M-18 ballistic missile. It uses a two-stage solid-fuel rocket motor.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is capable of carrying both nuclear as well as conventional warheads. It has range of hitting targets as far as 1,500 kilometers away (major Indian cities come under its range).</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is highly capable missile which fully meets Pakistan’s strategic needs towards maintenance of desired deterrence stability in the region.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'shaheen-2-pakistan-test-fires-ballistic-missile', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e9d5/v7s4qs25qd40bk96g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e9d5/v7s4qs25qd40bk96g.jpghttps://www.mediafire.com/file/n66qn26yw7e2ty9/Shaheen-II.pdf/file', 'metatitle' => 'Shaheen-II : Pakistan successfully test-fires ballistic missile', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Pakistan has successfully test-fired nuclear capable surface-to-surface ballistic missile Shaheen-II in Arabian Sea', 'metadescription' => 'Pakistan has successfully test-fired nuclear capable surface-to-surface ballistic missile Shaheen-II in Arabian Sea', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => '', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 42 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1204, 'title' => 'DRDO test fires indigenous inertially-guided bomb', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully test fired an indigenously-developed 500 kg inertially-guided bomb at Pokhran test firing range in Rajasthan. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The bomb hit its target at 30 km with high precision after it was released from Su-30 MKI Aircraft. </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The test comes after DRDO recently successfully conducted flight test of ABHYAS - High-speed Expendable Aerial Target (HEAT) from a test range in Odisha.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO)</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is India's premier organization for research related to country’s defence technology. It is under administrative control if Ministry of Defence.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is largest and most diverse research organization in India. It was established in 1958 and it is headquartered New Delhi.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Motto:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> "Strength's Origin is in Science".</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Network:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It has network of 52 laboratories engaged in developing defence technologies covering various fields, like aeronautics, armaments, electronics, land combat engineering, life sciences, materials, missiles, and naval systems etc.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Functions:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is charged with defence research and development. It also advises government on scientific aspects of military equipment and equipment, research, design and development plans.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Major Projects:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It has undertaken several major projects for development of missiles, armaments, light combat aircrafts, radars, electronic warfare systems etc.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Achievements:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It has indigenously developed many advanced defense systems. It has acquired expertise in a broad spectrum of defense technologies.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'drdo-inertially-guided-bomb', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a963/uaedl7f9isubl0h6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a963/uaedl7f9isubl0h6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'DRDO test fires indigenous inertially-guided bomb', 'metakeyword' => 'DRDO test fires indigenous inertially-guided bomb', 'metadescription' => 'DRDO test fires indigenous inertially-guided bomb, DRDO successfully test fired an indigenously-developed 500 kg inertially-guided bomb at Pokhran test firing range in Rajasthan', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/1gy8dl2hj4d337f/DRDO_test.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 43 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1205, 'title' => 'IAF's AN-32 fleet allowed to use blended aviation fuel', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The Russian origin AN-32 aircraft of Indian Air Force (IAF) were formally fleet certified to fly on blended aviation fuel, containing up to 10</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">indigenous bio-jet fuel. The approval certificate was received from Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">This bio-aviation fuel is made from Jatropha oil sourced from Chattisgarh Biodiesel Development Authority (CBDA) and then processed at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (CSIR-IIP), Dehradun. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The recent certification is huge step in promoting ‘Make in India’ mission as this bio-fuel will be produced from Tree Borne Oils (TBOs) sourced from tribal areas and farmers, augmenting their income substantially. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The indigenous bio-jet fuel was first produced by CSIR-IIP lab at Dehradun, Uttarakhand in 2013, but could not be tested or certified for commercial use on aircraft due to lack of test facilities in the civil aviation sector. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In July, 2018, Chief of Air Staff Air formally had announced IAF’s intention to permit use of all its resources for testing and certifying the indigenous fuel. Since then, IAF has undertaken series of tests for evaluating the performance of this fuel against international standards. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Jatropha </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is drought-resistant perennial plant that can grow in marginal or poor soil. It grows quickly and can produce seeds for 50 years. In India, it is found in many parts, especially in rugged terrain and can survive with minimum inputs and easy to propagate/</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It seeds contain 37</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">oil which be combusted as fuel without being refined. It burns with clear smoke-free flame. Its oil already has been tested successfully as fuel for simple diesel engine. Its oil also acts as insecticide. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The by-products of its seeds like press cake is good organic fertilizer. It also has medicinal properties and is used for diseases like snakebite, paralysis, cancer, piles, dropsy etc</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (CSIR-IIP)</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is a laboratory of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR). It is based in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. It was established in 1960. It undertakes research and developmentwork in downstream sector of hydrocarbon i.e. areas of petroleum refining, natural gas, alternative fuels, petrochemicals utilization of petroleum products etc. </span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'iaf-an-32-fleet-allowed-use-blended-aviation-fuel', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c9ad/7f4sqz7cwm25eld6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c9ad/7f4sqz7cwm25eld6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'IAF's AN-32 fleet allowed to use blended aviation fuel', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Russian origin, AN-32 aircraft, Indian Air Force, IAF, formally ,fleet certified, fly, blended aviation fuel, containing up to 10% indigenous bio-jet fuel. ', 'metadescription' => ' Russian origin AN-32 aircraft of Indian Air Force (IAF) were formally fleet certified to fly on blended aviation fuel, containing up to 10% indigenous bio-jet fuel. ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/zozini129ldd5pb/IAF%27s_AN-32.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 44 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1228, 'title' => 'DRDO successfully test fires Akash-1S missile', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully test fired Akash-1S surface to air defence missile system. It is new version of Akash surface to air defence missile system with new indigenously-developed seeker which has combination of both command guidance and active terminal seeker guidance. It was test-fired in Balasore off the Odisha coast. It was second successful test of missile in last two days as successful test was done by DRDO.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Akash missile </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is medium range <strong>Surface to Air Missile</strong> with multi-target engagement capability. It was developed as part of <strong>Integrated Guided-Missile Development Programme (IGMDP)</strong> other than Nag, Agni, Trishul, and Prithvi missiles. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Features:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is supersonic missile having range of around 25 km to 30 km and up to altitude of 18,000m. It uses high-energy solid propellant for booster and ramjet-rocket propulsion for sustainer phase. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is highly mobile and is guided by phased array fire control radar called 'Rajendra' which is termed as Battery Level Radar (BLR) with tracking range of about 60 km.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Capability:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It can neutralise aerial targets such as fighter jets, cruise missiles and air-to-surface missiles as well as ballistic missiles.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Variants:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Several of its variants are Akash-1S, Akash MK1, Akash-MK2 which have improved accuracy and higher. These variants are under development by DRDO. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Akash-1S is capable of striking down enemy fighter jets and drones very accurately and effectively.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Induction:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> This missile system was formally inducted into Indian Air Force (IAF) in July 2015, and in Indian Army in May 2015. In September 2016, Defence Acquisition Council had cleared seven additional squadrons of the missile for IAF.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'drdo-test-fires-akash-1s-missile', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ed47/nswxz1v74prf0rs6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ed47/nswxz1v74prf0rs6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'DRDO successfully test fires Akash-1S missile', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, DRDO, successfully, test fired, Akash-1S, surface to air defence, missile system', 'metadescription' => 'DRDO) successfully test fired Akash-1S surface to air defence missile system', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/h82a6mhgbg6wsch/DRDO_successfully_test.2.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 45 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1339, 'title' => 'Anti-ship version of BrahMos missile successfully test fired', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">An Anti-ship version of supersonic cruise missile BrahMos was successfully test fired from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur in Odisha. The test was conducted by Defence Research and Development (DRDO). It was launched from complex-3 of the ITR, </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About BrahMos Missile</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is joint venture between India (DRDO) and Russia (NIPOM). It is named after India’s Brahmaputra and Russia’s Moscowa rivers.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is two-stage cruise missile, the first being solid and second one ramjet liquid propellant. It is self-propelled guided missile i.e. it can sustain its flight through aerodynamic lift.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is capable of being launched from land, sea (submarines), sub-sea (ships) and air against surface (land), aerial and sea-based targets.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It can carry warhead of 300 kgs (both conventional as well as nuclear). It operates on ‘fire and forget principal’ and has strike accuracy rate of 99.99%.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has top supersonic speed of Mach 2.8 to 3 (roughly three times speed of sound), making it world’s fastest anti-ship cruise missile in operation.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its range was initially capped at 290 km under obligations of Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). But, now it has been extended beyond 450 km after India’s entry into MTCR.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its land and sea variants are already operational with Indian Army, Air Force and Navy and air-launched version is under development for Indian Air Force.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'anti-ship-version-brahmos-missile-test-fired', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a1fd/dhfick7gcq3lo1e6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a1fd/dhfick7gcq3lo1e6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Anti-ship version of BrahMos missile successfully test fired', 'metakeyword' => 'In Defence Current Affairs, Anti-ship version, supersonic cruise missile, BrahMos Missile, successfully test fired,Integrated Test Range, Chandipur, Odisha', 'metadescription' => 'An Anti-ship version of supersonic cruise missile BrahMos was successfully test fired from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur in Odisha', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/qnvye6c6m5qn7v5/Anti-ship.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 46 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1393, 'title' => 'IAF inks deal to procure SPICE 2000 bombs from Israel', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Air Force (IAF) has signed deal with Israel’s Rafael Advanced Defense Systems to procure batch of advance bunker buster version of SPICE 2000 guided bombs at cost of Rs 300 crores. The order for bombs has been placed under special financial powers given to armed forces by the government for emergency purchases. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">SPICE 2000 Guided Bombs</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is Israeli-developed, EO/GPS-guided guidance kit for converting air-droppable unguided bombs into precision guided bombs. SPICE stands for Smart, Precise Impact, Cost-Effective. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is meant for 1,000kg bombs. It has glide range of around 60km. It is also difficult to detect by most ground-based radars. It can overcome errors in locating target, GPS jamming and reduces collateral damage. It is currently biggest conventional bomb that can be delivered by the IAF.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Balakot air strike & SPICE 2000 guided bombs</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">IAF had used SPICE bombs most recently in its preemptive non-military strikes on terrorist group Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) training camp located in Jaba hilltop site in the vicinity of Balakot, deep inside in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan on February 26, 2019 by crossing international border. This strike on the JeM camp was conducted 12 days after terror group had claimed responsibility for suicide attack on CRPF convoy in Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir in which 40 soldiers were killed. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Special Financial Powers</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Following the Pulwama attack, Union Government had granted emergency powers to three services to procure weapons and military hardware to enhance their operational preparedness along border with Pakistan. Government also relaxed certain rules to cut delays in military purchase like allowing the three services to procure required weapons and equipment from a single vendor.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'iaf-deal-procure-spice-2000-bombs-israel', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/84d0/bcvmnnt7b947bjk6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/84d0/bcvmnnt7b947bjk6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'IAF inks deal to procure SPICE 2000 bombs from Israel', 'metakeyword' => 'Indian Air Force (IAF) has signed deal with Israel’s Rafael Advanced Defense Systems to procure batch of SPICE 2000 guided bombs at cost of Rs 300 crores', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Air Force (IAF) has signed deal with Israel’s Rafael Advanced Defense Systems to procure batch of SPICE 2000 guided bombs at cost of Rs 300 crores', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/22yc7ezq260xs18/IAF_inks_deal.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 47 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1414, 'title' => 'India to buy NASAMS-II air defence system from US', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India will soon buy NASAMS-II (National Advanced Surface to Air Missile System-II) air defence system from United States. It will offer integrated air and missile defence systems and will be used along with indigenous, Russian (S-400 Triumf) and Israeli systems for creating multi-layered missile shield over National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) against aerial threats ranging from drones to ballistic missiles.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">US is likely to send final draft of letter of acceptance for sale of NASAMS-II to India by July-August. This deal is likely to cost India Rs 6,000 crore or almost $1 billion. Once it is signed, deliveries will take place in two to four years.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About NASAMS-II Air Defence system</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is upgraded version of NASAMS developed by Raytheon in partnership with KONGSBERG Defence and Aerospace of Norway. It has been operational since 2007. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has new 12 missile launchers coupled with 3D mobile surveillance radars for quicker reaction. It is highly adaptable mid-range solution for any operational air defence requirement. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It provides tailorable, state-of-the-art defence system by enhancing ability to quickly identify, engage and destroy current and evolving enemy aircraft, emerging cruise missile threats or UAVs. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It incorporates 3D Sentinel radars, short and medium-range missiles, fire-distribution centers, launchers and command-and-control units to quickly detect, track and shoot down multiple airborne threats.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is currently used as part of US’s air defence network for guarding capital city Washington DC. It also has been deployed in several NATO countries.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Significance for India</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will help India to protect air route also to prevent 9/11-kind of attacks. It will also complement India’s other systems such as medium and long-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems under procurement. With this, India will join selected league of nations including US, Israel and Russia etc. having their own missile defence systems to protect their national capitals. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India’s Multi-tiered air defence network</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">NASAMS will be combination of different weapons like surface-to-air missiles, gun systems and AIM-120C-7 AMRAAMs (advanced medium-range air-to-air missiles). It will serve as innermost layer of air defence. The second layer will be protected by mobile S-400 systems purchased from Russia. The outermost layer will be protected by DRDO-developed ballistic missile defence system. The outermost layer will be protected by Barak-8 medium-range surface-to-air missile systems, jointly developed by the DRDO and Israeli Aerospace Industries.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'india-buy-nasas-ii-air-defence-system-from-us', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d75d/k3f30ss3ibu5h646g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d75d/k3f30ss3ibu5h646g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'India to buy NASAMS-II air defence system from US', 'metakeyword' => 'India to NASAMS-IIair defence system from United States. It will offer integrated air and missile defence systems', 'metadescription' => 'India to NASAMS-IIair defence system from United States. It will offer integrated air and missile defence systems', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/kyla83nqyw3a9ta/India_to_buy.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 48 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1452, 'title' => 'Varunastra: Indian Navy inks contract with BDL for torpedoes', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) has signed contract worth of $US 17 million (Rs 1.190 crore) for supply of Indigenously-built heavyweight anti-submarine torpedoes- Varunastra - to Indian Navy. The execution of this contract will be over the next 42 months. Under it, torpedoes will be manufactured at BDL Visakhapatnam Unit under collaboration with Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Varunastra</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is a ship launched, electrically propelled underwater Heavy Weight Torpedo. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has been indigenously developed by Naval Science and Technology Laboratory (NTSL), Visakhapatnam and Bharat Dynamics Limited -BDL (Hyderabad). </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has almost 95% indigenous content. It is equipped with one of the most advanced automatic and remote-controlled guidance systems. It uses its own intelligence in tracing the target. It can hit stealth submarines underwater.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Unique Features:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is seven to eight metres long, weighs 1,500 kg and has diameter of 533 mm. On firing, it can travel at 40 knots (74 kmph). </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has operational range of 40 km. It can carry a warhead weighing 250 kg. It has GPS-based locating aid which is unique feature in contemporary torpedoes in the world.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has advanced autonomous guidance algorithms with low drift navigational aids and insensitive warheads, giving it operational capability in various combat scenarios.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It has integrated instrumentation system for recording its all dynamic parameters in case of emergency shut down or malfunction.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Attack Capability:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is capable of targeting stealthy and quiet submarines, both in deep and littoral waters in intense counter-measure environment. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Induction:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It was inducted in Indian Navy in June 2016.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">What is Torpedo?</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is a self-propelled weapon with explosive warhead. It is launched above or below water surface and propelled underwater towards a target. It is designed to detonate either in proximity to its target or on contact with its target.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'varunastra-indian-navy-contract-bdl-torpedoes', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1d90/bj5jjdma989eib86g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1d90/bj5jjdma989eib86g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Varunastra: Indian Navy inks contract with BDL for torpedoes', 'metakeyword' => 'Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) has signed contract worth of $US 17 million (Rs 1.190 crore) for supply of Indigenously-built heavyweight anti-submarine torpedoes- Varunastra - to Indian Navy', 'metadescription' => 'Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) has signed contract worth of $US 17 million (Rs 1.190 crore) for supply of Indigenously-built heavyweight anti-submarine torpedoes- Varunastra - to Indian Navy', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/d7atco1bwzsv883/Varunastra.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 49 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1496, 'title' => 'Indian Navy launches Operation Sankalp in Gulf of Oman', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian Navy launched Operation Sankalp in Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to reassure Indian flagged vessels transiting through the area following the recent maritime incidents in the region. Purpose of this opertation is to re-assure Indian Flagged Vessels operating/transiting through Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, following the maritime security incidents in the region.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Operation Sankalp</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Under it, Indian Navy has deployed INS Chennai and INS Sunayna in the region to undertake maritime security operations. In addition, aerial surveillance in area is also being done by Indian Navy aircraft. Besides, Gurugram based <strong>Information Fusion Centre - Indian Ocean Region of Indian Navy</strong> is also keeping close watch on the movement of ships in the Gulf region.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Significane:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> This shows that Indian Navy remains committed to ensuring safety of Indian maritime trade and merchant vessels operating in region and contributing towards maintaining stable and peaceful Indian Ocean Region (IOR),</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India's strategic and security interests are closely linked to IOR as its energy security is closely linked to safety and security of ships while operating and transiting in Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf (this region accounts for 55</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of India’s oil imports). Operation Sankalp was launched in wake of escalating tension in Gulf of Oman, where two oil tankers were attacked last week. The incident has since heightened tensions between Iran and United States. It remains unclear who was responsible forattacks but US has put the blame on Iran, which, in turn, has denied the allegations. As a precautionary measure, Director General, Shipping also has issued two advisories to all Indian-flagged vessels operating in Strait of Hormuz and Persian, Arabian Gulf Region, advising ships to undertake appropriate protection measures.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'indian-navy-operation-sankalp-gulf-oman', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c2ee/xstov0toudc12bn6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c2ee/xstov0toudc12bn6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Indian Navy launches Operation Sankalp in Gulf of Oman', 'metakeyword' => 'Indian Navy launched Operation Sankalp in Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to reassure Indian flagged vessels transiting through the area following the recent maritime incidents in the region', 'metadescription' => 'Indian Navy launched Operation Sankalp in Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to reassure Indian flagged vessels transiting through the area following the recent maritime incidents in the region', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/gqyfj37tq1d9ji7/Indian_Navy.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 50 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Defence & Security', 'keyword' => 'defence-security', 'id' => (int) 1497, 'title' => 'Government issues EoI for six P 75(i) Submarines for Indian Navy', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Union Ministry of Defence has issued Expression of Interest (EoI) for shortlisting of potential Indian Strategic Partners (SPs) for “Construction of six Conventional Submarines” for P-75(I) Project of the Indian Navy. The project cost is about Rs 45,000 Crores. It will be second project being undertaken under the latest Strategic Partnership (SP) Model, first being the procurement of 111 Naval Utility Helicopters (NUH). </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Selection Process</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">All six submarines under this project will be built in India byselected Indian Strategic Partner (SP) in collaboration with selected Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). In addition, Indian Navy also has option to manufacture six more submarines under the project</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian companies will be shortlisted based on their capability for integration of system of systems, expertise in shipbuilding domain and financial strength. The OEMs will be shortlisted primarily based on their submarine design meeting Indian Navy’s Qualitative Requirements and qualifying Transfer of Technology and Indigenous Content (IC) criteria.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Signifiance of this project</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will provide major boost to indigenous design and construction capability of submarines in India and help in bringing in latest submarine design and technologies.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will aid in boosting core submarine/ship building industry and also greatly enhance industrial/manufacturing sector, especially the MSMEs by development of industrial eco-system for manufacture of associated systems/equipment/spares related to submarines.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will progressively help to build indigenous capabilities in private sector to design, develop and manufacture complex weapon systems for future needs of Armed Forces. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is important step towards meeting broader national objectives, encouraging self reliance and aligning the defence sector with ‘Make in India’ initiative of Government.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Project-75 India </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is follow-on of Project 75 Kalvari-class or Scorpene class submarines for Indian Navy. Under it, Indian Navy intends to acquire 6 new-generation conventional stealth submarines. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">These submarines will be constructed in Indian shipyards under strategic partnership model between foreign vendor and its Indian partner.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size