Tag Wise Current Affairs
Tag: Days & Dates
February 11: International Day of Women and Girls in Science
Tags: Days & Dates
Published on: 12 February 2019
International Convention on World Homoeopathy Day held in New Delhi
Tags: Days & Dates
Published on: 09 April 2019
24 April: International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace
Tags: Days & Dates
Published on: 24 April 2019
World Telecommunication and Information Society Day: May 17
Tags: Days & Dates
Published on: 17 May 2019
UGC directs universities to observe May 21 as Anti-Terrorism day
Tags: Days & Dates
Published on: 21 May 2019
World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development : May 21
Tags: Days & Dates
Published on: 21 May 2019
International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression: June 5
Tags: Days & Dates
Published on: 04 June 2019
International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking: June 26
Tags: Days & Dates
Published on: 27 June 2019
Micro-Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Day (MSME) Day: June 27
Tags: Days & Dates
Published on: 28 June 2019
Prime Minister launches nation-wide “Fit India Movement”
Tags: Days & Dates
Published on: 30 August 2019
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">International Day of Women and Girls in Science is observed every year on February 11 to promote gender equality and encourage girls and women to pursue careers in science and research. The theme for year 2019 is <strong>"Investment in Women and Girls in Science for Inclusive Green Growth".</strong></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Celebration of this day is led by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and UN-Women, in collaboration with institutions and civil society partners that promote women and girls' access to and participation in science.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Gender Gap in STEM</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Significant gender gap persists in all levels of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) disciplines all over the world.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">At present, less than 30% of researchers worldwide are women. According to UNESCO data (2014-16), only around 30% of all female students select STEM-related fields in higher education. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Globally, female students’ enrolment is particularly low in scientific research fields. Long-standing biases and gender stereotypes are steering girls and women away from science related fields.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Gender equality has always been a core issue for UN. Gender equality and empowerment of women and girls will make crucial contribution in economic development of world and also progress across all goals and targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs).</span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">International Day of Women and Girls in Science observed on 11 February was instituted by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) by adopting resolution A/RES/70/212 in December 2015 to recognize critical role played by women and girls in science and technology. Purpose of instituting this day was to achieve full and equal access to and participation in science for women and girls, and further achieve gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls.</span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">What is Circular economy?</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It follows principle of preservation and enhancement of natural capital by controlling finite stocks and balancing renewable resource flows. It is aimed at minimising waste and making most of resources.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It is alternative to traditional linear economy (make, use, dispose). In it, resources are used for as long as possible, maximum value is extracted from them and at the end of their service life, its products and materials are recovered and regenerated.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It works by extending product life span through improved design and servicing and relocating waste from end of supply chain to beginning – in effect, using resources more efficiently by using them over and over. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It presents opportunity for long term economic prospects and regeneration of materials. It has potential to increase productivity and create jobs, reduce carbon emissions and preserve valuable raw materials. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">National Productivity Council (NPC)</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It national level autonomous organization under Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (earlier DIPP), Ministry of Commerce & Industry to promote productivity culture in India. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It was established as registered society in February 1958 by Central Government as mission oriented apex organization to stimulate and promote cause of productivity in all sectors of the Indian economy.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It is tri-partite non-profit organization (NGO) with equal representation from government, employers and workers’ organizations. It is headquartered in New Delhi.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It also has representatives from professional and technical institutions including members from local productivity councils and chamber of commerce on its Governing Body. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It is constituent of Tokyo based Asian Productivity Organization (APO), an inter-governmental body of which India is founder member and also implements productivity promotion schemes of Government.</span></span></span></li>
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'title' => 'April 2019-March 2020: Construction-Technology year',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared 'April 2019-March 2020' as Construction-Technology year in a bid to increase use of modern technology in the construction sector. He made this announcement after inaugurated of Construction Technology India-2019 Expo-cum-conference in New Delhi</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Construction-Technology year (April 2019-March 2020)</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It seeks to give emphasises to the important role of advanced technology to meet the increasing demand for housing in the country caused by rapid urbanization.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It also aims to give housing sector new pace by using latest technologies available in the world. This in long run will lead to integration of modern technology in housing and construction sector which make it more dynamic and vibrant.</span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">PM Modi also launched </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">GHTC-India mobile application: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is interactive platform for all stakeholders for exchange of knowledge on innovation and alternative housing technologies. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">3rd edition of Vulnerability Atlas of India: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is collation of the existing hazard scenario of the entire country.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Construction Technology India-2019</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was aimed at identifying innovative and globally established technologies that can be used in the Indian context. It was organised by Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It provided common platform to developers, academia, technology providers, researchers etc.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Technologies identified during this event will be invited to design and build lighthouse projects of around one thousand affordable housing units each in seven states viz. Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India is among the few countries where demand for houses is increasing at rapid pace due to urbanization. Government has given major thrust on affordable housing to meet growing housing demand and also has brought changes in laws governing real estate sector. Government is implementing programmes such as Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana, National Urban Livelihoods Mission, HRIDAY, AMRUT and Smart Cities to facilitate urgent needs of country's fast urbanization.</span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">National Science Day is observed every year in India on 28th February with an objective to spread message of importance of science and its application among the people. This year theme of National Science Day is ‘<em>Science for people and people for science’</em>.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance of Day</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is observed to mark discovery of Raman effect (inelastic scattering of light) by Physicist CV Raman on 28th February, 1928. For this discovery, he was awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 (second Indian after Rabindranath Tagore, who was awarded Nobel Prize in Literature in 1930). </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">National Science Day</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was instituted by Central Government in 1986 based on demand of National Council for Science and Technology Communication. It was observed for first time on 28 February 1987. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Purpose:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> (i) Spread message about importance of science used in daily life of people and popularise science and technology. (ii) Provide opportunity to scientific-minded citizens in country to showcase their work in organized shows. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Raman effect </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is change in wavelength of light that occurs when light beam is deflected by molecules after passing through transparent medium. The wavelength of these scattered rays is different from that of incident rays of light. It is caused by inelastic scattering of photon (with energy proportional to frequency) by molecules which are excited to higher vibrational or rotational energy levels. It forms basis for Raman spectroscopy which is used by chemists and physicists to gain information about materials. </span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'February 21: International Mother Language Day',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The International Mother Language Day (IMLD) is observed every year across the world on 21 February to promote awareness of linguistic, multilingualism and cultural diversity. This year it is 19th anniversary of IMLD. Theme for year 2019 is “<strong><em>Indigenous languages matter for development, peace building and reconciliation</em></strong>”.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance of day: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It highlights importance of mother language as the greatest weapon to express one’s feeling. Mother Language of particular country is sign of independence of that country. It reminds us about words that connect us, empower us and help us communicate our feelings to others.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">There are 7,000 languages in the world. According to Census 2001, India alone has about 22 officially recognised languages, 1635 rationalised mother tongues, 234 identifiable mother tongues. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">International Mother Language Day was first observed in 1999 by UNESCO. It was officially instituted by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) by passing resolution 61/266 in 2007 to promote preservation and protection of all languages used by peoples of the world. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Since 2007, this day is observed annually by member states to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The idea to celebrate this was initiative of Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, 21 February is the anniversary of the day when Bangladeshis fought for recognition for Bangla language.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Bangladesh’s Language Movement</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">On this day in 1952, scores of people (activists), mostly students and teachers of the Dhaka University, were mercilessly shot down by the Pakistani army in erstwhile East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The activists had protested against imposition of Urdu as national language by side-stepping Bengali – their mother tongue. This protest came to be known as Language Movement.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => '7th March 2019 celebrated as Janaushadhi Diwas ',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Union Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers has decided to celebrate 7th March 2019 as <strong>Janaushadhi Diwas </strong>across the country. Observance of this day aims at providing further impetus and create awareness about use of generic medicines provided under Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP). It also seeks to highlight initiatives undertaken by Government in direction of making quality healthcare affordable for all like Ayushman Bharat, Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) etc. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It aims to make available high-quality medicines to all at affordable prices, especially to poor and underprivileged in order to reduce out of pocket expenses in healthcare.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It makes quality drugs available at affordable prices through special kendras known as Jan Aushadhi Medical store. Government aims to have atleast one such Kendra in each block of the country by 2020.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These are dedicated stores for selling generic medicines, which are available at lesser prices but are equivalent in quality and efficacy as expensive branded drugs.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Objectives:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> (i) Promote greater awareness about cost effective genric drugs and their prescription. (ii) Make available unbranded quality generic medicines at affordable prices through public-private partnership (PPP) (iii) Encourage doctors, more specifically in government hospital to prescribe generic medicines. (iv) Enable substantial savings in health care, especially in case of poor patients and those suffering from chronic ailments requiring long periods of drug use. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Implementation:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It is implanted by Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP), Union Ministry of Fertilizers and Chemicals. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">DoP has established </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Bureau of Pharma Public Sector Undertakings of India (BPPI) with support of all CPSUs for co-coordinating procurement, supply and marketing of generic drugs under this scheme.</span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Performance of Scheme</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Over 5050 Janaushadhi stores functional across 652 districts in the country. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Around 10-15 lakh people have benefited from generic medicines per day.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Market share of generic medicines has grown over three fold from 2% to 7% in last 3 years. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has played big role in bringing down the out of pocket expenditure of patients suffering from life threatening diseases in India. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has led to total savings of approximately Rs.1000 crores for common citizens, as these medicines are cheaper by 50% to 90% of average market price.</span></span></span></li>
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'title' => '8 March: International Women's Day',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">International Women's Day is observed every year across world on March 8 to highlight achievements of women while calling for greater gender equality. It aims to empower women in all settings (rural and urban) and celebrate work of individuals and organisations that constantly to assert women’s rights and realise their full potential. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme for year 2019 is ‘<strong><em>Think equal, build smart, innovate for change’</em></strong>. It focuses on innovative ways to advance gender equality and empower women, particularly in areas of social protection, access to public services and sustainable infrastructure.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This day also provide opportunity to achieve <strong>goal 4</strong> (ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning) and <strong>goal 5</strong> (achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls) of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">International Women's Day (IWD) </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was proclaimed by United Nations during International Women’s Year 1975. It was officially announced through UN General Assembly (UNGA) resolution adopted in 1977 which declared March 8 as United Nations Day for Women’s Rights and International Peace.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Note:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Charter of the United Nations, signed in 1945, was first international agreement to affirm principle of equality between women and men. Since then, UN has created historic legacy of internationally-agreed strategies, standards, programmes and goals to advance the status of women worldwide.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action: It is </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">historic roadmap signed by 189 governments, envisions world where each woman and girl can exercise her choices, such as participating in politics, getting education, having income, and living in societies free from violence and discrimination. It focuses on 12 critical areas of concern.</span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'World Sparrow Day observed on 20 March',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The world sparrow day (WSD) is observed every year on March 20 to raise awareness of house sparrow and other common birds in urban environments and educated people about threats to their populations. Observance of this say seeks to provide platform to underscore need to conserve sparrows as well as the urban biodiversity. The theme of 2019 WSD is “I love sparrows”. It hopes that more and more people celebrate the relationship between People And Sparrows.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Declining Population </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The sparrow, especially common house sparrow is one of oldest companions of human beings. In last few years its population is declining for various reasons such as destruction of its habitat, lack of insect food for young and increasing microwave pollution from mobile phone towers. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World sparrow day (WSD)</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is international initiative of Nature Forever Society of India (NFSI), Eco-Sys Action Foundation (France) and also numerous other national and international organisations across the world. The first WSD was organised in 2010 across different parts of the world.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In 2012, Delhi Government had launched campaign “Rise of Sparrows” aimed at conservation of House Sparrow. It was also declared as ‘state bird’ of Delhi for its conservation.</span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'International Day of Forests observed on 21 March',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The International Day of Forests is observed annually on 21 March to raise awareness of importance of forests to people. It also seeks to highlight vital role played by forests in poverty eradication, environmental sustainability and food security. The theme for year 2019 is “<strong><em>Forests and Education</em></strong>”. It seeks to raise awareness on how sustainably managed forests provide wide array of contributions in this area. It will also provide opportunity to highlight specific forest contributions to 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Sustainable Development Goals).</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">International Day of Forests was proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) by adopting resolution A/RES/67/200 in November 2012. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The resolution encourages all Member States to organize activities for creating awareness relating to all types of forests.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The first International Day of Forests was observed on 21 March 2013 and since then it is observed annually.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme for each International Day of Forests is chosen by <strong><em>Collaborative Partnership on Forests.</em></strong></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF) </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is informal, voluntary arrangement among 14 international organizations and secretariats with substantial programmes on forests. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was established in April 2001. It is chaired by Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and is serviced by the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) Secretariat.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It aims to promote sustainable management of all types of forests and to strengthen long-term political commitment to this end. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its objectives are to support work of UNFF and its member countries and to enhance cooperation and coordination on forest issues.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It provides common platform to its member organisations to streamline and align their work and to find ways of improving forest management and conservation and the production and trade of forest products.</span></span></span></li>
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'title' => 'World Water Day observed on March 22',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The World Water Day (WWD) is observed on 22 March every year to spread message of preservation and rationaal consumption of water. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme for WWD 2019 is ‘<em>Leaving no one behind’</em>. It aims to encourages people to consider marginalized groups as these are often overlooked and discriminated against when they try to access safe water. It is according to central promise of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Importance of Day</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is annual United Nations observance day that highlights importance of freshwater. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also used to advocate for sustainable management of freshwater resources.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It seeks to highlight importance of universal access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities in developing countries. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Water Day was formally proclaimed in Agenda 21 of United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Later, UN General Assembly (UNGA) accepted recommendation of UNCED and established this day by adopting resolution A/RES/47/193 in December 1992. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The first WWD was celebrated in 1993. Since then, it is observed annually to draw attention on the importance of freshwater and its sustainable management.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">United Nations-Water (UN-Water) is convener for World Water Day and every year selects new theme in consultation with UN organizations that share an interest in that year's focus.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">UN-Water coordinates efforts of various United Nations entities and international organizations working on water and sanitation issues.</span></span></span></li>
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'title' => 'World TB day observed on 24 March',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Tuberculosis Day (WTD) is observed annually on March 24 to raise public awareness about global epidemic of Tuberculosis (TB) and its devastating health, social and economic consequences and higlight efforts to eliminate the disease. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance of day</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It commemorates discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacillus (bacteria) causing TB on 24th March, 1882 by German microbiologist Robert Koch. This opened way towards diagnosing and curing TB. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme of 2019 World TB Day is ‘<strong>It’s time’</strong>. It seeks to put accent on urgency to act on commitments made by global leaders to scale up access to prevention and treatment, ensure sufficient and sustainable financing including for research, build accountability, promote an end to discrimination and stigma and promote equitable, rights-based and people-centered TB response.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Tuberculosis Day (WTD)</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is one of eight official global public health campaigns observed by World Health Organization (WHO). Observance of this day seeks to create awareness among all the stakeholders about the disease and the challenges associated with its control. It also seeks to mobilize political and social commitment for accelerate progress to end TB.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Tuberculosis (TB) </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is disease caused by bacteria “Mycobacterium tuberculosis” that most often affect the lungs. It spreads through the air from person to person by coughing, sneezing, and talking or by touching surface with infected saliva or mucus.. It commonly affects lungs and also may affect other parts of the body. </span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'World Meteorological Day observed on 23 March',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The World Meteorological Day (WMD) is observed every year on 23 March to mark coming into force of Convention establishing World Meteorological Organization (WMO) on 23 March 1950. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme for WMD 2019 is “The Sun, the Earth and the Weather”. It recognises critical role played Sun in functioning of Earth. Sun delivers energy that powers all life on Earth. It drives weather, ocean currents and hydrological cycle. It shapes our mood and our daily activities. It is inspiration for music, photography and art.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Meteorological Organization (WMO)</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is intergovernmental organization of 192 member states and Territories. Its supreme body is World Meteorological Congress.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It originated from International Meteorological Organization (IMO), the roots of which were planted at 1873 Vienna International Meteorological Congress. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was established by ratification of WMO Convention on 23 March 1950. Its is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In 1951, it became specialised agency of United Nations for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Meteorological Day:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> WMO has been celebrating World Meteorological Day since 1961 with a different theme selected for each year. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its observance aims to showcases essential contribution of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services to safety and wellbeing of society.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The themes chosen for this day chosen every year reflect topical weather, climate or water-related issues. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'metadescription' => 'The World Meteorological Day (WMD) is observed year on 23 March to mark coming into force of Convention establishing World Meteorological Organization (WMO',
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'title' => 'National Safe Motherhood Day observed on 11th April',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The National Safe Motherhood Day is observed every year in India on 11th April to enforce that women have availability and adequate access to care during Pregnancy childbirth and postnatal services. The theme for year 2019 was ‘Midwives for Mothers’.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In 2003, Government of India had declared 11th April as National Safe Motherhood Day at request of The White Ribbon Alliance (WRAI), an alliance of 1800 organizations. This date was selected as it is birth anniversary of Kasturba Gandhi, wife of Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi, the father of the nation. India is first country in the world to officially declare National Safe Motherhood Day. Every year WRAI select theme for this observance of this day. On this day several activities are organized to increase awareness and full-scale campaigns are organized throughout the country. The of goal these campaigns is to ensure that every woman has right to live and has safe motherhood, eliminating the pre and post pregnancy risks.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'International Convention on World Homoeopathy Day held in New Delhi',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">International Convention on World Homoeopathy Day to deliberate on linking education and clinical practice with research was held in New Delhi. It was organised by Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH), an autonomous research organisation, Ministry of AYUSH.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Homoeopathy Day </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is observed every year on April 10 to commemorate birth anniversary of the founder and father of Homoeopathy system of medicine, Dr. Christian Fredrich Samuel Hahnemann. It seeks to spread more knowledge about Homoeopathy as form of medicine in mainstream public health. This year it is 264th birth anniversary of founder of Dr. Hahnemann. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Homeopathy </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is system of medicine was developed by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann in Germany in 1796. It has emerged as second most widely used treatment, adapted by most of the doctors of the world.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It uses unique way of treatment by stimulating body’s own healing power. It is seen as alternative to standard medicine system. Its entire concept is different to other conventional forms of medicines. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is widely popular across the world and is recognized in India to cure the diseases worldwide. It has been integrated into national health care system.</span></span></span></span></li>
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'title' => 'Prevention of Blindness Week 2019 celebrated',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) celebrated Prevention of Blindness Week 2019 from 1st April 2 to 7th April. It was aimed at increasing awareness towards blind people, their struggles and to understand value of eyes for them across country. It was focused on detection, cure and treatment of eye diseases. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">2019 Campaign</span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">For this year, MoHFW and World Health Organisation (WHO) together launched campaign “Vision 2020: The Right to Sight” to prevent blindness. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It aims at paying attention to various risk factors that leads to eye injuries which cause visual impairment. It also seeks to educate people about possible eye problems in periodic eye checkup from an ophthalmologist or eye clinics.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Under this campaign, people and children in schools and villages, will be educated about importance of eye hygiene.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">As per WHO<strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> </span></span></strong>report, out of 37 million blind people worldwide, 10 million are from India who are majorly bling due to deficiency of vitamin and another nutritional requirement. This deficiency combined with high prevalence of cataract, which had put many Indians at risk of blindness. Out of 10,000 people born in India, 7 of them have eye-related problems and every year numbers of blind children are increasing due to nutritional deficiencies. The major causes of blindness are trachoma, vitamin A deficiency, malnutrition,cataract, shortage of optometrists and donated eye. Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan are most affected Indian states with blindness.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Note:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> The first Prevention of Blindness Week was held in 1960 and was launched by then (first) Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and first health minister of India Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'World Health Day observed on 7 April',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The World Health Day (WHD) is observed every year on 7 April to commemorate establishment of World Health Organization (WHO) on this day in 1948.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance this day </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It aims at disseminating knowledge and awareness about human health, increasing life expectancy by adding good health to lives of people by promoting healthier living habits across globe.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Provide unique opportunity to mobilize action around specific health topic of concern to people all over the world<strong>. </strong></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">2019 Theme</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme for this year is “Universal health coverage”. It seeks to ensure that everyone can obtain care they need, when they need it, right in heart of the community. It also reminds world leaders that everyone should be able to access the health care they need, when and where they need it. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Health Day </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is marked by WHO on 7 April to celebrate its founding in 1948. On this day in 1948, first World Health Assembly was held Geneva, Switzerland, which had decided to celebrate 7 April of each year with effect from 1950 as the World Health Day.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is one of eight official global public health campaigns marked by WHO along with World Tuberculosis Day, World Malaria Day, World Immunization Week, World AIDS Day, World Blood Donor Day, World No Tobacco Day, and World Hepatitis Day. </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Health Organization (WHO) </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is specialized agency of UN that acts as coordinating authority on international public health. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was established on 7 April 1948, it succeeded the Health Organization, which was an agency of League of Nations. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It is member of United Nations Development Group (UNDG). </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its flag features the Rod of Asclepius as a symbol for healing.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => '5 April: National Maritime Day',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The National Maritime Day (NMD) is observed every year on 5 April to commemorate maiden voyage of the first Indian owned ship “SS Loyalty” on this day 1919 from Mumbai to UK. This year it was 56th edition of NMD. Its theme was "Indian Ocean-An Ocean of opportunity".</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">SS Loyalty</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was the first ship of Scindia Steam Navigation Company Ltd. It had sailed from Bombay to London on 5th April 1919. It was historical moment in Indian shipping history as sea routes during that time were controlled by British. It had marked red letter day in maritime history of modern India as it was known for its seafaring abilities since ancient days. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The NMD is being observed annually since 1964. Its purpose is to illustrate awareness in supporting intercontinental commerce and global economy as the most well-organized, safe and sound, environmentally responsive approach of transporting goods from one corner to another corner of the world.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Varuna Award</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is highest award to recognize and persons for their sustained and outstanding contribution to maritime sector. It was instituted by Government (Ministry of Shipping) in 2018. It consist of statue of Lord Varuna and Citation. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Note: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Maritime Day (WMD) is observed every year on September 29 to highlight the importance of shipping safety, maritime security and the marine environment.</span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'International Day of Human Space Flight: 12 April',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The International Day of Human Space Flight is observed every year on 12th April to commemorate the date of the first human space flight in the history of mankind. On this day in 1961, Soviet Union (USSR) cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin had successfully undertaken first successful first human space flight. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Gagarin had made one orbit around Earth in over 108 minutes onboard of Vostok 3KA spacecraft which was launched by Vostok-K launch vehicle. This historic event opened way for space exploration for the benefit of all humanity. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In Russia and former USSR countries, this historic scientific feat is celebrated as Cosmonautics Day. 2019 is the 58th anniversary of First Human Space Flight. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">International Day of Human Space Flight on 12 April was proclaimed by United Nations (UN) after UN General Assembly (UN) had adopted resolution A/RES/65/271 on 7 April 2011. The purpose of this day is to celebrate beginning of the space era for mankind. It also seeks to reaffirm important contribution of space science and technology in well-being of peoples and states, in achieving sustainable development goals and to maintain outer space for peaceful purposes. </span></span></span></p>
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'metatitle' => 'International Day of Human Space Flight: 12 April',
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'metadescription' => 'International Day of Human Space Flight observed on 12 April to commemorate the date of the first human space flight in the history of mankind',
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'title' => 'April 18: World Heritage Day',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The World Heritage Day is observed every year on April 18. The day is also known as International Day for Monuments and Sites. This day is celebrated to raise awareness about diversity of cultural heritage, monuments, its relevance, and show how vulnerable they are and highlights needs and benefits of their conservation. The theme for year 2019 is Rural Landscapes. It is linked to theme of 2019 <strong>International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) </strong>Scientific Symposium on Rural heritage which will take place in October 2019 in Marrakesh, Morocco.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Heritage Day was announced by ICOMOS in 1982. It was officially approved by General Assembly of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1983, with aim of enhancing awareness about importance of cultural heritage, monuments and to conserve them. There are total 37 (1 mixed, 7 Natural and 29 Cultural) UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India having special cultural or physical significance.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is global monument conservation body dedicated to promoting application of theory, methodology and scientific techniques for conservation of architectural and archaeological heritage across the world. It also acts as advisory body to UNESCO for cultural heritage, in particular for implementation of World Heritage Convention. It was established on principles set in Venice Charter, also known as 1964 International Charter on Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites. It is headquartered in Paris, France.</span></span></span></p>
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'title' => '23 April: World Book and Copyright Day',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The World Book and Copyright Day is being observed every year across the world on 23 April to promote reading, publishing and copyright and to celebrate authors, books and illustrators. Its observance aims to encourage everyone and in particular young people, to discover pleasure of reading. It also seeks that youth should gain renewed respect for irreplaceable contributions of those, who have furthered social and cultural progress of humanity. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This year it is 24th edition of World Book Day and its celebration is centred around celebrating literature and reading with particular focus on enhancing and protecting indigenous languages. Its focus is fully in line with celebration of International Year of the Indigenous Languages.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">2019 World Book Capital:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Book and Copyright Day (also known as World Book Day or International Day of the Book) was instituted by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). It is on this date in 1616 William Shakespeare (greatest English writer and world’s pre-eminent dramatist), Miguel de Cervantes (greatest Spanish writer) and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega all have died. It was first celebrated on 23 April 1995. Every year, UNESCO selects World Book Capital for one-year period, effective 23 April each year.</span></span></span></p>
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(int) 20 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Days & Dates',
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'title' => 'April 21: Civil Services day',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">The Civil Services day is celebrated every year in India on April 21. On this occasion, civil servants to rededicate themselves to the cause of citizen and renew their commitments to public service and excellence in work. On this day, Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG), Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions organizes main function. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Note</span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">This year Civil Services Day was not observed on 21st April due to ongoing Lok Sabha elections. DARPG has notified that this day will be celebrated once new government takes over or may be clubbed this year’s celebrations and awards ceremony with the next year’s programme.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Significance of this day</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">This day commemorate address of first Home Minister of Independent India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel to probationers of Administrative Services Officers on 21 April 1947 at Metcalf House, Delhi, where he had referred to civil servants as the ‘steel frame of India’.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Prime Minister’s Awards for Excellence in Public Administration</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">As part of Civil Servant Day, Prime Minister’s Awards for Excellence in Public Administration are presented to Districts/Implementing Units for implementation of Priority programme and innovation categories. These awards were instituted in 2006 and are given each year to acknowledge, recognise and reward extraordinary and innovative work done by officers of Central/State Governments towards welfare of common citizen.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'Earth Day: 22 April',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">The International Mother Earth Day is observed every year across the world on 22nd April to build support for environmental protection around world. Observance of this day aims to celebrate Mother Nature and put environmental issues in the spotlight.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Objective of this Day</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Encourage people to carry out activities that will benefit Earth, such as recycling, using solar power or plant trees. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Raise awareness that humans have collective responsibility to promote harmony with nature.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Balance economic, environmental and social needs of present and future generations. </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">2019 Theme for Earth Day 2019 </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">'Protect Our Species'</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">. It aims to draw attention to t rapid extinction of species across the world, which is directly linked to human activity which causes pollution, climate change and deforestation.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">The concept of observing Earth Day was formally proposed by John McConnell at UNESCO conference on Environment in 1969 to remind humans of environmental deterioration caused by them and protect Earth. Later in 1971, a formal proclamation was signed to observe international Earth Day annually on Vernal Equinox by UN Secretary-General U Thant. It was first celebrated in 1970, and since then it is celebrated every year. United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) officially designate 22 April as International Mother Earth Day through resolution A/RES/63/278, adopted in 2009. Celebrations of this day are coordinated globally by Earth Day Network. </span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'World Haemophilia Day: April 17',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The World Haemophilia Day is observed every year on April 17 to spread awareness of Haemophilia and other bleeding disorders. It honours of birth anniversary of Frank Schnabel who had established World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH), an international non-profit organization in 1963 with headquarters in Montreal, Canada. The theme for year 2019 is “Outreach & Identification”.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Haemophilia </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is hereditary bleeding disorder, in which person lacks, or has low levels of proteins called ‘clotting factors’ and the blood does not clot properly as result.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is a lifelong disorder, that results in excessive bleeding and many times spontaneous bleeding, which, very often is internal.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">There are several different types of haemophilia. Two most common are <strong>Haemophilia A (Classic Haemophilia):</strong> It is the result of a deficiency in clotting factor 8 and <strong>Haemophilia B (Christmas Disease):</strong> It is the result of a deficiency in clotting factor 9. This illness is a sex-linked recessive disorder.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its symptoms includes severe headaches, frequent vomiting, neck pain, blurred or doubled vision, extreme sleepiness, and continuous bleeding from an injury.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">There is no known cure or treatment for haemophilia. In case of internal or external bleeding it is mandated to supplement Antihaemophilic Factor level by fresh blood transfusion.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is more common in men than women. This is because it is caused by a defect in the X chromosome. If girl is born with one defective X chromosome, her other X chromosome can compensate for it. On the other hand, if boy is born with defective X chromosome, he does not have second X chromosome to compensate for it, and will suffer from haemophilia.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">There were over 1.96 lakh persons living with haemophilia across the world in 2017 and India has highest count at nearly 19,000.</span></span></span></li>
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'title' => '24 April: International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">United Nations (UN) observed first International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace on April 24, 2019. Observance of this day aims to disseminate advantages of multilateralism and diplomacy for peace through educational and public awareness-raising activities. On this occasion, UN General Assembly (UNGA) had convened one-day high-level plenary meeting to commemorate and promote the day.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was officially proclaimed to be observed ever year on 24 April by UNGA in December 2018 by adopting resolution A/RES/73/127. This day aims at preserving values of multilateralism and international cooperation is fundamental to promote and support the three pillars of UN - Peace and Security, Development and Human Rights. These values underpin principles in UN Charter and</span> <span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.<strong> </strong>It also acknowledges use of multilateral decision-making and diplomacy in achieving peaceful resolutions to conflicts among nations.</span></span></span></p>
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'metatitle' => 'International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace',
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'title' => 'World Immunization Week from April 24 to 30',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The World Immunization Week will be celebrated in the last week of April 2019 (from April 24 to 30). It is global public health campaign of World Health Organisation (WHO) aimed at raising awareness and increase rates of immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases around the world.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme of this year is <strong>“Protected Together: Vaccines Work!”. </strong>Its main goal is to raise awareness about critical importance of full immunization throughout life.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This year’s world immunization week will also celebrate Vaccine Heroes from around world – from parents and community members to health workers and innovators – who help ensure we are all protected, at all ages, through power of vaccines.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The World Immunization Week was endorsed by WHO-World Health Assembly during its May 2012 meeting. Its goal is to raise public awareness of how immunization saves lives, and support people everywhere to get vaccinations needed against deadly diseases for themselves and their children. It was observed for first time in April 2012, with the participation of more than 180 countries and territories worldwide</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">WHO estimates that currently over 2 to 3 million deaths are averted every year because of active immunization. However, 22.6 million infants worldwide are still lack basic vaccines, mostly in developing countries. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Inadequate immunization coverage rates often result from competing health priorities, poor management of health systems, limited resources and inadequate surveillance. Expanding access to immunization is vital for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), poverty reduction and universal health coverage.</span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Malaria Day is being observed every year on 25 April across the world to recognise global efforts to control malaria disease. It also seeks to highlight the need for continued investment and sustained political commitment for elimination and control of vector-borne disease malaria. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme of 2019 World Malaria Day is <strong>‘Zero malaria starts with me’. </strong>It is grassroots campaign that aims to keep malaria high on political agenda, mobilize additional resources, and empower communities to take ownership of malaria prevention and care.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World’s first Malaria Vaccine</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">On this occasion, Government of Malawi had launched world’s first malaria vaccine known as RTS,S, (Trademark name Mosquirix) in a landmark pilot programme. It is the first of three in Africa in which the vaccine is made available to children up to 2 years of age. Ghana and Kenya will introduce the vaccine in the coming weeks.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Malaria Day (WMD) was instituted by 60th session of World Health Assembly (WHA), a decision-making body of World Health Organization (WHO) in May 2007. It is aimed at providung understanding and education of vector borne malaria disease and also spread information on year-long intensified implementation of national malaria-control strategies. It is one of eight official global public health campaigns currently marked by WHO. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Malaria Threat</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">: is one of world’s leading killer disease, killing 435 000 people a year, most of them children. It claims life of one child every two minutes. Most of these deaths are in Africa, where more than 250 000 children die from disease every year. Children under 5 are at greatest risk of its life-threatening complications. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">About Malaria </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is mosquito-borne infectious disease most commonly transmitted through the bite of infected <strong><em>female Anopheles mosquito</em></strong>. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganisms) belonging to Plasmodium type. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its initial symptoms include fever, headache and chills which are difficult to detect as malaria. If these symptoms are not treated within 24 hours, they can lead to serious illness and death. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Children suffering from malaria may develop severe anaemia, respiratory distress or cerebral malaria. Adults who have malaria could experience multi-organ failure. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Prevention and Treatment</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">: Early diagnosis and treatment is the best way to curb spread of this disease.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Intellectual Property Day (WIPD) is observed every year across the world on April 26 to spread awareness about pivotal role played intellectual property rights (like patents, trademarks, industrial designs and copyright) in encouraging innovation and creativity.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme of WIPD 2019 is “<strong>Reach for Gold: IP and Sports</strong>”. It seeks to highlight important of intellectual property rights in world of sports. It highlights importance of innovation, creativity and IP rights to support development of sport and its enjoyment around the world.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">IP and Sports</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In recent times, sports have become industry of its own, generating multi-billion dollars and millions of people are employed in it around the world.<strong> </strong>Sports businesses across the world use patents and designs for development of new technologies, materials, and equipment. Business relationships built on IPR help the multi-billion sports industry to secure economic value of sports.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The idea of observing World Intellectual Property Day was mooted in October 1999 by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). It was officially designated in 2000 by UNGA. The purpose of instituting this day was to address perceived gap between IPR as business/legal concept and its relevance to people’s lives. The date 26 April was chosen as on this date in 1970 Convention Establishing World Intellectual Property Organization entered into force.</span></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Every year 7<sup>th</sup> April is observed as The International Day of Reflection on 1994 Rwandan genocide in memory of victims of genocide in Rwanda.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">1994 genocide in which around 800,000 Tutsis community (an African ethnic group) were slaughtered in Rwanda in a 100 day campaign, is a hallmark example of violence that was ignored by international community. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The United Nations later declared day in remembrance of Tutsi people who were killed or injured in atrocities. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The Day of Reflection offers opportunity to consider factors that led to such mass atrocity and to renew collective pledge of “never again”.</span></span></span></li>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Day for Safety and Health at Work is observed every year across the world on April 28 to promote prevention of occupational accidents and diseases globally. The day is observed by the International Labour Organisation (ILO).</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Objective of Day</span></strong></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is as an awareness-raising campaign to raise awareness for promoting safe, healthy and decent work. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It also aims to create safety and health culture to reduce number of work-related deaths and injuries. </span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">201 9Theme: “<em>Safety and health at the heart of the future of work</em>"</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It seeks to draw world attention on the degree of problem and to promote healthy work culture so that several work-related deaths and injuries can be reduced. Every year more than thousands of people die as result of occupational accidents and work-related disease. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Day for Safety and Health at Work is observed every year on April 28 by ILO since 2003, in order to stress on t prevention of accidents and diseases at work. It is observed as integral part of ILO’s Global Strategy on Occupational Safety and Health which was adopted at International Labour Conference in June 2003</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">.World Day for Safety and Health at Work is one of the main pillars of the Global Strategy is and is significant tool to raise awareness for making work safe and healthy.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The date April 28 also commemorates International Commemoration Day for Dead and Injured Workers, which was earlier organised worldwide by ttrade union movement since 1996.</span></span></span></li>
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'description' => '<h2 style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Dance Day is celebrated every year on April 29 across the world to encourage participation and education in dance. It is global day celebrated by International Theatre Institute (ITI) which organizes events and festivals to celebrate dance,</span></span></span></h2>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Dance Day </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">This day was instituted by Dance Committee of International Theatre Institute (ITI), ‘29 April’ was chosen as date to celebrated birthday anniversary of French dancer, creator of modern ballet and great reformer of dance Jean-Georges Noverre (born on 29 April 1727 and died 19 October1810). Observance of this day is aimed at increasing awareness about importance of dance among general public. It also seeks to persuade governments across the world to include dance in education system. On this day, every year a famous dance personality circulates message throughout world about importance of dance and this day.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Theatre Institute (ITI) </span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is the world’s largest performing arts organization. It works in the areas of arts education, international exchange and collaboration, and youth training. It was founded in 1948 by theatre and dance experts and UNESCO. It is headquartered in Paris, France. It is dedicated to performing arts and advances UNESCO’s goals of mutual understanding and peace and advocates for protection and promotion of cultural expressions, regardless of age, gender, creed or ethnicity.</span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Labour Day is celebrated every year on May 1 across the world to honour the contribution of working men and women. Observance of this day aims to pay tribute to sacrifices of workers in achieving economic and social rights all over world. The theme for this year's is "<strong>Uniting Workers for Social and Economic Advancement</strong>".</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Labour Day also known as Workers' Day, Labour Day or May Day to honour the contribution of working men and women. The date was chosen by pan-national organization of socialist and communist political parties to commemorate Haymarket affair, which occurred in Chicago on 4 May 1886. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">During industrialization at beginning of the 19th Century, industrialists used to exploit labour class and made them work up to 15 hours a day. The workers at Haymarket affair in Chicago had rose against this exploitation and demanded paid leaves, proper wages, breaks for the workforce and safety at work. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">After the workers struggle, eight-hours was declared as the legal time for the workers in the national convention at Chicago by American Federation of Labour in 1886. So this day marks victory of the workers' movement for eight hours of work.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In India, the first Labour day was celebrated in Chennai in 1923. It was organised by Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan.</span></span></span></span></li>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Press Freedom Day (WPFD) is celebrated every year on May 3 across the world to celebrate fundamental principles of press freedom as well as to evaluate freedom of press around the world. Observance of this day also serves as occasion to defend media from attacks on their independence and to pay tribute to journalists who died while doing their profession. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">2019 Theme:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> “Media for Democracy: Journalism and Elections in Times of Disinformation”. It aims to discuss current challenges faced by media in elections, along with media’s potential in supporting peace and reconciliation processes.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Main Event:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> This year it is 26th edition of WPFD and main event was jointly organized by UNESCO, African Union Commission (AU) and Government of Ethiopia at the African Union (AU) Headquarters at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Press Freedom Day was proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in December 1993, following recommendation of UNESCO's General Conference. The date 3 May marks anniversary of adaptation of Declaration of Windhoek on media pluralism and independence in 1991 by African journalists. The purpose of observance of this day is to provide opportunity to celebrate fundamental principles of press freedom, assess state of press freedom throughout world, defend media from attacks on their independence and pay tribute to journalists who have lost their lives in line of duty.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Asthma Day is observed every year across the globe on first Tuesday of May to spread awareness about Asthma and its care around the world. This year it was observed on May 7, 2019. The theme of World Asthma Day 2019 was ‘STOP for Asthma’. STOP stands for <strong>S</strong>ymptom evaluation, <strong>T</strong>est Response, <strong>O</strong>bserve and assess, <strong>P</strong>roceed to adjust treatment. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Observance of World Asthma Day is annual initiative of Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and is observed every year on first Tuesday of May. It was first observed in 1998 in conjunction with the first World Asthma Meeting held in Barcelona, Spain. Since then,GINA every year chooses theme of World Asthma </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Asthma</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is common long-term inflammatory disease of airways of the lungs that causes breathing problems. It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction and easily triggered bronchospasms. Its symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. It is thought to be caused by combination of genetic and environmental factors. There is no cure for asthma but its symptoms can be prevented by avoiding triggers, such as allergens and irritants, and by use of inhalers to prevent and relieve the symptoms. </span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Thalassaemia Day is observed every year across the world on 8 May to raise awareness about thalassaemia disease, its preventive measures and measures to avoid transmission among the people throughout the world.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Observance of this day seeks to commemorate honour of all patients suffering from this genetic disease also all scientists doing hardwork to provide improved quality of life to people with thalassaemia across the globe.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The theme of 2019 World Thalassemia Day is<strong> “<em>Universal access to quality thalassaemia healthcare services: Building bridges with and for patient</em>”.</strong></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Thalassemia</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is a genetic blood disorder with no cure except bone</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> marrow transplant (BMT). It is c</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">haracterised by abnormal production of haemoglobin </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">in the body. The abnormality results in improper oxygen transport and destruction of red blood cells and leads to anemia. This l</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">eads to iron overload, bone deformities and in severe </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">cases can cause heart diseases. </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It can be diagnosed by blood tests. It is difficult to prevent it as disorder is passed from parents to children. However, it is treatable disorder that can be managed with blood transfusions and chelation therapy. Some children can be cured by bone marrow transplant.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Every year World Migratory Bird Day (WMBD) is twice a year second Saturday in May and in October with objective of raising awareness and highlighting need for the protection of migratory birds and their habitats. First WMBD 2019 was observed on 11 May 2019. Its </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">theme was “Protect Birds: Be the Solution to Plastic Pollution!”. It seeks to </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">put the spotlight on the negative impact of plastic pollution on migratory birds and their habitats.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Migratory Bird Day (WMBD)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is an annual awareness-raising campaign highlighting the need for the protection of migratory birds and their habitats. It was initiated as annual day in 2006 and from 2018, it is celebrated twice a year, on the second Saturday in May and in October. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is organized by two international wildlife treaties administered by UN Environment Programme (UNEP) – Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) andAfrican-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA) along with Environment for the Americas (EFTA). </span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Nurse Day (IND) is observed every year across the world on May 12 to mark the birth anniversary of Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing. It also celebrates supreme contribution of nurses towards the society, healthcare and wellbeing of people. (Note: May 12 is celebrated as Mother's Day)</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The theme chosen by International Council of Nurses (ICN) for 2019 IND was ‘Nurses: A voice to lead - Health for All”. It focuses on need for nurses to become more active and vocal in policy development and implementation.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">On this occasion, every year President of India conferred National Florence Nightingale Awards to nursing personnel from across the country for selfless services rendered by nurses with devotion, sincerity, dedication and compassion. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The history of International Nurses Day dates back to 1965 when it was officially proclaimed and celebrated for first time by International Council of Nurses (ICN). It was first proposed by Dorothy Sutherland, officer from United States (US) Department of Health, Education and Welfare in 1953. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why May 12?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The date was chose to celebrate birth anniversary Florence Nightingale, of the founder of modern nursing and was famous as manager and trainer of nurses during Crimean War. She was born on May 12, 1820.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of Families is observed every year across world on 15th May. The purpose of this day is to promote awareness of issues related to families and increase knowledge about social, economic and demographic progression that affects families which are the basic unit of society. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">2019 Theme</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">“Families and Climate Action: Focus on SDG 13”. It focuses on families, family policies and advancing major SDG 13 targets –</span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">SDG 13 target 13.2: Integrating climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">SDG 13 target 13.3: Improving education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of Families was proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 1993 by adopting resolution A/RES/47/237. Its objective is to reflect importance international community attaches to families and promote awareness of issues relating to families. Every year UN secretary-general makes to particular applicable motto (theme) attention to celebrate this day.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Telecommunication and Information Society Day (WTISD) is observed every 17 May to mark anniversary of signing of first International Telegraph Convention (ITC) and creation of International Telecommunication Union (ITU). </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The purpose of the day is to help raise awareness of possibilities that use of Internet and other information and communication technologies (ICT) can bring to societies and economies, as well as of ways to bridge digital divide. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">This year it is 50th anniversary of WTISD and is celebrated annually since 1969. It is celebrated to mark founding of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and signing of the first International Telegraph Convention in 1865.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The 2019 Theme is “<strong>Bridging the standardization gap</strong>”. It seeks highlight importance of ITU standards in accelerating ICTs for all Sustainable Development Goals. It also seeks to allow participation of developing countries in ITU's standards-making process. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> <strong>About International Telecommunications Union (ITU)</strong></span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is United Nations specialised agency that coordinate telecommunication operations and services throughout world. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was originally founded in 1865, as International Telegraph Union. This makes it oldest existing international organization. It is member of UNDP.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Membership</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">: It has total 193 countries as its members and also 800 private-sector entities such like carriers, equipment manufacturers and academic institutions etc,</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It consists of three sectors:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> (i) Radiocommunication (ITU-R): It ensures optimal, fair and rational use of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum. (ii) Telecommunication Standardization (ITU-T): It formulates recommendations for standardizing telecommunication operations worldwide. (iii) Telecommunication Development (ITU-D): It assists countries in developing and maintaining internal communication operations.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Functions:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It sets and publishes regulations and standards relevant to electronic communication and broadcasting technologies of all kinds including radio, television, telephone, satellite and internet. It helps emerging countries to establish and develop telecommunication systems of their own. It conducts working parties, study groups and meetings to address current and future issues and to resolve disputes. It recommendations are non-binding but it member countries adhere to them in interest of maintaining effective international electronic communication environment. It organizes and conducts exhibition and forum known as the Global TELECOM every four years.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India and ITU: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India is active member of ITU since 1869. It has been regular member of ITU Council since 1952. In November 2018, India was elected as Member of the ITU Council for another 4-year term (2019-2022). In March 2019, ITU had decided to set up ITU South Asia Area Office and Technology Innovation Centre in New Delhi.</span></span></span></span></li>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Museum Day is observed every year across the world on May 18 across to raise awareness on how important museums are in the development of society. The 2019 theme was ‘Museums as Cultural Hubs: The future of tradition’.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Museum Day was proclaimed by International Council of Museums (ICOM) in 1977. Its objective is to raise awareness of museums as important means of cultural exchange, enrichment of cultures and development of mutual understanding, cooperation and peace among peoples. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Council of Museum (ICOM).</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is the nodal and only organisation of museums and museum professionals with global scope. It is committed to promotion and protection of natural and cultural heritage, present and future, tangible and intangible. It was established in 1946. It is headquartered in Paris, France. It serves as network of museum professionals acting in wide range of museum- and heritage-related disciplines. It has more than 35,000 members in 137 countries.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Metrology Day is celebrated every year across the world on May 20. The day commemorates anniversary of the signing of the Metre Convention in 1875. The theme for this year is "The International System of Units - Fundamentally better." </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Metre Convention of 1875</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was signed by representatives of seventeen nations on 20 May 1875. It has set framework for global collaboration in science of measurement and in its industrial, commercial and societal applications. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its original aim was to bring world-wide uniformity of measurement and it still remains as important today as it was in 1875. It provides the basis for a coherent measurement system worldwide that underpins scientific discovery and innovation, industrial manufacturing and international trade, as well as the protection of the global environment. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Organisations</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Organization of Legal Metrology:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is intergovernmental organization that promotes global harmonization of the legal metrology procedures that underpin and facilitate international trade. It was established in 1955 and is headquatered in Paris.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Bureau of Weights and Measures:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is intergovernmental organization established by Metre Convention. It provides common platform to member states act together on matters related to measurement science and measurement standards. </span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The University Grants Commission (UGC) has directed universities and higher educational institutions to observe May 21 as Anti-Terrorism Day to wean the youth away from terrorism. It also suggested activities for the day including debates, discussions, symposium, pledge taking ceremony and screening of films as per recommendations of Ministry of Home Affairs.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The Anti-Terrorism Day is observed every year throughout India on May 21 to spread awareness among people about dangers of terrorism and violence and its effect on people, society and the country as a whole. Its objective is to wean away the people from terrorism and violence and show how it is prejudicial to the national interest. It also aims to promote unity, peace and harmony across the nation. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why May 21?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The day marks the death anniversary of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi who was assassinated at an election rally near Chennai by a suicide bomber from Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) on 21 May 1991. </span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'World Bee Day: May 20',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Bee Day is celebrated every year across the world on May 20. The purpose of this day is to acknowledge the role of bees and other pollinators for the ecosystem. The theme for year 2019 is “Save the Bees”.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why this date?</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">May 20 coincides with birth anniversary of Anton Janaa, who in 18th century had pioneered modern beekeeping techniques in his native country Slovenia and praised bees for their ability to work so hard, while needing so little attention.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Value of bees</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Pollinators like bees, butterflies, bats and hummingbirds allow many plants, including many food crops, to reproduce. A third of the world's food production depends on bees. Bees are vital for preservation of ecological balance, biodiversity in nature and help reduce pollution.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">They not only contribute directly to food security, but they are key to conserving biodiversity - a cornerstone of Sustainable Development Goals. They also serve as sentinels for emerging environmental risks and signal health of local ecosystems. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">They are increasingly under threat from human activities. Invasive insects, land-use change, pesticides and monocropping practices may reduce available nutrients and poses greatest threats to bee colonies.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Bee Day was proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) by unanimously passing resolution proposed by Slovenia in December 2017. It is aimed at highlighting importance of preservation of bees and their significance for humanity. It also calls for the adoption of specific conservation measures.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development is observed every year across the world on May 21 to bridge gap between different cultures and promote tolerance. Observance of this day also seeks to help communities understand value of cultural diversity and learn how to live together in harmony. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development was proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in November 2002 by adopting Resolution 57/249. It was adopted after UNESCO had adopted Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity in 2001. It aims to help communities understand value of cultural diversity and learn how to live together in harmony. This day was created as a result of destruction of 6th-century monumental Buddha statues (Gandhara style) carved into side of cliff in Bamyan valley in Hazarajat region of central Afghanistan in 2001 by Taliban.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'International Day for Biological Diversity: May 22',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Day for Biological Diversity is celebrated every year on 22 May to increase understanding and awareness of biodiversity issues. This day marks coming in force of Convention on Biological Diversity at United Nations Environment Progamme Headquarters, Nairobi on 22 May 1992. This day was proclaimed by UN General Assembly in 2000 via resolution 55/201.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">2019 Theme </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> “Our Biodiversity, Our Food, Our Health”. It highlights importance of biodiversity as foundation for our food and health. It aims to leverage knowledge and spread awareness of dependency of food systems, nutrition, and health on biodiversity and healthy ecosystems. It also celebrates diversity provided by natural systems for human existence and well-being on Earth, while contributing to other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including climate change mitigation and adaptation, ecosystems restoration, cleaner water and zero hunger, among others.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Impact of human diet on Biodiversity</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The global diet as a whole is becoming more homogenized, and which is dangerous thing. In the last 100 years, more than 90</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of crop varieties have disappeared from farmers’ fields. Locally-varied food production systems are under threat, including indigenous, traditional and local knowledge. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is the international legal instrument for "the conservation of biological diversity" that has been ratified by 196 nations including India.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is legally binding document. It is outcome of Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit 1992 and entered into force in December 1993. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Objectives:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> (i) Conservation of biodiversity, (ii) Sustainable use of its components and (iii) Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. </span></span></span></span></li>
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'title' => 'World Thyroid Day observed on May 25Â ',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Thyroid Awareness Day is observed every year across the world on May 25 to spread awareness of thyroid health and educating about prevention and treatment of thyroid diseases. The objective of this day seeks to highlight five major goals to: (i) increase awareness of thyroid health, (ii) promote understanding of advances made in treating thyroid diseases, (iii) emphasize prevalence of thyroid diseases, (iv) focus on urgent need for education and prevention programs and (vi) expand awareness of new treatment modalities. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Thyroid gland</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is often referred to as simply thyroid, is one of the largest endocrine glands. It butterfly-shaped gland located in neck. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its health is extremely important, as hormones produced by it influence critical body functions and regulate metabolism. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Disorders related to it are very common worldwide and they affect people of all ages and have large range of symptoms. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The most common thyroid disorders include yperthyroidism (abnormally increased thyroid activity), thyroiditis or Goitre (inflammation of thyroid gland), hypothyroidism (abnormally decreased thyroid activity) and thyroid cancer. They are often caused by iodine deficiency. </span></span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Thyroid Awareness Day was officially proclaimed by European Thyroid Association (ETA) and American Thyroid Association (ATA). This day is devoted globally to Thyroid Gland and its numerous and often ‘invisible’ symptoms. It was observed for the first time in 2009 and since then, it is celebrated annually across the globe together with its extension, International Thyroid Awareness Week, which surrounds main Day.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers is observed every year across the world on May 29, 2019. Observance of this day aims to pay tribute to invaluable contribution of civilian personnel and honours UN peacekeepers who have sacrificed their lives while rendering peacekeeping services. It also commemorates establishment of first UN peacekeeping mission on May 29, 1948. The theme of 2019 International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers was “Protecting Civilians, Protecting Peace”.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers was officially proclaimed by UN General Assembly (UNGA) by adopting Resolution 57/129 in December 2002. The day was instituted on official request of Government of Ukraine and Ukrainian Peacekeepers Association to the UNGA. It was first celebrated in 2003.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why May 29?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The May 29 marks the anniversary of establishment of UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) in 1948. It was first UN peacekeeping mission established to monitor ceasefire after Arab-Israeli War 1948. </span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Focus of World No Tobacco Day 2019: "<strong>Tobacco and lung health</strong>". It aims to increase awareness on negative impact that tobacco has on people’s lung health, from cancer to chronic respiratory disease and fundamental role lungs play for the health and well-being of all people</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World No Tobacco Day (WNTD) was instituted by World Health Assembly, the highest decision-making body of World Health Organisation (WHO) in 1999. Since then, is observed annually every year with different tobacco-related theme. It is one of eight official global public health campaigns or days observed by WHO. The purpose of observing this day is to raise awareness on harmful and deadly effects of tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure, and to discourage the use of tobacco in any form. </span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Milk Day is observed every year on June 1 across the world to recognize importance of milk as a global food. Observance of this day also aims to celebrate important contributions of the dairy sector to sustainability, economic development, livelihoods and nutrition. The theme of this year is ‘Drink Milk: Today & Everyday’</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Milk Day was established by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to provide an opportunity to bring attention to activities that are connected with the milk industry.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why June 1?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It was chosen as date because many countries were already celebrating a milk day during that time of year.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose of this day</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">: It provides an opportunity to focus attention on milk and raise awareness of dairy’s part in healthy diets, responsible food production and supporting livelihoods and communities. </span></span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is specialised agency of United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. UN Economic and Social Council (UNESC) is its parent organisation. It was established in October 1945. It is headquartered in Rome, Italy. 197 countries are its member states along with European Union.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression is observed every year across the world on June 4 to acknowledge the pain suffered by children throughout the world who are the victims of physical, emotional and mental abuse. This day affirms the United Nations’ (UN) commitment to protect the rights of children.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">2019 Theme: “<em>Zero Violence against Children by 2030</em>”.</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The theme is in line with 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDG) which provides universal masterplan to secure better future for children. SDG include time specific target (16.2) to end all forms of violence against children and ending the abuse, neglect and exploitation of children is mainstreamed across several other violence-related targets.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression was established on 19 August 1982 (resolution ES-7/8) by UN General Assembly (UNGA) at its emergency special session on question of Palestine. At this session, UNGA had appalled at great number of innocent Palestinian and Lebanese children victims of Israel’s acts of aggression. Originally it was focused on victims of1982 Lebanon War, but later its purpose was expanded to acknowledge the pain suffered by children throughout the world who are the victims of physical, emotional and mental abuse.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In 1997, UNGA adopted 51/77 Resolution on the Rights of the Child. It was a landmark decision in an efforts to improve the protection of children in conflict situations. Resolution 51/77 was built on existing UNGA’s efforts to protect the rights of children, including through Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol and annual Rights of the Child resolutions. It also had established mandate of Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict</span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Blood Donor Day observed every year across the world on June 14 to thank voluntary, unpaid blood donors for their life-saving gifts of blood. It also raises awareness for regular blood donations to ensure uality, safety and availability of blood and blood products for patients in need. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">2019 Theme:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> “Safe blood for all”. It seeks to raise awareness of universal need for safe blood in delivery of health care and crucial roles that voluntary donations play in achieving the goal of universal health coverage.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Host country:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Rwanda is host country for World Blood Donor Day 2019. The global event for this year was held in Rwanda’s capital city Kigali on 14 June 2019. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Blood Donors Day was established by World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2004 to raise awareness of need for safe bold and blood products and to thank donors. It is one of the eight official global public health campaigns marked by WHO along with World Health Day (7 April), World Tuberculosis Day (24 March), World Immunization Week (last week of April), World Malaria Day (25 April), World No Tobacco Day (31 May), World Hepatitis Day (28 July) and World AIDS Day (1 December).</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Importance of blood donation</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Blood donation (or transfusion of blood and blood products) every year helps save millions of lives. It is essential components in proper management of women suffering from bleeding associated with pregnancy and childbirth, patients with blood and bone marrow disorders, inherited disorders of haemoglobin, children suffering from severe anaemia due to malaria and malnutrition and immune deficiency conditions. It is also life saving component for victims of emergencies, trauma, disasters and accidents; as well as patients undergoing advanced medical and surgical procedures</span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Elder Abuse Awareness Day (WEAAD) is observed every year across the world on June 15 to highlight the often silent suffering of the elder generation. Its objective is to voice opposition to the abuse and suffering inflicted on elderly people. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">2019 Theme: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">“<em>Lifting Up Voices</em>”. It is centered on unifying parallel fields of Elder Justice and Violence Against Women by bringing to forefront the lived experiences of older people around the globe. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Elder Abuse Awareness Day (WEAAD)<strong> </strong>was officially recognized by United Nations General Assembly in December 2011 through<strong> resolution 66/127 </strong>following a request by the International Network for the Prevention of Elder Abuse. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose of this day: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It aims to raise voice against abuse and suffering inflicted to some defenceless older people. It seeks to highlight elder abuse as a global social issue which affects health and human rights of millions of older persons around the world.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Forms of Elder abuse:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It can take various forms such as physical, psychological or emotional, and financial abuse. It can lead to serious physical injuries and long-term psychological consequences.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Extent of Elder Abuse: G</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">lobal population of people aged 60 years and older will more than double, from 900 million in 2015 to about 2 billion in 2050. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">According to UN, around 1 in 6 older people experience some form of abuse. It is predicted to increase as many countries across the world are experiencing rapidly ageing populations. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Note:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> In addition to this day, UN also observes International Day of Older Persons every year on October 1, recognizing contributions of older persons and to examine issues that affect their lives.</span></span></span></span></li>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day Against Child Labour is observed every year on 12 June to raise awareness against child labour. The theme for this year was "Children should not work in fields but on dreams". This year also marks 20 years since adoption of the ILO's Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182). </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Labour Organization (ILO) was launched in 2002 by International Labour Organization (ILO) to focus attention on global extent of child labour and action and efforts needed to eliminate it. Objective of this day is to bring together governments, employers and workers organizations, civil society as well as millions of people around the world to highlight the plight of child labourers and what can be done to help them.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Target 8.7 of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It calls on global community to take measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking. It also calls to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms.</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Observance of this day</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Acknowledges gastronomy as significant cultural expression related to natural and cultural diversity of the world. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Reaffirms that all civilizations and cultures are contributors and crucial enablers of sustainable development. </span></span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Gastronomy: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is study of relationship between food and culture. It is basically is science of good eating and deals with art of preparing and serving rich or delicate and appetizing food, cooking styles of particular regions.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Sustainable Gastronomy Day was instituted by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) through <strong>resolution A/RES/71/246</strong> adopted in December 2016. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose of this day:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It seeks to draw focus of world for crucial role played by sustainable gastronomy, owing to its inter-linkages with three dimensions of sustainable development in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by promoting food security, nutrition, agricultural development, sustainable food production and conservation of biodiversity.</span></span></span></span></li>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Refugee Day is observed every year across the world June 20 to raise awareness of the situation of refugees throughout the world. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose of this day:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It seeks to draw attention to the plight of refugees across the world and celebrate their courage and resilience and renew global commitment to solve refugee problems</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">2019 Theme:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> <em>#StepWithRefugees — Take A Step on World Refugee Day.</em><strong> </strong>It seeks to highlight big and small steps in solidarity with refugees around the world by communities, schools, businesses, faith groups and people from all walks of life.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Refugee Day was instituted by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) through Resolution 55/76 passed in December 2000. It was passed to mark 50th anniversary of UN Refugee Convention, 1951. Since then, this day is observed annually with different themes. Prior institution of this day in 2000, Organization of African Unity (OAU) member states used to observe African Refugee Day on 20 June. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Refugees : </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">United Nations Refugee Convention 1951 defines refugees as those who have fled their country owing to well-founded fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or political opinion. </span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The Day of the Seafarer is observed every year across the globe by International Maritime Organization (IMO) on 25 June as an expression of thanks to the seafarers for their contribution to the economy and civil society of the world. Observance of this day also acknowledges risks and personal costs endured by seafarers while being in their jobs. The theme (campaign) for year 2019 is <strong>‘I Am On Board with gender equality’.</strong> It aims to give strong emphasis in the maritime world on importance and value of women within the professional ranks.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Day of the Seafarer was proclaimed by International Maritime Organisation (IMO) in 2010. It was established in resolution adopted by 2010 Diplomatic Conference in Manila, Phillipines to adopt revised Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) Convention, 1978. This day was observed for first time in 2011 and since then it is observed annually. It has also been included in list of observances by United Nations. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose of this day:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It acknowledges that almost everything that we use in our daily lives has been directly or indirectly linked with sea transport. According to IMO, around 90</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% o</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">f the world’s goods trade is carried out through ships.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking is observed every year across the world on June 26 to raise awareness of major problem that illicit drugs. It also seeks to highlight expression of United Nations’ (UN) determination to strengthen action and cooperation to achieve goal of international society free of drug abuse. The official theme for year 2019 is “<strong>Health for Justice. Justice for Health”. </strong>It aims to highlight that health and justice are two sides of the same coin when it comes to addressing drug problems.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking was officially instituted by UN General Assembly (UNGA) by adopting resolution 42/112 in December 1987. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why June 26?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The date was chosen to commemorate Lin Zexu’s (Chinese scholar and official of the Qing dynasty) dismantling of opium trade in Humen, Guangdong, just before First Opium War in China (1839–42). </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose of this day:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It recognizes that despite continued and increased efforts by international community, the world drug problem continues to constitute serious threat to public health, well-being of humanity and safety, in particular young people and national security and sovereignty of States and that it undermines socio-economic and political stability and sustainable development. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It also seeks to encourage United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to continue their work on international drug control. It also urges all Governments to provide fullest possible financial and political support to enable UNODC to continue, expand and strengthen its operational and technical cooperation activities, within its mandates.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The second edition of International SME Convention was held in New Delhi. It was organized by Union Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) on the occasion of International MSME Day. The theme for this edition of convention was “Indian MSMEs, Global Aspirations”.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Government target for MSMEs</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">During the convention, Union Minister for MSME said that the government has set the following targets of raising the contribution of MSME sector to the country's GDP to 50 % from the present 29 %and ensure that MSME sector gave employment to at least 15 Crore people against the 11.1 Crore at present.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About International SME Convention</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The first editon of International SME Convention was held in April 2018. It is was organsed by Ministry of MSME in association with India SME Forum. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) are the Institutional Partners for this event. Objectives of International SME Convention are to boost international competitiveness of Indian MSMEs by making them aware of global market demand, ease of export financing for exports and developing strategies to penetrate new markets.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'Micro-Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Day (MSME) Day: June 27',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSME) Day is observed every year on June 27 across the world to highlight strong contributions of MSME businesses worldwide to livelihoods, communities and economies, and need to support MSMEs towards their success. This year it is third edition of MSME Day after it was instituted in April 2017. The campaign slogan of MSME Day 2019 <strong>is “Big Money For Small Business’.</strong></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The Internatinal Micro-, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSME) Day was proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) through resolution A/RES/71/279 to recognize need to improve small business access to microfinance and credit. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The resolution was introduced by delegation of Argentina and was co-sponsored by 54 member states and adopted without vote by 193-member UNGA in April 2017. Its purpose is to encourage member states to facilitate observance of day by increasing awareness and actions to support small business.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Objectives of this day </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Advocate importance of MSMEs in youth employment.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Raise awareness around youth entrepreneurship. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Raise awareness around skills needed by youth to acquire decent jobs </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Importance of MSMEs </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">MSMEs are major job providers and catalysts for growth. They promote innovation, creativity and decent work for all and are critical force in realizing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They contribute four in five new formal jobs created in emerging markets. The private sector led by MSMEs drives jobs growth and accounts for 87% of total employment. They also tend to employ larger share of vulnerable sectors of workforce, such as women, youth, and people from poorer households. They also serve as group are main income provider for income distribution at “base of the pyramid”. </span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'International Day of Parliamentarism: 30 June',
'description' => '<h2 style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of Parliamentarism is celebrated every year on June 30 across the world to recognize important role played by parliaments in national plans and strategies and ensuring greater transparency and accountability at national and global levels. </span></span></span></span></h2>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose of this day:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It celebrates importance of parliamentarians, as cornerstone of democracy and as institutions designed to improve lives of people they represent. It provides opportunity for parliaments to identify challenges, and ways to address them effectively.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of Parliamentarism was instituted by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) through resolution A/RES/72/278 adopted in May 2018 to recognise role of parliaments in national plans and strategies. This resolution called on UN and its member states to work more closely with parliaments as well as Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) on issues relating to human rights, gender equality, health and peace and youth empowerment. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why June 30?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> This date coincides with day in 1889, on which Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), the global organization of parliaments was founded.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Facts and Figures</span></span></strong> </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Parliaments represent voice of people, enact laws, allocate funds to implement policies and laws and most importantly hold governments accountable for their actions. The oldest parliament is Icelandic Parliament called as Althingi which was founded in 930.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Parliamentary system of government falls into two categories viz. unicameral (having only one chamber) and bicameral (having two chambers of parliament). Out of 193 member countries of UN, 79 are having bicameral legislatures (including India) and 114 are having unicameral legislatures. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is global inter-parliamentary institution. It was established in 1889 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It was first permanent forum for political multilateral negotiations. Its has permanent observer status at UNGA.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Evolution of IPU:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Its initial objective was arbitration of conflicts and had played important role setting up Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague. Over time, its mission shifted in promotion of democracy and inter-parliamentary dialogue.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Initially, it was only meant for individual parliamentarians, but later transformed into international organization of parliaments of sovereign states. It also has played key role in establishment of institutions at inter-governmental level, including UN</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Members of IPU:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The national parliaments of 178 countries are its members. Besides, 12 regional parliamentary assemblies are its associate members. </span></span></span></span></li>
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'tag' => 'Days & Dates',
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'title' => 'National Statistics Day: June 29',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The National Statistics Day is celebrated every year in India on June 29 to create public awareness about the importance of statistics in socio-economic planning and policy formulation. This day celebrates birth anniversary of Late Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis and acknowledges his notable contribution in fields of statistics, statistical system and economic planning. The theme of Statistics Day 2019 is <strong>“Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)”.</strong> It underscores for intensive and focused discussions towards filling data gaps and improvement of timelines and quality in SDGs.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The Statistics Day observed on June 29 was officially designated by Union Government in 2007 in recognition of notable contributions made by Late Professor PC Mahalanobis in the fields of statistics. Since then it is observed annually and every year Union Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI) and Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) selects particular theme for day.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About PC Mahalanobis </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He was Indian scientist and applied statistician. Born on 29 June 1893 in Kolkata, West Bengal. Died on 28 June 1972 in Kolkata.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He was the first statistician from India to receive world recognition. He is referred to as chief architect of Indian statistical system as well as father of statistical science in India.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He established Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in 1931 in Kolkata. The institute founded India’s first statistical journal journal Sankhya, along lines of Karl Pearson’s Biometrika. ISI was made an autonomous body of MoSPI in 1959.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Post-independence, he had helped (as honorary statistical adviser to cabinet) in establishment of Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), National Sample Survey (NSS) and Annual Survey of Industries (ASI).</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In 1947, he was elected Chairman of United Nations Sub-Commission on Statistical Sampling and held this post until 1951.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He had introduced statistical measure named Mahalanobis distance in 1936. It is widely used in cluster analysis and classification techniques. His most important contribution is related to Large-Scale Sample Surveys. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He introduced three key concepts to theory and practice of sample surveys viz. Pilot surveys, Optimum survey design and Inter Penetrating Network of sub-samples technique (IPNS).</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He was also member of the Planning Commission (PC) from 1955 to 1967. The 2nd Five-Year Plan had relied on mathematical description of Indian economy framed by Mahalanobis. This plan had encouraged development of heavy industry in India and later became known as Nehru-Mahalanobis model or Basic Industry strategy of economic growth.</span></span></span></span></li>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The National Doctors’ Day is observed every year across India on 1 July to express gratitude and acknowledge commitment and dedication of the doctors’ towards our society. It also aims to honour legendary physician and second Chief Minister of West Bengal Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy whose birth and death anniversary coincides on the same day. The theme for National Doctor’s 2019: ‘Zero tolerance to violence against doctors and clinical establishment’. It is meant to raise awareness about violence happening with doctors across India.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He was highly respected physician, renowned freedom fighter, educationist, philanthropist and politician. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He was born on 1 July 1882 in Patna (Bihar) and died at age of 80 years on 1 July 1962 in Kolkata (West Bengal). </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He was an alumnus of Medical College Calcutta of University of Calcutta. He was member of the Brahmo Samaj.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Political Career:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> He was second Chief Minister of West Bengal and remained in his post for 14 years from 1948 until his death in 1962. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Contributions:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> He was instrumental in formation of Indian Medical Association (IMA) in 1928 and also in establishment of Medical Council of India (MCI). He is often considered architect of West Bengal. As CM, he had founded five cities of West Bengal Bidhannagar, Durgapur, Ashokenagar, Kalyani and Habra.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Honours and Recognitions:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> He was awarded India’s highest civilian award <strong>Bharat Ratna</strong> in 1961. Union Government has instituted National Doctor’s Day in 1991 in his memory. Besides, it also has instituted Dr BC Roy National Award in his memory. </span></span></span></span></li>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of Cooperatives (IDC) is observed on first Saturday of July, ever year across the world to promote co-operative model as it contains core aspects of sustainable development and is based on ethical values and principles. This year it was observed on July 6, 2019 with theme ‘COOPS 4 DECENT WORK’.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Co-operative Day (IDC) was proclaimed as first Saturday of July by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) by adopting resolution 47/90 in December 1992 to mark centenary of establishment of the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA).</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Objective of Day:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It aims to increase awareness of cooperatives. It also underscores contributions of cooperative movement to resolving major problems addressed by UN and to strengthen and extend partnerships between international cooperative movement and other actors.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'metatitle' => 'International Day of Cooperatives 2019: July 6',
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'title' => 'World Population Day: July 11',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Population Day is observed ever year on July 11 across the world to draw attention on urgency and importance of population issue. It also aims to increase awareness on various population issues such as importance of family planning, maternal health, gender equality, poverty and human rights. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Population Day 2019 marks 25 years since landmark International Conference on Population & Development (ICPD) held at Cairo (Egypt) in 1994. This event had marked paradigm shift from earlier policies to one that places individual at centre, and respects choice, rights and empowerment. T</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The 25th anniversary of ICPD is opportune moment for global community to reflect on the progress made in advancing agenda of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights and address remaining challenges.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Population Day was instituted by the then Governing Council of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1989. Later in December 1990, UN General Assembly (UNGA) decided to continue observing World Population Day by adopting resolution 45/216 to enhance awareness of population issues, including their relations to the environment and development. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why July 11?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It was inspired by public interest in Five Billion Day on July 11, 1987. On this date world’s approximate population had reached 5 billion people.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was observed for first time on 11 July 1990 in more than 90 countries. Since then, it is observed annually by number of UN Population Fund (UNFPA) country offices and other organizations and institutions in partnership with governments and civil society.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Concerns:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The world population has grown tremendously over the past years. According to UN, every year about 83 million people are added to world’s population. By 2030, this pace the world population is expected to reach 8.6 billion mark. The growing population possess threat to livelihood and quick depletion of natural resources. It also hampers Sustainable Development. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">10 Most Populous Countries in the World</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">: China (1.4 billion inhabitants,18% of world population), India (1.3 billion,17.7), United States (329 Million), Indonesia (269 million), Brazil (212 million), Pakistan (204 million), Nigeria (200 million), Bangladesh (168 million), Russia (143 million) and Mexico (132 million).</span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Youth Skills Day is observed every year across the world on 15 July to promote youth skills development and abilities. Observance of this day aims to raise awareness about importance of investing in youth skills development. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It also seeks to create more awareness on training and development of skills for youth of today and also create better employment opportunities for the youth. The theme for year 2019 is ‘Learning to learn for life and work’. It seeks to put light on mechanisms needed to operationalise lifelong learning.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">On this day, fourth anniversary of the Skill India Mission was also observed. To mark this day TikTok and National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) collaborated and launched an in-app campaign ‘Skills4All’</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Youth Skills Day was instituted by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in November 2014, to raise awareness about the importance of investing in youth skills development. </span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => '11th DefExpo to be held in Lucknow, UP',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The 11th biennial edition of DefExpo India- 2020 is scheduled to be held in Uttar Pradesh’s capital Lucknow. This will be for the first time UP will host this biennial defence expo. The previous 10th of the expo was held in Chennai in 2018.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About DefExpo India- 2020</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Theme:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> ‘India: The Emerging Defence Manufacturing Hub’.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Special focus:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> ‘Digital Transformation of Defence’. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Features of DefExpo 2020:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> This mega expo will showcase India`s Defence Manufacturing Prowess. It will also provide unique platform for Defence industry Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), exhibitors and private industry to display their latest innovations and capabilities. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will also highlight emergence of UP as attractive destination for investment in the defence sector. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will provide opportunity for Indian defence industry to showcase its capabilities to the world and leverage its potential to export the defence equipment to different parts of the world.</span></span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Uttar Pradesh has strong defence industrial infrastructure, including four units of Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) at Lucknow, Kanpur, Korwa and Naini (Prayagraj), 9 ordnance factory units, including Kanpur, Shahjahanpur, Korwa, Firozabad and one unit of Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) at Ghaziabad. Uttar Pradesh is also set to get one of two proposed Defence Industrial Corridors (DICs) of the country. The corridor will encourage Defence Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and play important role in promoting Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs).</span></span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'National Broadcasting Day: July 23',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The National Broadcasting day is observed every across India on July 23. On this day in 1927, the first ever radio broadcast in India went on air from Bombay Station under private company, the Indian Broadcasting Company. Since then radio has been an important part in people's life in India.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Radio Broadcasting in India </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The radio broadcasting in India was started during the British rule in 1923 under imitative of the Radio Club of Bombay. Later in 1927, IBC which was private entity then was granted permission by then British India Government to operate two radio stations in Mumbai (then Bombay) and Kolkata (then Calcutta). </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Since then, radio had gained immense popularity and also changed the socio-economic life of people. In 1930, then British India Government took over radio broadcasting and started Indian State Broadcasting Service (ISBS). Later on 8th of June, 1936, ISBS became All India Radio (AIR). </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Currently, AIR is one of the largest public broadcasting organisations in the world in terms of the spectrum of socio-economic, the number of languages of broadcasts and cultural diversity it serves. It services at present comprises around 414 stations located across the country with reach to 99.19</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of the total population and 92</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of the country’s area in 23 languages and 146 dialects.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'metatitle' => 'National Broadcasting Day: July 23',
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) celebrated 159th Income Tax Day (Aaykar Diwas) on July 24, 2019. On this occasion, CBDT launched “Kardaata e-Sahyog Abhiyaan” to assist and support taxpayers and other stakeholders in enabling them to e-file their returns and discharge other tax related obligations.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Components of Kardaata e-Sahyog Abhiyaan: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">(i) Facilitation camps for e-filing (ii) Outreach programmes with taxpayers, and e-return preparers (iii) Video conferencing with stakeholders (iv) Training with hands-on experience of taxpayers/stakeholders (v) Hand-holding and enabling taxpayers on IT related matters and related changes in forms/laws/utilities etc.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why 24th July is celebrated as Income Tax Day</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">?</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> On this day in 1860, income tax was introduced for the first time in India by British civil servant Sir James Wilson to compensate for losses incurred by British regime during first war of independence against British Rule. </span></span></span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">20th anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas celebrated on July 26, 2019 across the nation to commemorate success of ''Operation Vijay'' which was launched by Indian Army to recapture strategic Indian territories held by the Pakistani intruders in the Kargil-Drass sector in 1999. The theme for this year’s celebration was ‘Remember, Rejoice and Renew’.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India-Pakistan Kargil War</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It had taken place between May and July of 1999 in Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir. It was started after infiltration of both Pakistani troops and terrorists deep inside Indian territory in strategic positions that overlooked the only road link between Srinagar and Leh.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The conflict is believed to have been orchestrated by then Pakistan army chief General Pervez Musharraf without knowledge Pakistan Government led by then Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Following this illegal infiltration and occupation of strategic positions, Indian Army had launched “Operation Vijay”. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was also supported by Indian Air Force’s operation Safed Sagar. It was for first time air power at height of 32,000 feet.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">This Indo-Pak is always remembered for its strategic and tactical surprises, self-imposed national strategy of restraint in keeping war limited to Kargil - Siachen Sectors and swiftly executed co-ordinated tri-services military strategy and plans.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">This 60-day long war resulted in loss of several lives on both the sides, India eventually won unofficial war by regaining control of all previously held territory, re-establishing status quo ante-bellum.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'World Hepatitis Day: July 28',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Hepatitis Day is being observed every year on July 28 to spread awareness about viral hepatitis. This year’s theme was “Invest in eliminating hepatitis”. The host country for World Hepatitis Day 2019 was Pakistan.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose of World Hepatitis Day</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">To encourage diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Hepatitis.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Provide single global platform to raise awareness about hepatitis and influence real change in disease prevention, testing and treatment. </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Hepatitis Day is one of the 8 official global public health campaigns marked by the World Health Organization (WHO). It was proclaimed by WHO by passing resolution in May 2010, thus providing official endorsement to it. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why 28 July?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> This day was chosen to mark the birth anniversary of Professor Baruch Blumberg who had discovered hepatitis B virus. He was awarded with Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1976) for this discovery and also developing diagnostic test and vaccine for the virus. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Hepatitis </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is an inflammation of the liver which can also progress to fibrosis (scarring), cirrhosis or liver cancer. Its s name has derived from Greek word ‘Hepar’ meaning liver and ‘itis’ meaning inflammation.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Cause:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is mostly caused by group of <em>hepatitis viruses</em>. There are 5 types of hepatitis viz. A, B, C, D and E. Each type is caused by a different hepatitis virus. Hepatitis A and E are caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water (transmitted via oral-faecal route). Hepatitis B, C and D are transmitted through contaminated needles/syringes (particularly among the drug users), unsafe blood transfusions or sexual-transmission or even mother-to-child transmission. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Preventive steps for controlling Hepatitis:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 3.3) eliminating viral hepatitis by 2030calls for. India has included Hepatitis B vaccination under expanded Universal Immunization Programme. Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has launched National Viral Hepatitis Control Programme in collaboration with WHO to eliminate Viral Hepatitis as public health threat by 2030 in the country. </span></span></span></span></p>
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(int) 69 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
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'title' => 'Prime Minister launches nation-wide “Fit India Movement”',
'description' => '<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Context: </strong><span style="background-color:white">The Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi launched the Fit India Movement at a ceremony in New Delhi <strong>on 29/08/2019 on the occasion of National Sports Day.</strong></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white">More:</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none"> </li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white">Launching the people’s movement on the birth anniversary of Major Dhyanchand, Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tributes to Major Dhyanchand, India’s sports icon who enthralled the world with his game and techniques.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white">Launching the people’s movement on the birth anniversary of Major Dhyanchand, Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tributes to Major Dhyanchand, India’s sports icon who enthralled the world with his game and techniques.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white">The Prime Minister <strong>urged the people </strong>of the country <strong>to make fitness their life style.</strong></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white">The Prime Minister said that ‘Fit India Movement’ should <strong>become a national goal and its aspiration. </strong></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white">In an effort to inspire the nation, the Prime Minister said that Fit India Movement may have <strong>been started by the government but it is the people who have to lead it and make it a success.</strong></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white">The Prime Minister said that people in any profession can make themselves efficient in their profession if they are mentally and physical fit. </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white">“<strong>Swasth vyakti, swasth parivar aur swasth samaj, yahi naye Bharat ko shresth Bharat banane ka raasta hai.</strong> Today, on National Sports Day we pledge to strengthen the Fit India Movement”, the Prime Minister said.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'id' => (int) 6468,
'title' => 'Operation Trident',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">On December 4, India celebrates Navy Day to recognize the achievements and role of the Indian Navy during 1971 Bangladesh liberation war.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">December 4 is celebrated as Navy Day to commemorate the decisive naval action by the Indian Naval ships on Karachi Port.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Operation Trident was an offensive operation launched by the Indian Navy on Pakistan's port city of Karachi during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The attack was successful as it sank a minesweeper, a destroyer, and an ammunition supply ship. The Indian Navy planned the attack at night as Pakistan did not have aircraft that could carry out bombings at night.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Indian attack consisted of 3 Vidyut class missile boats, 2 anti-submarines, and a tanker. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">After the operation, there were no casualties from India, though 5 Pakistani sailors and over 700 men were injured. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Indian Navy's three warships -- INS Nipat, INS Nirghat, and INS Veer -- played an important role in the attack.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A strike group under Western Naval Command was formed for this mission. This strike group was to be based around the three Vidyut-class missile boats already deployed off the coast of Okha.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">INS Nipat perhaps did the biggest damage by taking down the Kemari oil storage tanks with the missile hitting its target. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The oil tank was hit causing an acute shortage for Pakistani vessels disabling their economic link and their ability to fight back.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">India launched Operation Python in order to repel any Pakistani retaliation. India did not suffer any casualties even as Pakistani ships launched an attack and a Pakistani tanker was destroyed.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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(int) 71 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Days & Dates',
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'id' => (int) 6603,
'title' => 'Choosing Republic Day guest',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Prime Minister Boris Johnson of the United Kingdom will be the <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/boris-johnson-chief-guest-india-republic-day-celebrations-7105782/" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline">Chief Guest at the forthcoming Republic Day parade</a>. </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Johnson will be the sixth leader from the UK to be Chief Guest at the Republic Day celebrations. The last British leader to be Chief Guest was Prime Minister John Major in 1993.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Significance of honour</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While the visit of the Chief Guest at the Republic Day parade is similar to a State visit by any foreign high dignitary, it is the highest honour that India accords to a guest in protocol terms.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Chief Guest is given the ceremonial guard of honour at Rashtrapati Bhavan, he attends the reception in the evening hosted by the President of India, he lays a wreath at Rajghat, there is a banquet in his honour, a lunch hosted by the Prime Minister, and calls by the Vice-President and the External Affairs Minister.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It portrays the Chief Guest as participating in India’s pride and happiness, and reflects the friendship between the two peoples represented by the President of India and the Chief Guest.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Choosing the guest</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government extends its invitation to a Head of State or Government after careful consideration. This process commences almost six months ahead of Republic Day.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) considers a number of issues, the most important of which is the nature of India’s relationship with the country concerned.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Other factors include political, economic, and commercial relations, the neighbourhood, military cooperation, prominence in regional groupings, or past association in the Non Aligned Movement, common struggle against apartheid, and the domination of the developed countries.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The MEA seeks the Prime Minister’s approval, after which the clearance of Rashtrapati Bhavan is sought. Thereafter, India’s ambassadors in the concerned countries try to ascertain discreetly the potential Chief Guests’ programme and availability for Republic Day.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Protocol Chief explains to his counterpart from the visitor’s side the detailed programme which, for the Republic Day ceremonies, has to be followed minute-by-minute with military precision.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Once everything has been sorted out, India sends a formal invitation to the concerned guest for attending the Republic Day parade as the chief-guest, which is accepted immediately.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Prime Minister Boris Johnson of the United Kingdom will be the <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/boris-johnson-chief-guest-india-republic-day-celebrations-7105782/" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline">Chief Guest at the forthcoming Republic Day parade</a>. </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Johnson will be the sixth leader from the UK to be Chief Guest at the Republic Day celebrations. The last British leader to be Chief Guest was Prime Minister John Major in 1993.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Significance of honour</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While the visit of the Chief Guest at the Republic Day parade is similar to a State visit by any foreign high dignitary, it is the highest honour that India accords to a guest in protocol terms.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Chief Guest is given the ceremonial guard of honour at Rashtrapati Bhavan, he attends the reception in the evening hosted by the President of India, he lays a wreath at Rajghat, there is a banquet in his honour, a lunch hosted by the Prime Minister, and calls by the Vice-President and the External Affairs Minister.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It portrays the Chief Guest as participating in India’s pride and happiness, and reflects the friendship between the two peoples represented by the President of India and the Chief Guest.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Choosing the guest</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government extends its invitation to a Head of State or Government after careful consideration. This process commences almost six months ahead of Republic Day.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) considers a number of issues, the most important of which is the nature of India’s relationship with the country concerned.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Other factors include political, economic, and commercial relations, the neighbourhood, military cooperation, prominence in regional groupings, or past association in the Non Aligned Movement, common struggle against apartheid, and the domination of the developed countries.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The MEA seeks the Prime Minister’s approval, after which the clearance of Rashtrapati Bhavan is sought. Thereafter, India’s ambassadors in the concerned countries try to ascertain discreetly the potential Chief Guests’ programme and availability for Republic Day.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Protocol Chief explains to his counterpart from the visitor’s side the detailed programme which, for the Republic Day ceremonies, has to be followed minute-by-minute with military precision.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Once everything has been sorted out, India sends a formal invitation to the concerned guest for attending the Republic Day parade as the chief-guest, which is accepted immediately.</span></span></p>
</li>
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The theme for year 2019 is <strong>"Investment in Women and Girls in Science for Inclusive Green Growth".</strong></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Celebration of this day is led by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and UN-Women, in collaboration with institutions and civil society partners that promote women and girls' access to and participation in science.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Gender Gap in STEM</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Significant gender gap persists in all levels of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) disciplines all over the world.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">At present, less than 30% of researchers worldwide are women. According to UNESCO data (2014-16), only around 30% of all female students select STEM-related fields in higher education. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Globally, female students’ enrolment is particularly low in scientific research fields. Long-standing biases and gender stereotypes are steering girls and women away from science related fields.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Gender equality has always been a core issue for UN. Gender equality and empowerment of women and girls will make crucial contribution in economic development of world and also progress across all goals and targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs).</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">International Day of Women and Girls in Science observed on 11 February was instituted by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) by adopting resolution A/RES/70/212 in December 2015 to recognize critical role played by women and girls in science and technology. Purpose of instituting this day was to achieve full and equal access to and participation in science for women and girls, and further achieve gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls.</span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-day-women-girls-science', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4feb/m6i4cly2il426y46g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4feb/m6i4cly2il426y46g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Day of Women and Girls in Science', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, International Day of Women and Girls in Science is observed every year on February 11 to promote gender equality and encourage girls and women to pursue careers in science and research.', 'metadescription' => 'International Day of Women and Girls in Science is observed every year on February 11 to promote gender equality and encourage girls and women to pursue careers in science and research.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/kp9589xg6wqr93f/12feb_International_Day_of_Women.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 138, 'title' => 'National Productivity Day observed in February 12', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">National Productivity Day is observed every year in India on February 12 to mark establishment of National Productivity Council (NPC). The theme for this year is “<strong><em>Circular Economy for Productivity & Sustainability</em></strong>” which represents unique opportunity for circular business models for Make-Use-Return.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">This year it was 61st Foundation Day of NPC. Besides, February 12-18 was observed as National Productivity week throughout the country. The main observance of day was organised by NPC for encouraging all stakeholders in implementation of productivity tools and techniques with contemporary relevant themes. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">What is Circular economy?</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It follows principle of preservation and enhancement of natural capital by controlling finite stocks and balancing renewable resource flows. It is aimed at minimising waste and making most of resources.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It is alternative to traditional linear economy (make, use, dispose). In it, resources are used for as long as possible, maximum value is extracted from them and at the end of their service life, its products and materials are recovered and regenerated.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It works by extending product life span through improved design and servicing and relocating waste from end of supply chain to beginning – in effect, using resources more efficiently by using them over and over. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It presents opportunity for long term economic prospects and regeneration of materials. It has potential to increase productivity and create jobs, reduce carbon emissions and preserve valuable raw materials. </span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">National Productivity Council (NPC)</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It national level autonomous organization under Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (earlier DIPP), Ministry of Commerce & Industry to promote productivity culture in India. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It was established as registered society in February 1958 by Central Government as mission oriented apex organization to stimulate and promote cause of productivity in all sectors of the Indian economy.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It is tri-partite non-profit organization (NGO) with equal representation from government, employers and workers’ organizations. It is headquartered in New Delhi.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It also has representatives from professional and technical institutions including members from local productivity councils and chamber of commerce on its Governing Body. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"quicksand",serif">It is constituent of Tokyo based Asian Productivity Organization (APO), an inter-governmental body of which India is founder member and also implements productivity promotion schemes of Government.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'national-productivity-day', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e9e3/9dagdzqme1fmpzn6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e9e3/9dagdzqme1fmpzn6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'National Productivity Day is observed every year India on Feb 12', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, National Productivity Day, observed on February 12, mark establishment of National Productivity Council. Theme Circular Economy for Productivity & Sustainability', 'metadescription' => 'National Productivity Day is observed every year in India on February 12 to mark the establishment of National Productivity Council (NPC)', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/xw7tmpb5s9qy5fg/13feb_National_Productivity_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 320, 'title' => 'April 2019-March 2020: Construction-Technology year', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared 'April 2019-March 2020' as Construction-Technology year in a bid to increase use of modern technology in the construction sector. He made this announcement after inaugurated of Construction Technology India-2019 Expo-cum-conference in New Delhi</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Construction-Technology year (April 2019-March 2020)</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It seeks to give emphasises to the important role of advanced technology to meet the increasing demand for housing in the country caused by rapid urbanization.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It also aims to give housing sector new pace by using latest technologies available in the world. This in long run will lead to integration of modern technology in housing and construction sector which make it more dynamic and vibrant.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">PM Modi also launched </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">GHTC-India mobile application: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is interactive platform for all stakeholders for exchange of knowledge on innovation and alternative housing technologies. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">3rd edition of Vulnerability Atlas of India: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is collation of the existing hazard scenario of the entire country.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Construction Technology India-2019</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was aimed at identifying innovative and globally established technologies that can be used in the Indian context. It was organised by Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It provided common platform to developers, academia, technology providers, researchers etc.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Technologies identified during this event will be invited to design and build lighthouse projects of around one thousand affordable housing units each in seven states viz. Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">India is among the few countries where demand for houses is increasing at rapid pace due to urbanization. Government has given major thrust on affordable housing to meet growing housing demand and also has brought changes in laws governing real estate sector. Government is implementing programmes such as Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana, National Urban Livelihoods Mission, HRIDAY, AMRUT and Smart Cities to facilitate urgent needs of country's fast urbanization.</span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'april-2019-march-2020-construction-technology-year', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/aabe/t0571wsxv8z2hc86g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/aabe/t0571wsxv8z2hc86g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'April 2019-March 2020: Construction-Technology year', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, declares, April 2019-March 2020, Construction-Technology year, increase use of modern technology in the construction sector.', 'metadescription' => 'Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared 'April 2019-March 2020' as Construction-Technology year in a bid to increase use of modern technology in the construction sector.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/8sj0oebg0ifn2cg/4Mar_April_2019-March_2020.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 285, 'title' => 'National Science Day: 28th February', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">National Science Day is observed every year in India on 28th February with an objective to spread message of importance of science and its application among the people. This year theme of National Science Day is ‘<em>Science for people and people for science’</em>.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance of Day</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is observed to mark discovery of Raman effect (inelastic scattering of light) by Physicist CV Raman on 28th February, 1928. For this discovery, he was awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 (second Indian after Rabindranath Tagore, who was awarded Nobel Prize in Literature in 1930). </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">National Science Day</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was instituted by Central Government in 1986 based on demand of National Council for Science and Technology Communication. It was observed for first time on 28 February 1987. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Purpose:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> (i) Spread message about importance of science used in daily life of people and popularise science and technology. (ii) Provide opportunity to scientific-minded citizens in country to showcase their work in organized shows. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Raman effect </span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is change in wavelength of light that occurs when light beam is deflected by molecules after passing through transparent medium. The wavelength of these scattered rays is different from that of incident rays of light. It is caused by inelastic scattering of photon (with energy proportional to frequency) by molecules which are excited to higher vibrational or rotational energy levels. It forms basis for Raman spectroscopy which is used by chemists and physicists to gain information about materials. </span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'national-science-day-28th-february', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ba40/r8256umdc4u833q6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ba40/r8256umdc4u833q6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'National Science Day: 28th February | STUDYIQ Current Affairs', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, National Science Day, 28th February, Raman Effect, CV Raman, Theme, Science for people and people for science', 'metadescription' => 'National Science Day is observed every year in India on 28th February with an objective to spread message of importance of science and its application among people', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/yxoh7haj7ferjwa/28feb_National_Science_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 218, 'title' => 'February 21: International Mother Language Day', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The International Mother Language Day (IMLD) is observed every year across the world on 21 February to promote awareness of linguistic, multilingualism and cultural diversity. This year it is 19th anniversary of IMLD. Theme for year 2019 is “<strong><em>Indigenous languages matter for development, peace building and reconciliation</em></strong>”.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance of day: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It highlights importance of mother language as the greatest weapon to express one’s feeling. Mother Language of particular country is sign of independence of that country. It reminds us about words that connect us, empower us and help us communicate our feelings to others.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">There are 7,000 languages in the world. According to Census 2001, India alone has about 22 officially recognised languages, 1635 rationalised mother tongues, 234 identifiable mother tongues. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">International Mother Language Day was first observed in 1999 by UNESCO. It was officially instituted by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) by passing resolution 61/266 in 2007 to promote preservation and protection of all languages used by peoples of the world. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Since 2007, this day is observed annually by member states to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The idea to celebrate this was initiative of Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, 21 February is the anniversary of the day when Bangladeshis fought for recognition for Bangla language.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Bangladesh’s Language Movement</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">On this day in 1952, scores of people (activists), mostly students and teachers of the Dhaka University, were mercilessly shot down by the Pakistani army in erstwhile East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The activists had protested against imposition of Urdu as national language by side-stepping Bengali – their mother tongue. This protest came to be known as Language Movement.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-mother-language-day', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9468/apemciwuh6baqax6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9468/apemciwuh6baqax6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Mother Language Day observed on February 21', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, International Mother Language Day (IMLD) is observed every year across the world on 21 February to promote awareness of linguistic, multilingualism and cultural diversity.', 'metadescription' => 'International Mother Language Day (IMLD) is observed every year across the world on 21 February to promote awareness of linguistic, multilingualism and cultural diversity.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/it799bc3p4khpxu/21feb_February_21.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 369, 'title' => '7th March 2019 celebrated as Janaushadhi Diwas ', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Union Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers has decided to celebrate 7th March 2019 as <strong>Janaushadhi Diwas </strong>across the country. Observance of this day aims at providing further impetus and create awareness about use of generic medicines provided under Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP). It also seeks to highlight initiatives undertaken by Government in direction of making quality healthcare affordable for all like Ayushman Bharat, Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) etc. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It aims to make available high-quality medicines to all at affordable prices, especially to poor and underprivileged in order to reduce out of pocket expenses in healthcare.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It makes quality drugs available at affordable prices through special kendras known as Jan Aushadhi Medical store. Government aims to have atleast one such Kendra in each block of the country by 2020.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These are dedicated stores for selling generic medicines, which are available at lesser prices but are equivalent in quality and efficacy as expensive branded drugs.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Objectives:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> (i) Promote greater awareness about cost effective genric drugs and their prescription. (ii) Make available unbranded quality generic medicines at affordable prices through public-private partnership (PPP) (iii) Encourage doctors, more specifically in government hospital to prescribe generic medicines. (iv) Enable substantial savings in health care, especially in case of poor patients and those suffering from chronic ailments requiring long periods of drug use. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Implementation:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It is implanted by Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP), Union Ministry of Fertilizers and Chemicals. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">DoP has established </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Bureau of Pharma Public Sector Undertakings of India (BPPI) with support of all CPSUs for co-coordinating procurement, supply and marketing of generic drugs under this scheme.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Performance of Scheme</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Over 5050 Janaushadhi stores functional across 652 districts in the country. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Around 10-15 lakh people have benefited from generic medicines per day.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Market share of generic medicines has grown over three fold from 2% to 7% in last 3 years. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has played big role in bringing down the out of pocket expenditure of patients suffering from life threatening diseases in India. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It has led to total savings of approximately Rs.1000 crores for common citizens, as these medicines are cheaper by 50% to 90% of average market price.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => '7th-march-celebrated-janaushadhi-diwas ', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9b4c/27k7puxg3o2419a6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9b4c/27k7puxg3o2419a6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => '7th March 2019 celebrated as Janaushadhi Diwas | STUDYIQ Today GK', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, celebrate, 7th March 2019, Janaushadhi Diwas,Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana', 'metadescription' => 'Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers has decided to celebrate 7th March 2019 as Janaushadhi Diwas across the country. Get Daily Current Affairs information free with us', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/yuce60vrw0l8261/7Mar_7th_March_2019_celebrated.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 392, 'title' => '8 March: International Women's Day', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">International Women's Day is observed every year across world on March 8 to highlight achievements of women while calling for greater gender equality. It aims to empower women in all settings (rural and urban) and celebrate work of individuals and organisations that constantly to assert women’s rights and realise their full potential. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme for year 2019 is ‘<strong><em>Think equal, build smart, innovate for change’</em></strong>. It focuses on innovative ways to advance gender equality and empower women, particularly in areas of social protection, access to public services and sustainable infrastructure.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This day also provide opportunity to achieve <strong>goal 4</strong> (ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning) and <strong>goal 5</strong> (achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls) of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">International Women's Day (IWD) </span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was proclaimed by United Nations during International Women’s Year 1975. It was officially announced through UN General Assembly (UNGA) resolution adopted in 1977 which declared March 8 as United Nations Day for Women’s Rights and International Peace.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Note:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Charter of the United Nations, signed in 1945, was first international agreement to affirm principle of equality between women and men. Since then, UN has created historic legacy of internationally-agreed strategies, standards, programmes and goals to advance the status of women worldwide.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action: It is </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">historic roadmap signed by 189 governments, envisions world where each woman and girl can exercise her choices, such as participating in politics, getting education, having income, and living in societies free from violence and discrimination. It focuses on 12 critical areas of concern.</span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-womens-day-8-march', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e34b/jm0wib3g4jl4gbj6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e34b/jm0wib3g4jl4gbj6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => '8 March: International Women's Day | International Current Affair', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, International Women's Day is observed every year across world on March 8 to highlight achievements of women while calling for greater gender equality.', 'metadescription' => 'International Women's Day is observed every year across world on March 8 to highlight achievements of women while calling for greater gender equality.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/odjctj6lctfnn8z/8Mar_8_March.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 511, 'title' => 'World Sparrow Day observed on 20 March', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The world sparrow day (WSD) is observed every year on March 20 to raise awareness of house sparrow and other common birds in urban environments and educated people about threats to their populations. Observance of this say seeks to provide platform to underscore need to conserve sparrows as well as the urban biodiversity. The theme of 2019 WSD is “I love sparrows”. It hopes that more and more people celebrate the relationship between People And Sparrows.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Declining Population </span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The sparrow, especially common house sparrow is one of oldest companions of human beings. In last few years its population is declining for various reasons such as destruction of its habitat, lack of insect food for young and increasing microwave pollution from mobile phone towers. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World sparrow day (WSD)</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is international initiative of Nature Forever Society of India (NFSI), Eco-Sys Action Foundation (France) and also numerous other national and international organisations across the world. The first WSD was organised in 2010 across different parts of the world.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In 2012, Delhi Government had launched campaign “Rise of Sparrows” aimed at conservation of House Sparrow. It was also declared as ‘state bird’ of Delhi for its conservation.</span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-sparrow-day-observed-20-march', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4f35/rnppprp5fa09l746g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4f35/rnppprp5fa09l746g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Sparrow Day observed on 20 March', 'metakeyword' => 'In Day and Events Current Affairs, world sparrow day (WSD),March 20, raise awareness of house sparrow, other common birds,urban environments', 'metadescription' => 'The world sparrow day (WSD) is observed every year on March 20 to raise awareness of house sparrow and other common birds in urban environments ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/depd258jg38t2nw/20_Mar_World_Sparrow_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 524, 'title' => 'International Day of Forests observed on 21 March', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The International Day of Forests is observed annually on 21 March to raise awareness of importance of forests to people. It also seeks to highlight vital role played by forests in poverty eradication, environmental sustainability and food security. The theme for year 2019 is “<strong><em>Forests and Education</em></strong>”. It seeks to raise awareness on how sustainably managed forests provide wide array of contributions in this area. It will also provide opportunity to highlight specific forest contributions to 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Sustainable Development Goals).</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">International Day of Forests was proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) by adopting resolution A/RES/67/200 in November 2012. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The resolution encourages all Member States to organize activities for creating awareness relating to all types of forests.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The first International Day of Forests was observed on 21 March 2013 and since then it is observed annually.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme for each International Day of Forests is chosen by <strong><em>Collaborative Partnership on Forests.</em></strong></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF) </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is informal, voluntary arrangement among 14 international organizations and secretariats with substantial programmes on forests. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was established in April 2001. It is chaired by Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and is serviced by the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) Secretariat.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It aims to promote sustainable management of all types of forests and to strengthen long-term political commitment to this end. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its objectives are to support work of UNFF and its member countries and to enhance cooperation and coordination on forest issues.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It provides common platform to its member organisations to streamline and align their work and to find ways of improving forest management and conservation and the production and trade of forest products.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-day-of-forests-observed-21-march', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1c11/vat16pg60pwjzkm6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1c11/vat16pg60pwjzkm6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Day of Forests observed on 21 March', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, International Day of Forests, observed, on 21 March, raise awareness, importance of forests, 2019 theme ', 'metadescription' => 'The International Day of Forests is observed annually on 21 March to raise awareness of importance of forests to people', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/oz1xt8lt4hgfdg2/International_Day_of_Forests.pdf', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 521, 'title' => 'World Water Day observed on March 22', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The World Water Day (WWD) is observed on 22 March every year to spread message of preservation and rationaal consumption of water. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme for WWD 2019 is ‘<em>Leaving no one behind’</em>. It aims to encourages people to consider marginalized groups as these are often overlooked and discriminated against when they try to access safe water. It is according to central promise of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Importance of Day</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is annual United Nations observance day that highlights importance of freshwater. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also used to advocate for sustainable management of freshwater resources.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It seeks to highlight importance of universal access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities in developing countries. </span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Water Day was formally proclaimed in Agenda 21 of United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Later, UN General Assembly (UNGA) accepted recommendation of UNCED and established this day by adopting resolution A/RES/47/193 in December 1992. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The first WWD was celebrated in 1993. Since then, it is observed annually to draw attention on the importance of freshwater and its sustainable management.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">United Nations-Water (UN-Water) is convener for World Water Day and every year selects new theme in consultation with UN organizations that share an interest in that year's focus.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">UN-Water coordinates efforts of various United Nations entities and international organizations working on water and sanitation issues.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-water-day-observed-march-22', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ca57/u51e18dtwd6cg4o6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ca57/u51e18dtwd6cg4o6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Water Day observed on March 22', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, World Water Day (WWD), observed, 22 March,spread message, preservation and rationaal consumption of water. ', 'metadescription' => 'The World Water Day (WWD) is observed on 22 March every year to spread message of preservation and rationaal consumption of water. ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/nbg3gcp3syzlkpz/World_Water_Day_observed.pdf', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 537, 'title' => 'World TB day observed on 24 March', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Tuberculosis Day (WTD) is observed annually on March 24 to raise public awareness about global epidemic of Tuberculosis (TB) and its devastating health, social and economic consequences and higlight efforts to eliminate the disease. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance of day</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It commemorates discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacillus (bacteria) causing TB on 24th March, 1882 by German microbiologist Robert Koch. This opened way towards diagnosing and curing TB. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme of 2019 World TB Day is ‘<strong>It’s time’</strong>. It seeks to put accent on urgency to act on commitments made by global leaders to scale up access to prevention and treatment, ensure sufficient and sustainable financing including for research, build accountability, promote an end to discrimination and stigma and promote equitable, rights-based and people-centered TB response.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Tuberculosis Day (WTD)</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is one of eight official global public health campaigns observed by World Health Organization (WHO). Observance of this day seeks to create awareness among all the stakeholders about the disease and the challenges associated with its control. It also seeks to mobilize political and social commitment for accelerate progress to end TB.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Tuberculosis (TB) </span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is disease caused by bacteria “Mycobacterium tuberculosis” that most often affect the lungs. It spreads through the air from person to person by coughing, sneezing, and talking or by touching surface with infected saliva or mucus.. It commonly affects lungs and also may affect other parts of the body. </span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-tb-day-observed-24-march', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0705/dlg6da5cfkfc9c56g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0705/dlg6da5cfkfc9c56g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World TB day observed on 24 March', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, World TB day, 24 March, 2019 Theme, discovery, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacillus (bacteria), German microbiologist, Robert Koch ', 'metadescription' => 'World Tuberculosis Day (WTD) is observed annually on March 24 to raise public awareness about global epidemic of Tuberculosis ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/hydrolgubjund6a/World_TB_day_observed_on_24_March.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 544, 'title' => 'World Meteorological Day observed on 23 March', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The World Meteorological Day (WMD) is observed every year on 23 March to mark coming into force of Convention establishing World Meteorological Organization (WMO) on 23 March 1950. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme for WMD 2019 is “The Sun, the Earth and the Weather”. It recognises critical role played Sun in functioning of Earth. Sun delivers energy that powers all life on Earth. It drives weather, ocean currents and hydrological cycle. It shapes our mood and our daily activities. It is inspiration for music, photography and art.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Meteorological Organization (WMO)</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is intergovernmental organization of 192 member states and Territories. Its supreme body is World Meteorological Congress.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It originated from International Meteorological Organization (IMO), the roots of which were planted at 1873 Vienna International Meteorological Congress. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was established by ratification of WMO Convention on 23 March 1950. Its is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In 1951, it became specialised agency of United Nations for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Meteorological Day:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> WMO has been celebrating World Meteorological Day since 1961 with a different theme selected for each year. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its observance aims to showcases essential contribution of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services to safety and wellbeing of society.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The themes chosen for this day chosen every year reflect topical weather, climate or water-related issues. </span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-meteorological-day-observed-23-march', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a1bd/y6vr0dw4bau04436g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a1bd/y6vr0dw4bau04436g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Meteorological Day observed on 23 March', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, World Meteorological Day (WMD), observed, 23 March,, Convention ,establishing, World Meteorological Organization (WMO', 'metadescription' => 'The World Meteorological Day (WMD) is observed year on 23 March to mark coming into force of Convention establishing World Meteorological Organization (WMO', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/cdd2fcfckb8h7le/World_Meteorological_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 736, 'title' => 'National Safe Motherhood Day observed on 11th April', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The National Safe Motherhood Day is observed every year in India on 11th April to enforce that women have availability and adequate access to care during Pregnancy childbirth and postnatal services. The theme for year 2019 was ‘Midwives for Mothers’.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In 2003, Government of India had declared 11th April as National Safe Motherhood Day at request of The White Ribbon Alliance (WRAI), an alliance of 1800 organizations. This date was selected as it is birth anniversary of Kasturba Gandhi, wife of Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi, the father of the nation. India is first country in the world to officially declare National Safe Motherhood Day. Every year WRAI select theme for this observance of this day. On this day several activities are organized to increase awareness and full-scale campaigns are organized throughout the country. The of goal these campaigns is to ensure that every woman has right to live and has safe motherhood, eliminating the pre and post pregnancy risks.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'national-safe-motherhood-day-observed-11th-april', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/6f38/qmlbibk7qmbkza16g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/6f38/qmlbibk7qmbkza16g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'National Safe Motherhood Day observed on 11th April', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, National Safe Motherhood Day, observed, India, 11th April,women, adequate access,care, Pregnancy childbirth,postnatal service', 'metadescription' => 'The National Safe Motherhood Day is observed every year in India on 11th April to enforce that women have availability and adequate access to care during Pregnancy childbirth and postnatal service', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/5827lllrsm6fh8u/National_Safe_Motherhood.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 719, 'title' => 'International Convention on World Homoeopathy Day held in New Delhi', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">International Convention on World Homoeopathy Day to deliberate on linking education and clinical practice with research was held in New Delhi. It was organised by Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH), an autonomous research organisation, Ministry of AYUSH.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Homoeopathy Day </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is observed every year on April 10 to commemorate birth anniversary of the founder and father of Homoeopathy system of medicine, Dr. Christian Fredrich Samuel Hahnemann. It seeks to spread more knowledge about Homoeopathy as form of medicine in mainstream public health. This year it is 264th birth anniversary of founder of Dr. Hahnemann. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Homeopathy </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is system of medicine was developed by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann in Germany in 1796. It has emerged as second most widely used treatment, adapted by most of the doctors of the world.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It uses unique way of treatment by stimulating body’s own healing power. It is seen as alternative to standard medicine system. Its entire concept is different to other conventional forms of medicines. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is widely popular across the world and is recognized in India to cure the diseases worldwide. It has been integrated into national health care system.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-convention-world-homoeopathy-day', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9e73/vjvrr7e2y4jwhv76g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9e73/vjvrr7e2y4jwhv76g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Convention on World Homoeopathy Day', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, International Convention on World Homoeopathy Day', 'metadescription' => 'International Convention on World Homoeopathy Day to deliberate on linking education and clinical practice with research was held in New Delhi', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/11v1g57wgn1cddw/International_Convention.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 14 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 704, 'title' => 'Prevention of Blindness Week 2019 celebrated', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) celebrated Prevention of Blindness Week 2019 from 1st April 2 to 7th April. It was aimed at increasing awareness towards blind people, their struggles and to understand value of eyes for them across country. It was focused on detection, cure and treatment of eye diseases. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">2019 Campaign</span></span></span></span></strong></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">For this year, MoHFW and World Health Organisation (WHO) together launched campaign “Vision 2020: The Right to Sight” to prevent blindness. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It aims at paying attention to various risk factors that leads to eye injuries which cause visual impairment. It also seeks to educate people about possible eye problems in periodic eye checkup from an ophthalmologist or eye clinics.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Under this campaign, people and children in schools and villages, will be educated about importance of eye hygiene.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">As per WHO<strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> </span></span></strong>report, out of 37 million blind people worldwide, 10 million are from India who are majorly bling due to deficiency of vitamin and another nutritional requirement. This deficiency combined with high prevalence of cataract, which had put many Indians at risk of blindness. Out of 10,000 people born in India, 7 of them have eye-related problems and every year numbers of blind children are increasing due to nutritional deficiencies. The major causes of blindness are trachoma, vitamin A deficiency, malnutrition,cataract, shortage of optometrists and donated eye. Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan are most affected Indian states with blindness.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Note:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> The first Prevention of Blindness Week was held in 1960 and was launched by then (first) Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and first health minister of India Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'prevention-blindness-week-2019-celebrated', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/cb6b/5u4t8ombmd686466g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/cb6b/5u4t8ombmd686466g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Prevention of Blindness Week 2019 celebrated', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, Prevention of Blindness Week 2019, ', 'metadescription' => 'Prevention of Blindness Week 2019 from 1st April to 7th April aimed at increasing awareness towards blind people', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/cc4o55t4h6823p6/Prevention_of_Blindness.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 15 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 703, 'title' => 'World Health Day observed on 7 April', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The World Health Day (WHD) is observed every year on 7 April to commemorate establishment of World Health Organization (WHO) on this day in 1948.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Significance this day </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It aims at disseminating knowledge and awareness about human health, increasing life expectancy by adding good health to lives of people by promoting healthier living habits across globe.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Provide unique opportunity to mobilize action around specific health topic of concern to people all over the world<strong>. </strong></span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">2019 Theme</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme for this year is “Universal health coverage”. It seeks to ensure that everyone can obtain care they need, when they need it, right in heart of the community. It also reminds world leaders that everyone should be able to access the health care they need, when and where they need it. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Health Day </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is marked by WHO on 7 April to celebrate its founding in 1948. On this day in 1948, first World Health Assembly was held Geneva, Switzerland, which had decided to celebrate 7 April of each year with effect from 1950 as the World Health Day.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is one of eight official global public health campaigns marked by WHO along with World Tuberculosis Day, World Malaria Day, World Immunization Week, World AIDS Day, World Blood Donor Day, World No Tobacco Day, and World Hepatitis Day. </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Health Organization (WHO) </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is specialized agency of UN that acts as coordinating authority on international public health. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was established on 7 April 1948, it succeeded the Health Organization, which was an agency of League of Nations. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It is member of United Nations Development Group (UNDG). </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its flag features the Rod of Asclepius as a symbol for healing.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-health-day-observed-7-april', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/fa58/dd6b3kvbyiege6c6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/fa58/dd6b3kvbyiege6c6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Health Day | World Health Day observed on 7 April - StudyIQ', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, World Health Day, WHD, 7 April, commemorate, establishment, World Health Organization, WHO,1948, Theme, Universal Health Coverage', 'metadescription' => 'World Health Day (WHD) is observed every year on 7 April to commemorate establishment of World Health Organization (WHO) on this day in 1948.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/zbk1qd0s8bsdezz/World_Health_Day_observed.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 16 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 696, 'title' => '5 April: National Maritime Day', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The National Maritime Day (NMD) is observed every year on 5 April to commemorate maiden voyage of the first Indian owned ship “SS Loyalty” on this day 1919 from Mumbai to UK. This year it was 56th edition of NMD. Its theme was "Indian Ocean-An Ocean of opportunity".</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">SS Loyalty</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was the first ship of Scindia Steam Navigation Company Ltd. It had sailed from Bombay to London on 5th April 1919. It was historical moment in Indian shipping history as sea routes during that time were controlled by British. It had marked red letter day in maritime history of modern India as it was known for its seafaring abilities since ancient days. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The NMD is being observed annually since 1964. Its purpose is to illustrate awareness in supporting intercontinental commerce and global economy as the most well-organized, safe and sound, environmentally responsive approach of transporting goods from one corner to another corner of the world.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Varuna Award</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is highest award to recognize and persons for their sustained and outstanding contribution to maritime sector. It was instituted by Government (Ministry of Shipping) in 2018. It consist of statue of Lord Varuna and Citation. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Note: </span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Maritime Day (WMD) is observed every year on September 29 to highlight the importance of shipping safety, maritime security and the marine environment.</span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => '5-april-national-maritime-day', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d397/usl6348bl1j87u16g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d397/usl6348bl1j87u16g.jpg', 'metatitle' => '5 April: National Maritime Day | National Maritime Day (NMD)', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, National Maritime Day, observed, every year, 5 April, commemorate, maiden voyage, first Indian owned ship, SS Loyalty, Mumbai', 'metadescription' => 'The National Maritime Day (NMD) is observed every year on 5 April to commemorate maiden voyage of the first Indian owned ship “SS Loyalty†on this day 1919 from Mumbai to UK', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/62bu2h06gchhqa9/5_April.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 17 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 759, 'title' => 'International Day of Human Space Flight: 12 April', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The International Day of Human Space Flight is observed every year on 12th April to commemorate the date of the first human space flight in the history of mankind. On this day in 1961, Soviet Union (USSR) cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin had successfully undertaken first successful first human space flight. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Gagarin had made one orbit around Earth in over 108 minutes onboard of Vostok 3KA spacecraft which was launched by Vostok-K launch vehicle. This historic event opened way for space exploration for the benefit of all humanity. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In Russia and former USSR countries, this historic scientific feat is celebrated as Cosmonautics Day. 2019 is the 58th anniversary of First Human Space Flight. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background </span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">International Day of Human Space Flight on 12 April was proclaimed by United Nations (UN) after UN General Assembly (UN) had adopted resolution A/RES/65/271 on 7 April 2011. The purpose of this day is to celebrate beginning of the space era for mankind. It also seeks to reaffirm important contribution of space science and technology in well-being of peoples and states, in achieving sustainable development goals and to maintain outer space for peaceful purposes. </span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'internationalday-human-space-flight-12-april', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/eda4/0fybyyhvq55pfqm6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/eda4/0fybyyhvq55pfqm6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Day of Human Space Flight: 12 April', 'metakeyword' => 'International Day of Human Space Flight,12th April, commemorate, date, first human space flight, history of mankind', 'metadescription' => 'International Day of Human Space Flight observed on 12 April to commemorate the date of the first human space flight in the history of mankind', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/s67q1xs333ut3ib/International_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 18 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 780, 'title' => 'April 18: World Heritage Day', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The World Heritage Day is observed every year on April 18. The day is also known as International Day for Monuments and Sites. This day is celebrated to raise awareness about diversity of cultural heritage, monuments, its relevance, and show how vulnerable they are and highlights needs and benefits of their conservation. The theme for year 2019 is Rural Landscapes. It is linked to theme of 2019 <strong>International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) </strong>Scientific Symposium on Rural heritage which will take place in October 2019 in Marrakesh, Morocco.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Heritage Day was announced by ICOMOS in 1982. It was officially approved by General Assembly of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1983, with aim of enhancing awareness about importance of cultural heritage, monuments and to conserve them. There are total 37 (1 mixed, 7 Natural and 29 Cultural) UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India having special cultural or physical significance.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) </span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is global monument conservation body dedicated to promoting application of theory, methodology and scientific techniques for conservation of architectural and archaeological heritage across the world. It also acts as advisory body to UNESCO for cultural heritage, in particular for implementation of World Heritage Convention. It was established on principles set in Venice Charter, also known as 1964 International Charter on Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites. It is headquartered in Paris, France.</span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'april-18-world-heritage-day', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/64d9/5qb0sgdgabgc0es6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/64d9/5qb0sgdgabgc0es6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'April 18: World Heritage Day | World Heritage Day', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs,World Heritage Day,April 18, International Day for Monuments and Sites. ', 'metadescription' => 'The World Heritage Day is observed every year on April 18. The day is also known as International Day for Monuments and Sites. ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/5zucqcpnpz5d88y/April_18.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 19 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 818, 'title' => '23 April: World Book and Copyright Day', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The World Book and Copyright Day is being observed every year across the world on 23 April to promote reading, publishing and copyright and to celebrate authors, books and illustrators. Its observance aims to encourage everyone and in particular young people, to discover pleasure of reading. It also seeks that youth should gain renewed respect for irreplaceable contributions of those, who have furthered social and cultural progress of humanity. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This year it is 24th edition of World Book Day and its celebration is centred around celebrating literature and reading with particular focus on enhancing and protecting indigenous languages. Its focus is fully in line with celebration of International Year of the Indigenous Languages.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">2019 World Book Capital:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background </span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Book and Copyright Day (also known as World Book Day or International Day of the Book) was instituted by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). It is on this date in 1616 William Shakespeare (greatest English writer and world’s pre-eminent dramatist), Miguel de Cervantes (greatest Spanish writer) and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega all have died. It was first celebrated on 23 April 1995. Every year, UNESCO selects World Book Capital for one-year period, effective 23 April each year.</span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => '23-april-world-book-and-copyright-day', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a7e4/q6btqm3ipi7cxdx6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a7e4/q6btqm3ipi7cxdx6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => '23 April: World Book and Copyright Day', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, World Book and Copyright Day, observed every year, across the world, 23 April, promote reading, publishing and copyright ', 'metadescription' => 'The World Book and Copyright Day is being observed every year across the world on 23 April to promote reading, publishing and copyright and to celebrate authors, books and illustrators', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/g48kca79d7ow0fb/23_April.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 20 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 809, 'title' => 'April 21: Civil Services day', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">The Civil Services day is celebrated every year in India on April 21. On this occasion, civil servants to rededicate themselves to the cause of citizen and renew their commitments to public service and excellence in work. On this day, Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG), Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions organizes main function. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Note</span></span></span></span></strong></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">This year Civil Services Day was not observed on 21st April due to ongoing Lok Sabha elections. DARPG has notified that this day will be celebrated once new government takes over or may be clubbed this year’s celebrations and awards ceremony with the next year’s programme.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Significance of this day</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">This day commemorate address of first Home Minister of Independent India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel to probationers of Administrative Services Officers on 21 April 1947 at Metcalf House, Delhi, where he had referred to civil servants as the ‘steel frame of India’.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Prime Minister’s Awards for Excellence in Public Administration</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">As part of Civil Servant Day, Prime Minister’s Awards for Excellence in Public Administration are presented to Districts/Implementing Units for implementation of Priority programme and innovation categories. These awards were instituted in 2006 and are given each year to acknowledge, recognise and reward extraordinary and innovative work done by officers of Central/State Governments towards welfare of common citizen.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'april-21-civil-services-day', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d41f/q37y9y3xqqdxd636g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d41f/q37y9y3xqqdxd636g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'April 21 Civil Services day | Civil Services day | Civil Services', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, Civil Services day, celebrated, every year,India, April 21,Prime Minister’s Awards for Excellence in Public Administration', 'metadescription' => 'he Civil Services day is celebrated every year in India on April 21,Prime Minister’s Awards for Excellence in Public Administration. April 21 Civil Services day', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/wqd0y5emr9pxq19/April_21.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 21 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 811, 'title' => 'Earth Day: 22 April', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">The International Mother Earth Day is observed every year across the world on 22nd April to build support for environmental protection around world. Observance of this day aims to celebrate Mother Nature and put environmental issues in the spotlight.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Objective of this Day</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Encourage people to carry out activities that will benefit Earth, such as recycling, using solar power or plant trees. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Raise awareness that humans have collective responsibility to promote harmony with nature.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Balance economic, environmental and social needs of present and future generations. </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">2019 Theme for Earth Day 2019 </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">'Protect Our Species'</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">. It aims to draw attention to t rapid extinction of species across the world, which is directly linked to human activity which causes pollution, climate change and deforestation.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"><span style="color:black">The concept of observing Earth Day was formally proposed by John McConnell at UNESCO conference on Environment in 1969 to remind humans of environmental deterioration caused by them and protect Earth. Later in 1971, a formal proclamation was signed to observe international Earth Day annually on Vernal Equinox by UN Secretary-General U Thant. It was first celebrated in 1970, and since then it is celebrated every year. United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) officially designate 22 April as International Mother Earth Day through resolution A/RES/63/278, adopted in 2009. Celebrations of this day are coordinated globally by Earth Day Network. </span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'earth-day-22-april', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9b1a/eu2e9rc2j6vac276g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9b1a/eu2e9rc2j6vac276g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Earth Day: 22 April | Earth Day | 22 April Earth Day | Save Earth', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, International Mother Earth Day, Earth Day, observed, 22nd April , build support, environmental protection. around world', 'metadescription' => 'The International Mother Earth Day is observed every year across the world on 22nd April. Today 22nd April is a Earth Day so make your earth clean and green', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/0l5gzbywvoy606x/Earth_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 22 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 801, 'title' => 'World Haemophilia Day: April 17', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The World Haemophilia Day is observed every year on April 17 to spread awareness of Haemophilia and other bleeding disorders. It honours of birth anniversary of Frank Schnabel who had established World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH), an international non-profit organization in 1963 with headquarters in Montreal, Canada. The theme for year 2019 is “Outreach & Identification”.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Haemophilia </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is hereditary bleeding disorder, in which person lacks, or has low levels of proteins called ‘clotting factors’ and the blood does not clot properly as result.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is a lifelong disorder, that results in excessive bleeding and many times spontaneous bleeding, which, very often is internal.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">There are several different types of haemophilia. Two most common are <strong>Haemophilia A (Classic Haemophilia):</strong> It is the result of a deficiency in clotting factor 8 and <strong>Haemophilia B (Christmas Disease):</strong> It is the result of a deficiency in clotting factor 9. This illness is a sex-linked recessive disorder.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its symptoms includes severe headaches, frequent vomiting, neck pain, blurred or doubled vision, extreme sleepiness, and continuous bleeding from an injury.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">There is no known cure or treatment for haemophilia. In case of internal or external bleeding it is mandated to supplement Antihaemophilic Factor level by fresh blood transfusion.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is more common in men than women. This is because it is caused by a defect in the X chromosome. If girl is born with one defective X chromosome, her other X chromosome can compensate for it. On the other hand, if boy is born with defective X chromosome, he does not have second X chromosome to compensate for it, and will suffer from haemophilia.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">There were over 1.96 lakh persons living with haemophilia across the world in 2017 and India has highest count at nearly 19,000.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-haemophilia-day-april-17', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d5c7/6lc3ym5ek963s9a6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d5c7/6lc3ym5ek963s9a6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Haemophilia Day: April 17 | World Haemophilia Day', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, World Haemophilia Day, observed, every year, April 17, spread awareness, Haemophilia and other bleeding disorders', 'metadescription' => 'The World Haemophilia Day is observed every year on April 17 to spread awareness of Haemophilia and other bleeding disorders. ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/ands7fb1dp2p7ua/World_Haemophilia_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 23 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 831, 'title' => '24 April: International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">United Nations (UN) observed first International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace on April 24, 2019. Observance of this day aims to disseminate advantages of multilateralism and diplomacy for peace through educational and public awareness-raising activities. On this occasion, UN General Assembly (UNGA) had convened one-day high-level plenary meeting to commemorate and promote the day.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace </span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was officially proclaimed to be observed ever year on 24 April by UNGA in December 2018 by adopting resolution A/RES/73/127. This day aims at preserving values of multilateralism and international cooperation is fundamental to promote and support the three pillars of UN - Peace and Security, Development and Human Rights. These values underpin principles in UN Charter and</span> <span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.<strong> </strong>It also acknowledges use of multilateral decision-making and diplomacy in achieving peaceful resolutions to conflicts among nations.</span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-day-of-multilateralism', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5068/6r6t76821z2mn6b6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5068/6r6t76821z2mn6b6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, First International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace on April 24, 2019', 'metadescription' => 'First International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace on April 24, 2019', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/o5g3hp2xsq5idh0/24_April.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 24 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 836, 'title' => 'World Immunization Week from April 24 to 30', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The World Immunization Week will be celebrated in the last week of April 2019 (from April 24 to 30). It is global public health campaign of World Health Organisation (WHO) aimed at raising awareness and increase rates of immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases around the world.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme of this year is <strong>“Protected Together: Vaccines Work!”. </strong>Its main goal is to raise awareness about critical importance of full immunization throughout life.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This year’s world immunization week will also celebrate Vaccine Heroes from around world – from parents and community members to health workers and innovators – who help ensure we are all protected, at all ages, through power of vaccines.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The World Immunization Week was endorsed by WHO-World Health Assembly during its May 2012 meeting. Its goal is to raise public awareness of how immunization saves lives, and support people everywhere to get vaccinations needed against deadly diseases for themselves and their children. It was observed for first time in April 2012, with the participation of more than 180 countries and territories worldwide</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">WHO estimates that currently over 2 to 3 million deaths are averted every year because of active immunization. However, 22.6 million infants worldwide are still lack basic vaccines, mostly in developing countries. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Inadequate immunization coverage rates often result from competing health priorities, poor management of health systems, limited resources and inadequate surveillance. Expanding access to immunization is vital for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), poverty reduction and universal health coverage.</span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-immunization-week-from-april-2019', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/f5bf/5ea77ouy28qb3ra6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/f5bf/5ea77ouy28qb3ra6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Immunization Week from April 24 to 30', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, World Immunization Week, April 2019, global public health campaign, World Health Organisation, WHO ', 'metadescription' => 'he World Immunization Week will be celebrated in the last week of April 2019 (from April 24 to 30). It is global public health campaign of World Health Organisation (WHO) ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/mm7irgozkflhtk7/World_Immunization.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 25 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 837, 'title' => 'World Malaria Day: 25 April', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Malaria Day is being observed every year on 25 April across the world to recognise global efforts to control malaria disease. It also seeks to highlight the need for continued investment and sustained political commitment for elimination and control of vector-borne disease malaria. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme of 2019 World Malaria Day is <strong>‘Zero malaria starts with me’. </strong>It is grassroots campaign that aims to keep malaria high on political agenda, mobilize additional resources, and empower communities to take ownership of malaria prevention and care.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World’s first Malaria Vaccine</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">On this occasion, Government of Malawi had launched world’s first malaria vaccine known as RTS,S, (Trademark name Mosquirix) in a landmark pilot programme. It is the first of three in Africa in which the vaccine is made available to children up to 2 years of age. Ghana and Kenya will introduce the vaccine in the coming weeks.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background </span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Malaria Day (WMD) was instituted by 60th session of World Health Assembly (WHA), a decision-making body of World Health Organization (WHO) in May 2007. It is aimed at providung understanding and education of vector borne malaria disease and also spread information on year-long intensified implementation of national malaria-control strategies. It is one of eight official global public health campaigns currently marked by WHO. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Malaria Threat</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">: is one of world’s leading killer disease, killing 435 000 people a year, most of them children. It claims life of one child every two minutes. Most of these deaths are in Africa, where more than 250 000 children die from disease every year. Children under 5 are at greatest risk of its life-threatening complications. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">About Malaria </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is mosquito-borne infectious disease most commonly transmitted through the bite of infected <strong><em>female Anopheles mosquito</em></strong>. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganisms) belonging to Plasmodium type. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Its initial symptoms include fever, headache and chills which are difficult to detect as malaria. If these symptoms are not treated within 24 hours, they can lead to serious illness and death. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Children suffering from malaria may develop severe anaemia, respiratory distress or cerebral malaria. Adults who have malaria could experience multi-organ failure. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Prevention and Treatment</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">: Early diagnosis and treatment is the best way to curb spread of this disease.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-malaria-day-25-april', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/7d1c/egscyogkrcq04xx6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/7d1c/egscyogkrcq04xx6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Malaria Day: 25 April | World Malaria Day | 25 April', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, World Malaria Day, observed every year, 25 April, recognise global efforts, control malaria disease, WHO, 2019 Theme', 'metadescription' => 'World Malaria Day is being observed every year on 25 April across the world to recognise global efforts to control malaria disease. ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/4dpyf8rsvl453gw/World_Malaria_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 26 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 842, 'title' => '26 April: World Intellectual Property Day', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">World Intellectual Property Day (WIPD) is observed every year across the world on April 26 to spread awareness about pivotal role played intellectual property rights (like patents, trademarks, industrial designs and copyright) in encouraging innovation and creativity.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The theme of WIPD 2019 is “<strong>Reach for Gold: IP and Sports</strong>”. It seeks to highlight important of intellectual property rights in world of sports. It highlights importance of innovation, creativity and IP rights to support development of sport and its enjoyment around the world.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">IP and Sports</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In recent times, sports have become industry of its own, generating multi-billion dollars and millions of people are employed in it around the world.<strong> </strong>Sports businesses across the world use patents and designs for development of new technologies, materials, and equipment. Business relationships built on IPR help the multi-billion sports industry to secure economic value of sports.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The idea of observing World Intellectual Property Day was mooted in October 1999 by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). It was officially designated in 2000 by UNGA. The purpose of instituting this day was to address perceived gap between IPR as business/legal concept and its relevance to people’s lives. The date 26 April was chosen as on this date in 1970 Convention Establishing World Intellectual Property Organization entered into force.</span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => '26-april-world-intellectual-property-day', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/dc94/fb4a0qw0zh8ec4b6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/dc94/fb4a0qw0zh8ec4b6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => '26 April: World Intellectual Property Day', 'metakeyword' => 'World Intellectual Property Day, WIPD, observed, every year, April 26, spread awareness, intellectual property rights ,encouraging, innovation, creativity', 'metadescription' => ' World Intellectual Property Day observed every year across world on April 26 to spread awareness about intellectual property rights', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/uvhzlv6oa5tv2p4/26_April.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 27 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 891, 'title' => '7 April: International Day of Reflection', 'description' => '<ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Every year 7<sup>th</sup> April is observed as The International Day of Reflection on 1994 Rwandan genocide in memory of victims of genocide in Rwanda.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">1994 genocide in which around 800,000 Tutsis community (an African ethnic group) were slaughtered in Rwanda in a 100 day campaign, is a hallmark example of violence that was ignored by international community. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The United Nations later declared day in remembrance of Tutsi people who were killed or injured in atrocities. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">The Day of Reflection offers opportunity to consider factors that led to such mass atrocity and to renew collective pledge of “never again”.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => '7th-april-international-day-reflection', 'image' => '', 'fbimage' => '', 'metatitle' => '7th April observed as International Day of Reflection', 'metakeyword' => '7th April observed as International Day of Reflection', 'metadescription' => '7th April observed as International Day of Reflection', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => '', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 28 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 935, 'title' => 'April 28: World Day for Safety and Health at Work', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Day for Safety and Health at Work is observed every year across the world on April 28 to promote prevention of occupational accidents and diseases globally. The day is observed by the International Labour Organisation (ILO).</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Objective of Day</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is as an awareness-raising campaign to raise awareness for promoting safe, healthy and decent work. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It also aims to create safety and health culture to reduce number of work-related deaths and injuries. </span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">201 9Theme: “<em>Safety and health at the heart of the future of work</em>"</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It seeks to draw world attention on the degree of problem and to promote healthy work culture so that several work-related deaths and injuries can be reduced. Every year more than thousands of people die as result of occupational accidents and work-related disease. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Day for Safety and Health at Work is observed every year on April 28 by ILO since 2003, in order to stress on t prevention of accidents and diseases at work. It is observed as integral part of ILO’s Global Strategy on Occupational Safety and Health which was adopted at International Labour Conference in June 2003</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">.World Day for Safety and Health at Work is one of the main pillars of the Global Strategy is and is significant tool to raise awareness for making work safe and healthy.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The date April 28 also commemorates International Commemoration Day for Dead and Injured Workers, which was earlier organised worldwide by ttrade union movement since 1996.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'april-28-world-day-for-safety-health-at-work', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/46dd/300986w80j39qc16g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/46dd/300986w80j39qc16g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'April 28: World Day for Safety and Health at Work', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, World Day for Safety and Health at Work, observed every year, world, April 28, promote prevention of occupational accidents and diseases globally,', 'metadescription' => 'World Day for Safety and Health at Work is observed every year across the world on April 28 to promote prevention of occupational accidents and diseases globally. ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/rzwac6pu3liyd5w/April_28.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 29 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 948, 'title' => 'International Dance Day celebrated on April 29', 'description' => '<h2 style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Dance Day is celebrated every year on April 29 across the world to encourage participation and education in dance. It is global day celebrated by International Theatre Institute (ITI) which organizes events and festivals to celebrate dance,</span></span></span></h2> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Dance Day </span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">This day was instituted by Dance Committee of International Theatre Institute (ITI), ‘29 April’ was chosen as date to celebrated birthday anniversary of French dancer, creator of modern ballet and great reformer of dance Jean-Georges Noverre (born on 29 April 1727 and died 19 October1810). Observance of this day is aimed at increasing awareness about importance of dance among general public. It also seeks to persuade governments across the world to include dance in education system. On this day, every year a famous dance personality circulates message throughout world about importance of dance and this day.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Theatre Institute (ITI) </span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is the world’s largest performing arts organization. It works in the areas of arts education, international exchange and collaboration, and youth training. It was founded in 1948 by theatre and dance experts and UNESCO. It is headquartered in Paris, France. It is dedicated to performing arts and advances UNESCO’s goals of mutual understanding and peace and advocates for protection and promotion of cultural expressions, regardless of age, gender, creed or ethnicity.</span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-dance-day-celebrated-april-29', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9a8d/ata36ztbu354cmt6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9a8d/ata36ztbu354cmt6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Dance Day celebrated on April 29', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, International Dance Day, celebrated, every year,April 29, encourage participation and education in dance', 'metadescription' => 'The International Dance Day is celebrated every year on April 29 across the world to encourage participation and education in dance.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/fsj9z98fmjyppor/International_Dance_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 30 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 982, 'title' => 'International Labour Day: May 1', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Labour Day is celebrated every year on May 1 across the world to honour the contribution of working men and women. Observance of this day aims to pay tribute to sacrifices of workers in achieving economic and social rights all over world. The theme for this year's is "<strong>Uniting Workers for Social and Economic Advancement</strong>".</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Labour Day also known as Workers' Day, Labour Day or May Day to honour the contribution of working men and women. The date was chosen by pan-national organization of socialist and communist political parties to commemorate Haymarket affair, which occurred in Chicago on 4 May 1886. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">During industrialization at beginning of the 19th Century, industrialists used to exploit labour class and made them work up to 15 hours a day. The workers at Haymarket affair in Chicago had rose against this exploitation and demanded paid leaves, proper wages, breaks for the workforce and safety at work. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">After the workers struggle, eight-hours was declared as the legal time for the workers in the national convention at Chicago by American Federation of Labour in 1886. So this day marks victory of the workers' movement for eight hours of work.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In India, the first Labour day was celebrated in Chennai in 1923. It was organised by Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-labour-day-may-1', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/71c6/9ecb4qyqzp97d0q6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/71c6/9ecb4qyqzp97d0q6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Labour Day: May 1 | International Labour Day', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, International Labour Day, celebrated, on May 1, honour, contribution , working men,women, 2019 Themem', 'metadescription' => 'International Labour Day is celebrated every year on May 1 across the world to honour the contribution of working men and women', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/hckb7xx3idp2byh/International_Labour_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 31 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1001, 'title' => 'World Press Freedom Day: May 3', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Press Freedom Day (WPFD) is celebrated every year on May 3 across the world to celebrate fundamental principles of press freedom as well as to evaluate freedom of press around the world. Observance of this day also serves as occasion to defend media from attacks on their independence and to pay tribute to journalists who died while doing their profession. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">2019 Theme:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> “Media for Democracy: Journalism and Elections in Times of Disinformation”. It aims to discuss current challenges faced by media in elections, along with media’s potential in supporting peace and reconciliation processes.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Main Event:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> This year it is 26th edition of WPFD and main event was jointly organized by UNESCO, African Union Commission (AU) and Government of Ethiopia at the African Union (AU) Headquarters at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Press Freedom Day was proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in December 1993, following recommendation of UNESCO's General Conference. The date 3 May marks anniversary of adaptation of Declaration of Windhoek on media pluralism and independence in 1991 by African journalists. The purpose of observance of this day is to provide opportunity to celebrate fundamental principles of press freedom, assess state of press freedom throughout world, defend media from attacks on their independence and pay tribute to journalists who have lost their lives in line of duty.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-press-freedom-day-may-3', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/67d3/0dqrkg788j8d7626g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/67d3/0dqrkg788j8d7626g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Press Freedom Day: May 3 | World Press Freedom Day', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, World Press Freedom Day (WPFD), celebrated, every yea, May 3,,fundamental principles, press freedom , evaluate freedom of press around the world', 'metadescription' => 'The World Press Freedom Day (WPFD) is celebrated every year on May 3 across the world to celebrate fundamental principles of press freedom ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/bog6n132xts9qa9/World_Press_Freedom_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 32 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1035, 'title' => 'World Asthma Day observed on May 7, 2019', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Asthma Day is observed every year across the globe on first Tuesday of May to spread awareness about Asthma and its care around the world. This year it was observed on May 7, 2019. The theme of World Asthma Day 2019 was ‘STOP for Asthma’. STOP stands for <strong>S</strong>ymptom evaluation, <strong>T</strong>est Response, <strong>O</strong>bserve and assess, <strong>P</strong>roceed to adjust treatment. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Observance of World Asthma Day is annual initiative of Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and is observed every year on first Tuesday of May. It was first observed in 1998 in conjunction with the first World Asthma Meeting held in Barcelona, Spain. Since then,GINA every year chooses theme of World Asthma </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Asthma</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is common long-term inflammatory disease of airways of the lungs that causes breathing problems. It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction and easily triggered bronchospasms. Its symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. It is thought to be caused by combination of genetic and environmental factors. There is no cure for asthma but its symptoms can be prevented by avoiding triggers, such as allergens and irritants, and by use of inhalers to prevent and relieve the symptoms. </span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-asthma-day-may-7-2019', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1586/qnr271abwlms82u6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1586/qnr271abwlms82u6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Asthma Day observed on May 7, 2019', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, World Asthma Day, observed on, first Tuesday of May, spread awareness, 2019 Theme ', 'metadescription' => 'The World Asthma Day is observed every year across the globe on first Tuesday of May to spread awareness about Asthma and its care around the world.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/5gktsx5c3x7tzj5/World_Asthma_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 33 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1045, 'title' => 'World Thalassemia Day observed on May 8', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Thalassaemia Day is observed every year across the world on 8 May to raise awareness about thalassaemia disease, its preventive measures and measures to avoid transmission among the people throughout the world.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Observance of this day seeks to commemorate honour of all patients suffering from this genetic disease also all scientists doing hardwork to provide improved quality of life to people with thalassaemia across the globe.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The theme of 2019 World Thalassemia Day is<strong> “<em>Universal access to quality thalassaemia healthcare services: Building bridges with and for patient</em>”.</strong></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Thalassemia</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is a genetic blood disorder with no cure except bone</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> marrow transplant (BMT). It is c</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">haracterised by abnormal production of haemoglobin </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">in the body. The abnormality results in improper oxygen transport and destruction of red blood cells and leads to anemia. This l</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">eads to iron overload, bone deformities and in severe </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">cases can cause heart diseases. </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It can be diagnosed by blood tests. It is difficult to prevent it as disorder is passed from parents to children. However, it is treatable disorder that can be managed with blood transfusions and chelation therapy. Some children can be cured by bone marrow transplant.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-thalassemia-day-may-8', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/2bbf/sbtdz96zmu9t7ts6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/2bbf/sbtdz96zmu9t7ts6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Thalassemia Day observed on May 8 | World Thalassemia Day', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, World Thalassaemia Day, observed every year, on 8 May, raise awareness, thalassaemia disease, 2019 Theme, ', 'metadescription' => 'The World Thalassaemia Day is observed every year across the world on 8 May to raise awareness about thalassaemia disease, its preventive measures ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/zf8cht7qdr54cg8/World_Thalassemia.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 34 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1074, 'title' => 'World Migratory Bird Day: May 11', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Every year World Migratory Bird Day (WMBD) is twice a year second Saturday in May and in October with objective of raising awareness and highlighting need for the protection of migratory birds and their habitats. First WMBD 2019 was observed on 11 May 2019. Its </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">theme was “Protect Birds: Be the Solution to Plastic Pollution!”. It seeks to </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">put the spotlight on the negative impact of plastic pollution on migratory birds and their habitats.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Migratory Bird Day (WMBD)</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is an annual awareness-raising campaign highlighting the need for the protection of migratory birds and their habitats. It was initiated as annual day in 2006 and from 2018, it is celebrated twice a year, on the second Saturday in May and in October. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is organized by two international wildlife treaties administered by UN Environment Programme (UNEP) – Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) andAfrican-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA) along with Environment for the Americas (EFTA). </span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-migratory-bird-day-may-11', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/7aa9/vimctotm2sw12mw6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/7aa9/vimctotm2sw12mw6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Migratory Bird Day: May 11', 'metakeyword' => 'In days and Events Current Affairs, World Migratory Bird Day, WMBD 2019, twice a year, second Saturday, May, October, raising awareness, highlighting need, protection of migratory birds, their habitats', 'metadescription' => 'Every year World Migratory Bird Day (WMBD) is twice a year second Saturday in May and in October with objective of raising awareness and highlighting need ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/2bde1em8y7z61pp/World_Migratory.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 35 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1085, 'title' => 'May 12: International Nurse Day', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Nurse Day (IND) is observed every year across the world on May 12 to mark the birth anniversary of Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing. It also celebrates supreme contribution of nurses towards the society, healthcare and wellbeing of people. (Note: May 12 is celebrated as Mother's Day)</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The theme chosen by International Council of Nurses (ICN) for 2019 IND was ‘Nurses: A voice to lead - Health for All”. It focuses on need for nurses to become more active and vocal in policy development and implementation.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">On this occasion, every year President of India conferred National Florence Nightingale Awards to nursing personnel from across the country for selfless services rendered by nurses with devotion, sincerity, dedication and compassion. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The history of International Nurses Day dates back to 1965 when it was officially proclaimed and celebrated for first time by International Council of Nurses (ICN). It was first proposed by Dorothy Sutherland, officer from United States (US) Department of Health, Education and Welfare in 1953. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why May 12?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The date was chose to celebrate birth anniversary Florence Nightingale, of the founder of modern nursing and was famous as manager and trainer of nurses during Crimean War. She was born on May 12, 1820.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'may-12-international-nurse-day', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/be17/thar2g2ayrroyrl6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/be17/thar2g2ayrroyrl6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'May 12: International Nurse Day', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, International Nurse Day,IND, every year across the world on May 12 to mark the birth anniversary of Florence Nightingale,', 'metadescription' => 'The International Nurse Day (IND) is observed every year across the world on May 12 to mark the birth anniversary of Florence Nightingale,', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/650yrgcblfggakk/May_12.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 36 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1099, 'title' => 'International Day of Families: 15 May', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of Families is observed every year across world on 15th May. The purpose of this day is to promote awareness of issues related to families and increase knowledge about social, economic and demographic progression that affects families which are the basic unit of society. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">2019 Theme</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">“Families and Climate Action: Focus on SDG 13”. It focuses on families, family policies and advancing major SDG 13 targets –</span></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">SDG 13 target 13.2: Integrating climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">SDG 13 target 13.3: Improving education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of Families was proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 1993 by adopting resolution A/RES/47/237. Its objective is to reflect importance international community attaches to families and promote awareness of issues relating to families. Every year UN secretary-general makes to particular applicable motto (theme) attention to celebrate this day.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-day-families-15-May', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9222/6jrgxbfkyvncusa6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9222/6jrgxbfkyvncusa6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Day of Families: 15 May', 'metakeyword' => ' International Day of Families is observed every year across world on 15th May.', 'metadescription' => 'The International Day of Families is observed every year across world on 15th May.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/ih5t9b3t0j7d8a4/International.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 37 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1118, 'title' => 'World Telecommunication and Information Society Day: May 17', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Telecommunication and Information Society Day (WTISD) is observed every 17 May to mark anniversary of signing of first International Telegraph Convention (ITC) and creation of International Telecommunication Union (ITU). </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The purpose of the day is to help raise awareness of possibilities that use of Internet and other information and communication technologies (ICT) can bring to societies and economies, as well as of ways to bridge digital divide. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">This year it is 50th anniversary of WTISD and is celebrated annually since 1969. It is celebrated to mark founding of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and signing of the first International Telegraph Convention in 1865.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The 2019 Theme is “<strong>Bridging the standardization gap</strong>”. It seeks highlight importance of ITU standards in accelerating ICTs for all Sustainable Development Goals. It also seeks to allow participation of developing countries in ITU's standards-making process. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> <strong>About International Telecommunications Union (ITU)</strong></span></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is United Nations specialised agency that coordinate telecommunication operations and services throughout world. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was originally founded in 1865, as International Telegraph Union. This makes it oldest existing international organization. It is member of UNDP.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Membership</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">: It has total 193 countries as its members and also 800 private-sector entities such like carriers, equipment manufacturers and academic institutions etc,</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It consists of three sectors:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> (i) Radiocommunication (ITU-R): It ensures optimal, fair and rational use of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum. (ii) Telecommunication Standardization (ITU-T): It formulates recommendations for standardizing telecommunication operations worldwide. (iii) Telecommunication Development (ITU-D): It assists countries in developing and maintaining internal communication operations.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Functions:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It sets and publishes regulations and standards relevant to electronic communication and broadcasting technologies of all kinds including radio, television, telephone, satellite and internet. It helps emerging countries to establish and develop telecommunication systems of their own. It conducts working parties, study groups and meetings to address current and future issues and to resolve disputes. It recommendations are non-binding but it member countries adhere to them in interest of maintaining effective international electronic communication environment. It organizes and conducts exhibition and forum known as the Global TELECOM every four years.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India and ITU: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India is active member of ITU since 1869. It has been regular member of ITU Council since 1952. In November 2018, India was elected as Member of the ITU Council for another 4-year term (2019-2022). In March 2019, ITU had decided to set up ITU South Asia Area Office and Technology Innovation Centre in New Delhi.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-telecommunication-information-society-day', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/bd33/iytaosob5ukakbt6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/bd33/iytaosob5ukakbt6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Telecommunication and Information Society Day: May 17', 'metakeyword' => ' World Telecommunication and Information Society Day (WTISD) is observed every 17 May ', 'metadescription' => ' World Telecommunication and Information Society Day (WTISD) is observed every 17 May ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/kp7ow2ohamolu9v/World_Telecommunication.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 38 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1127, 'title' => 'International Museum Day: May 18', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Museum Day is observed every year across the world on May 18 across to raise awareness on how important museums are in the development of society. The 2019 theme was ‘Museums as Cultural Hubs: The future of tradition’.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Museum Day was proclaimed by International Council of Museums (ICOM) in 1977. Its objective is to raise awareness of museums as important means of cultural exchange, enrichment of cultures and development of mutual understanding, cooperation and peace among peoples. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Council of Museum (ICOM).</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is the nodal and only organisation of museums and museum professionals with global scope. It is committed to promotion and protection of natural and cultural heritage, present and future, tangible and intangible. It was established in 1946. It is headquartered in Paris, France. It serves as network of museum professionals acting in wide range of museum- and heritage-related disciplines. It has more than 35,000 members in 137 countries.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-museum-day-may-18', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/f3fc/mr0b1205cmafud96g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/f3fc/mr0b1205cmafud96g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Museum Day: May 18 | International Museum Day', 'metakeyword' => 'The International Museum Day is observed every year across the world on May 18 across to raise awareness on how important museums are in the development of society', 'metadescription' => 'The International Museum Day is observed every year across the world on May 18 across to raise awareness on how important museums are in the development of society', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/cg11c2sjdb81x2w/International_Museum_Day_-_Copy.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 39 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1128, 'title' => 'World Metrology Day: May 20', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Metrology Day is celebrated every year across the world on May 20. The day commemorates anniversary of the signing of the Metre Convention in 1875. The theme for this year is "The International System of Units - Fundamentally better." </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Metre Convention of 1875</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was signed by representatives of seventeen nations on 20 May 1875. It has set framework for global collaboration in science of measurement and in its industrial, commercial and societal applications. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its original aim was to bring world-wide uniformity of measurement and it still remains as important today as it was in 1875. It provides the basis for a coherent measurement system worldwide that underpins scientific discovery and innovation, industrial manufacturing and international trade, as well as the protection of the global environment. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Organisations</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Organization of Legal Metrology:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is intergovernmental organization that promotes global harmonization of the legal metrology procedures that underpin and facilitate international trade. It was established in 1955 and is headquatered in Paris.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Bureau of Weights and Measures:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is intergovernmental organization established by Metre Convention. It provides common platform to member states act together on matters related to measurement science and measurement standards. </span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-metrology-day-may-20', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/593d/vtpqre01ewymcwz6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/593d/vtpqre01ewymcwz6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Metrology Day: May 20 | World Metrology Day', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, World Metrology Day ,Celebrated every year, May 20, signing of the Metre Convention in 1875', 'metadescription' => 'The World Metrology Day is celebrated every year across the world on May 20. The day commemorates anniversary of the signing of the Metre Convention in 1875', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/zbd44qctm14yb6d/World_Metrology_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 40 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1136, 'title' => 'UGC directs universities to observe May 21 as Anti-Terrorism day', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The University Grants Commission (UGC) has directed universities and higher educational institutions to observe May 21 as Anti-Terrorism Day to wean the youth away from terrorism. It also suggested activities for the day including debates, discussions, symposium, pledge taking ceremony and screening of films as per recommendations of Ministry of Home Affairs.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The Anti-Terrorism Day is observed every year throughout India on May 21 to spread awareness among people about dangers of terrorism and violence and its effect on people, society and the country as a whole. Its objective is to wean away the people from terrorism and violence and show how it is prejudicial to the national interest. It also aims to promote unity, peace and harmony across the nation. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why May 21?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The day marks the death anniversary of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi who was assassinated at an election rally near Chennai by a suicide bomber from Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) on 21 May 1991. </span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'may-21-anti-terrorism-day', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a84c/z2c7l7l3cl3kms46g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/a84c/z2c7l7l3cl3kms46g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'May 21: Anti-Terrorism day | Anti-Terrorism day', 'metakeyword' => 'University Grants Commission (UGC) has directed universities and higher educational institutions to observe May 21 as Anti-Terrorism Day to wean the youth away from terrorism', 'metadescription' => 'University Grants Commission (UGC) has directed universities and higher educational institutions to observe May 21 as Anti-Terrorism Day to wean the youth away from terrorism', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/nmb698iti3tuxzf/UGC_directs.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 41 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1133, 'title' => 'World Bee Day: May 20', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Bee Day is celebrated every year across the world on May 20. The purpose of this day is to acknowledge the role of bees and other pollinators for the ecosystem. The theme for year 2019 is “Save the Bees”.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why this date?</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">May 20 coincides with birth anniversary of Anton Janaa, who in 18th century had pioneered modern beekeeping techniques in his native country Slovenia and praised bees for their ability to work so hard, while needing so little attention.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Value of bees</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Pollinators like bees, butterflies, bats and hummingbirds allow many plants, including many food crops, to reproduce. A third of the world's food production depends on bees. Bees are vital for preservation of ecological balance, biodiversity in nature and help reduce pollution.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">They not only contribute directly to food security, but they are key to conserving biodiversity - a cornerstone of Sustainable Development Goals. They also serve as sentinels for emerging environmental risks and signal health of local ecosystems. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">They are increasingly under threat from human activities. Invasive insects, land-use change, pesticides and monocropping practices may reduce available nutrients and poses greatest threats to bee colonies.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></span></span></strong></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Bee Day was proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) by unanimously passing resolution proposed by Slovenia in December 2017. It is aimed at highlighting importance of preservation of bees and their significance for humanity. It also calls for the adoption of specific conservation measures.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-bee-day-may-20', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5ac0/iz7e7celci87e1h6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5ac0/iz7e7celci87e1h6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Bee Day: May 20 | World Bee Day', 'metakeyword' => 'World Bee Day is celebrated every year across the world on May 20. The purpose of this day is to acknowledge the role of bees and other pollinators for the ecosystem.', 'metadescription' => 'World Bee Day is celebrated every year across the world on May 20. The purpose of this day is to acknowledge the role of bees and other pollinators for the ecosystem.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/oqlejrd496nbg44/World_Bee_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 42 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1137, 'title' => 'World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development : May 21', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development is observed every year across the world on May 21 to bridge gap between different cultures and promote tolerance. Observance of this day also seeks to help communities understand value of cultural diversity and learn how to live together in harmony. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development was proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in November 2002 by adopting Resolution 57/249. It was adopted after UNESCO had adopted Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity in 2001. It aims to help communities understand value of cultural diversity and learn how to live together in harmony. This day was created as a result of destruction of 6th-century monumental Buddha statues (Gandhara style) carved into side of cliff in Bamyan valley in Hazarajat region of central Afghanistan in 2001 by Taliban.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-cultural-diversity-day-may-21', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e928/lsot61qmprbiiyk6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e928/lsot61qmprbiiyk6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Cultural Diversity Day: May 21 | World Cultural Diversity', 'metakeyword' => 'The World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development is observed every year across the world on May 21', 'metadescription' => 'The World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development is observed every year across the world on May 21', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/74qk96il372kfi4/World_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 43 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1146, 'title' => 'International Day for Biological Diversity: May 22', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Day for Biological Diversity is celebrated every year on 22 May to increase understanding and awareness of biodiversity issues. This day marks coming in force of Convention on Biological Diversity at United Nations Environment Progamme Headquarters, Nairobi on 22 May 1992. This day was proclaimed by UN General Assembly in 2000 via resolution 55/201.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">2019 Theme </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> “Our Biodiversity, Our Food, Our Health”. It highlights importance of biodiversity as foundation for our food and health. It aims to leverage knowledge and spread awareness of dependency of food systems, nutrition, and health on biodiversity and healthy ecosystems. It also celebrates diversity provided by natural systems for human existence and well-being on Earth, while contributing to other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including climate change mitigation and adaptation, ecosystems restoration, cleaner water and zero hunger, among others.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Impact of human diet on Biodiversity</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The global diet as a whole is becoming more homogenized, and which is dangerous thing. In the last 100 years, more than 90</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of crop varieties have disappeared from farmers’ fields. Locally-varied food production systems are under threat, including indigenous, traditional and local knowledge. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is the international legal instrument for "the conservation of biological diversity" that has been ratified by 196 nations including India.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is legally binding document. It is outcome of Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit 1992 and entered into force in December 1993. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Objectives:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> (i) Conservation of biodiversity, (ii) Sustainable use of its components and (iii) Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-day-biological-diversity-may-22', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/8551/27ym6go0u28gqwi6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/8551/27ym6go0u28gqwi6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Day for Biological Diversity: May 22', 'metakeyword' => 'International Day for Biological Diversity, 2019, celebrated, 22 May, understanding, awareness of biodiversity issues', 'metadescription' => 'International Day for Biological Diversity, 2019, celebrated, 22 May, understanding, awareness of biodiversity issues', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/b7cog1kfisd81xn/International_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 44 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1219, 'title' => 'World Thyroid Day observed on May 25 ', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Thyroid Awareness Day is observed every year across the world on May 25 to spread awareness of thyroid health and educating about prevention and treatment of thyroid diseases. The objective of this day seeks to highlight five major goals to: (i) increase awareness of thyroid health, (ii) promote understanding of advances made in treating thyroid diseases, (iii) emphasize prevalence of thyroid diseases, (iv) focus on urgent need for education and prevention programs and (vi) expand awareness of new treatment modalities. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Thyroid gland</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is often referred to as simply thyroid, is one of the largest endocrine glands. It butterfly-shaped gland located in neck. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its health is extremely important, as hormones produced by it influence critical body functions and regulate metabolism. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Disorders related to it are very common worldwide and they affect people of all ages and have large range of symptoms. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The most common thyroid disorders include yperthyroidism (abnormally increased thyroid activity), thyroiditis or Goitre (inflammation of thyroid gland), hypothyroidism (abnormally decreased thyroid activity) and thyroid cancer. They are often caused by iodine deficiency. </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Thyroid Awareness Day was officially proclaimed by European Thyroid Association (ETA) and American Thyroid Association (ATA). This day is devoted globally to Thyroid Gland and its numerous and often ‘invisible’ symptoms. It was observed for the first time in 2009 and since then, it is celebrated annually across the globe together with its extension, International Thyroid Awareness Week, which surrounds main Day.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-thyroid-day-observed-may-25', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/46fb/ba4moabbmsxv8t26g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/46fb/ba4moabbmsxv8t26g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Thyroid Day observed on May 25 ', 'metakeyword' => 'In Days and Events Current Affairs, World Thyroid Awareness Day, May 25 , spread awareness, thyroid health and educating, prevention, treatment of thyroid diseases', 'metadescription' => 'The World Thyroid Awareness Day is observed every year across the world on May 25 to spread awareness of thyroid health and educating about prevention and treatment of thyroid diseases', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/v4v68l069huxsy2/World_Thyroid.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 45 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1264, 'title' => 'International Day of UN Peacekeepers: May 29', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers is observed every year across the world on May 29, 2019. Observance of this day aims to pay tribute to invaluable contribution of civilian personnel and honours UN peacekeepers who have sacrificed their lives while rendering peacekeeping services. It also commemorates establishment of first UN peacekeeping mission on May 29, 1948. The theme of 2019 International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers was “Protecting Civilians, Protecting Peace”.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers was officially proclaimed by UN General Assembly (UNGA) by adopting Resolution 57/129 in December 2002. The day was instituted on official request of Government of Ukraine and Ukrainian Peacekeepers Association to the UNGA. It was first celebrated in 2003.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why May 29?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The May 29 marks the anniversary of establishment of UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) in 1948. It was first UN peacekeeping mission established to monitor ceasefire after Arab-Israeli War 1948. </span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-day-un-peacekeepers', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/759d/kzdknm72vxa73dj6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/759d/kzdknm72vxa73dj6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Day of UN Peacekeepers: May 29', 'metakeyword' => 'International Day of UN Peacekeepers: May 29', 'metadescription' => 'International Day of UN Peacekeepers: May 29, The International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers is observed every year across the world on May 29, 2019. ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/4h6xp6b33x5uvm4/International_Day_of_UN_Peacekeepers_May_29.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 46 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1289, 'title' => 'World No Tobacco Day: May 31', 'description' => '<h2 style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World No-Tobacco Day (WNTD) is observed every year across the world on 31 May. This day aims to spread awareness about health risks associated with consumption all forms of tobacco and advocates for effective policies to reduce tobacco consumption. The theme for this year is "<strong>Don't let tobacco take your breath away - Choose Health Not Tobacco</strong>".</span></span></span></span></h2> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Focus of World No Tobacco Day 2019: "<strong>Tobacco and lung health</strong>". It aims to increase awareness on negative impact that tobacco has on people’s lung health, from cancer to chronic respiratory disease and fundamental role lungs play for the health and well-being of all people</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World No Tobacco Day (WNTD) was instituted by World Health Assembly, the highest decision-making body of World Health Organisation (WHO) in 1999. Since then, is observed annually every year with different tobacco-related theme. It is one of eight official global public health campaigns or days observed by WHO. The purpose of observing this day is to raise awareness on harmful and deadly effects of tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure, and to discourage the use of tobacco in any form. </span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-no-tobacco-day-may-31', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9689/u32a4739cgm3mhd6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9689/u32a4739cgm3mhd6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World No Tobacco Day: May 31 | World No Tobacco Day', 'metakeyword' => ' World No-Tobacco Day, observed, 31 May, spread awareness, health risks associated, consumption all forms of tobacco', 'metadescription' => 'World No Tobacco day is observed every year across the world on 31 May. This day aims to spread awareness about health risks associated with consumption all forms of tobacco ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/oozp6vjy58zgto3/World_No_Tobacco_Day_May_31.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 47 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1310, 'title' => 'World Milk Day observed on June 1', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Milk Day is observed every year on June 1 across the world to recognize importance of milk as a global food. Observance of this day also aims to celebrate important contributions of the dairy sector to sustainability, economic development, livelihoods and nutrition. The theme of this year is ‘Drink Milk: Today & Everyday’</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Milk Day was established by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to provide an opportunity to bring attention to activities that are connected with the milk industry.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why June 1?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It was chosen as date because many countries were already celebrating a milk day during that time of year.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose of this day</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">: It provides an opportunity to focus attention on milk and raise awareness of dairy’s part in healthy diets, responsible food production and supporting livelihoods and communities. </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is specialised agency of United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. UN Economic and Social Council (UNESC) is its parent organisation. It was established in October 1945. It is headquartered in Rome, Italy. 197 countries are its member states along with European Union.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-milk-day-observed-june-1', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c91e/rxbr05b4n3t22at6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c91e/rxbr05b4n3t22at6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Milk Day observed on June 1 | World Milk Day', 'metakeyword' => 'World Milk Day,, observed every year, June 1, world, importance of milk as a global food.', 'metadescription' => 'The World Milk Day is observed every year on June 1 across the world to recognize importance of milk as a global food.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/3553jjee2ncw9ht/World_Milk_Day_observed_on_June_1_compressed.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 48 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1336, 'title' => 'International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression: June 5', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression is observed every year across the world on June 4 to acknowledge the pain suffered by children throughout the world who are the victims of physical, emotional and mental abuse. This day affirms the United Nations’ (UN) commitment to protect the rights of children.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">2019 Theme: “<em>Zero Violence against Children by 2030</em>”.</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The theme is in line with 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDG) which provides universal masterplan to secure better future for children. SDG include time specific target (16.2) to end all forms of violence against children and ending the abuse, neglect and exploitation of children is mainstreamed across several other violence-related targets.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression was established on 19 August 1982 (resolution ES-7/8) by UN General Assembly (UNGA) at its emergency special session on question of Palestine. At this session, UNGA had appalled at great number of innocent Palestinian and Lebanese children victims of Israel’s acts of aggression. Originally it was focused on victims of1982 Lebanon War, but later its purpose was expanded to acknowledge the pain suffered by children throughout the world who are the victims of physical, emotional and mental abuse.</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In 1997, UNGA adopted 51/77 Resolution on the Rights of the Child. It was a landmark decision in an efforts to improve the protection of children in conflict situations. Resolution 51/77 was built on existing UNGA’s efforts to protect the rights of children, including through Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol and annual Rights of the Child resolutions. It also had established mandate of Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-day-innocent-children-victims-aggression', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/87cf/9bn5f6arq7vzo5u6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/87cf/9bn5f6arq7vzo5u6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression', 'metakeyword' => 'The International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression was established on 19 August 1982 (resolution ES-7/8) by UN General Assembly (UNGA) ', 'metadescription' => 'The International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression was established on 19 August 1982 (resolution ES-7/8) by UN General Assembly (UNGA) ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/l1l8wffx9q7fqxu/International_Day_of_Innocent_Children_Victims_of_Aggression_June_5.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 49 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1446, 'title' => 'World Blood Donor Day: June 14', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Blood Donor Day observed every year across the world on June 14 to thank voluntary, unpaid blood donors for their life-saving gifts of blood. It also raises awareness for regular blood donations to ensure uality, safety and availability of blood and blood products for patients in need. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">2019 Theme:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> “Safe blood for all”. It seeks to raise awareness of universal need for safe blood in delivery of health care and crucial roles that voluntary donations play in achieving the goal of universal health coverage.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Host country:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Rwanda is host country for World Blood Donor Day 2019. The global event for this year was held in Rwanda’s capital city Kigali on 14 June 2019. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Blood Donors Day was established by World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2004 to raise awareness of need for safe bold and blood products and to thank donors. It is one of the eight official global public health campaigns marked by WHO along with World Health Day (7 April), World Tuberculosis Day (24 March), World Immunization Week (last week of April), World Malaria Day (25 April), World No Tobacco Day (31 May), World Hepatitis Day (28 July) and World AIDS Day (1 December).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Importance of blood donation</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Blood donation (or transfusion of blood and blood products) every year helps save millions of lives. It is essential components in proper management of women suffering from bleeding associated with pregnancy and childbirth, patients with blood and bone marrow disorders, inherited disorders of haemoglobin, children suffering from severe anaemia due to malaria and malnutrition and immune deficiency conditions. It is also life saving component for victims of emergencies, trauma, disasters and accidents; as well as patients undergoing advanced medical and surgical procedures</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-blood-donor-day-june-14', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e80a/07r2a0rasr5fnrc6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e80a/07r2a0rasr5fnrc6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Blood Donor Day: June 14', 'metakeyword' => 'he World Blood Donor Day observed every year across the world on June 14 to thank voluntary, unpaid blood donors for their life-saving gifts of blood', 'metadescription' => 'he World Blood Donor Day observed every year across the world on June 14 to thank voluntary, unpaid blood donors for their life-saving gifts of blood', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/g4l019016iwu85w/World_Blood.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 50 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1460, 'title' => 'World Elder Abuse Awareness Day: June 15', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Elder Abuse Awareness Day (WEAAD) is observed every year across the world on June 15 to highlight the often silent suffering of the elder generation. Its objective is to voice opposition to the abuse and suffering inflicted on elderly people. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">2019 Theme: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">“<em>Lifting Up Voices</em>”. It is centered on unifying parallel fields of Elder Justice and Violence Against Women by bringing to forefront the lived experiences of older people around the globe. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Elder Abuse Awareness Day (WEAAD)<strong> </strong>was officially recognized by United Nations General Assembly in December 2011 through<strong> resolution 66/127 </strong>following a request by the International Network for the Prevention of Elder Abuse. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose of this day: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It aims to raise voice against abuse and suffering inflicted to some defenceless older people. It seeks to highlight elder abuse as a global social issue which affects health and human rights of millions of older persons around the world.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Forms of Elder abuse:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It can take various forms such as physical, psychological or emotional, and financial abuse. It can lead to serious physical injuries and long-term psychological consequences.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Extent of Elder Abuse: G</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">lobal population of people aged 60 years and older will more than double, from 900 million in 2015 to about 2 billion in 2050. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">According to UN, around 1 in 6 older people experience some form of abuse. It is predicted to increase as many countries across the world are experiencing rapidly ageing populations. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Note:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> In addition to this day, UN also observes International Day of Older Persons every year on October 1, recognizing contributions of older persons and to examine issues that affect their lives.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-elder-abuse-awareness-day-june-15', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c3b7/2ef0qy52rnzn2906g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c3b7/2ef0qy52rnzn2906g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Elder Abuse Awareness Day: June 15', 'metakeyword' => 'The World Elder Abuse Awareness Day (WEAAD) is observed every year across the world on June 15 to highlight the often silent suffering of the elder generation', 'metadescription' => 'The World Elder Abuse Awareness Day (WEAAD) is observed every year across the world on June 15 to highlight the often silent suffering of the elder generation', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/wogvi9xph7oxi7v/World_Elder_Abuse.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 51 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1432, 'title' => 'International Day against Child Labour: June 12', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day Against Child Labour is observed every year on 12 June to raise awareness against child labour. The theme for this year was "Children should not work in fields but on dreams". This year also marks 20 years since adoption of the ILO's Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182). </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Labour Organization (ILO) was launched in 2002 by International Labour Organization (ILO) to focus attention on global extent of child labour and action and efforts needed to eliminate it. Objective of this day is to bring together governments, employers and workers organizations, civil society as well as millions of people around the world to highlight the plight of child labourers and what can be done to help them.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Target 8.7 of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It calls on global community to take measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking. It also calls to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-day-against-child-labour', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e984/56r6b74m0bu6xn06g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e984/56r6b74m0bu6xn06g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Day against Child Labour: June 12', 'metakeyword' => 'The International Day Against Child Labour is observed every year on 12 June to raise awareness against child labour. ', 'metadescription' => 'The International Day Against Child Labour is observed every year on 12 June to raise awareness against child labour. ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/xn5b53g24f7gtc9/International_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 52 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1481, 'title' => 'June 18: World Sustainable Gastronomy Day', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Sustainable Gastronomy Day is observed every year across the world on June 18. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Observance of this day</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Acknowledges gastronomy as significant cultural expression related to natural and cultural diversity of the world. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Reaffirms that all civilizations and cultures are contributors and crucial enablers of sustainable development. </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Gastronomy: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is study of relationship between food and culture. It is basically is science of good eating and deals with art of preparing and serving rich or delicate and appetizing food, cooking styles of particular regions.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Sustainable Gastronomy Day was instituted by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) through <strong>resolution A/RES/71/246</strong> adopted in December 2016. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose of this day:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It seeks to draw focus of world for crucial role played by sustainable gastronomy, owing to its inter-linkages with three dimensions of sustainable development in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by promoting food security, nutrition, agricultural development, sustainable food production and conservation of biodiversity.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'june-18-world-sustainable-gastronomy-day', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d5d4/gchd1rigqvzsnad6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d5d4/gchd1rigqvzsnad6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'June 18: World Sustainable Gastronomy Day', 'metakeyword' => 'World Sustainable Gastronomy Day, observed every year, across the world, June 18', 'metadescription' => 'World Sustainable Gastronomy Day, observed every year, across the world, June 18', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/llysifti8itf3a7/June_18.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 53 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1488, 'title' => 'World Refugee Day: June 20', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Refugee Day is observed every year across the world June 20 to raise awareness of the situation of refugees throughout the world. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose of this day:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It seeks to draw attention to the plight of refugees across the world and celebrate their courage and resilience and renew global commitment to solve refugee problems</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">2019 Theme:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> <em>#StepWithRefugees — Take A Step on World Refugee Day.</em><strong> </strong>It seeks to highlight big and small steps in solidarity with refugees around the world by communities, schools, businesses, faith groups and people from all walks of life.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Refugee Day was instituted by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) through Resolution 55/76 passed in December 2000. It was passed to mark 50th anniversary of UN Refugee Convention, 1951. Since then, this day is observed annually with different themes. Prior institution of this day in 2000, Organization of African Unity (OAU) member states used to observe African Refugee Day on 20 June. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Refugees : </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">United Nations Refugee Convention 1951 defines refugees as those who have fled their country owing to well-founded fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or political opinion. </span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-refugee-day-june-20', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1f85/9l48i8qupkcj6zy6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/1f85/9l48i8qupkcj6zy6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Refugee Day: June 20 | World Refugee Day | Refugee Day', 'metakeyword' => 'World Refugee Day, observed every year, across the world, June 20, raise awareness, situation of refugees throughout the world', 'metadescription' => 'World Refugee Day, observed every year, across the world, June 20, raise awareness, situation of refugees throughout the world', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/dnfygopcjwc2pvc/World_Refugee.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 54 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1533, 'title' => 'International Day of the Seafarer: June 25', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The Day of the Seafarer is observed every year across the globe by International Maritime Organization (IMO) on 25 June as an expression of thanks to the seafarers for their contribution to the economy and civil society of the world. Observance of this day also acknowledges risks and personal costs endured by seafarers while being in their jobs. The theme (campaign) for year 2019 is <strong>‘I Am On Board with gender equality’.</strong> It aims to give strong emphasis in the maritime world on importance and value of women within the professional ranks.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Day of the Seafarer was proclaimed by International Maritime Organisation (IMO) in 2010. It was established in resolution adopted by 2010 Diplomatic Conference in Manila, Phillipines to adopt revised Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) Convention, 1978. This day was observed for first time in 2011 and since then it is observed annually. It has also been included in list of observances by United Nations. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose of this day:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It acknowledges that almost everything that we use in our daily lives has been directly or indirectly linked with sea transport. According to IMO, around 90</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% o</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">f the world’s goods trade is carried out through ships.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-day-seafarer', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/3b0a/ovt8kdr6j0x7ct86g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/3b0a/ovt8kdr6j0x7ct86g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Day of the Seafarer: June 25', 'metakeyword' => 'The Day of the Seafarer is observed every year across the globe by International Maritime Organization (IMO) on 25 June', 'metadescription' => 'The Day of the Seafarer is observed every year across the globe by International Maritime Organization (IMO) on 25 June', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/ridsd8a9qst1g23/International_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 55 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1542, 'title' => 'International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking: June 26', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking is observed every year across the world on June 26 to raise awareness of major problem that illicit drugs. It also seeks to highlight expression of United Nations’ (UN) determination to strengthen action and cooperation to achieve goal of international society free of drug abuse. The official theme for year 2019 is “<strong>Health for Justice. Justice for Health”. </strong>It aims to highlight that health and justice are two sides of the same coin when it comes to addressing drug problems.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking was officially instituted by UN General Assembly (UNGA) by adopting resolution 42/112 in December 1987. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why June 26?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The date was chosen to commemorate Lin Zexu’s (Chinese scholar and official of the Qing dynasty) dismantling of opium trade in Humen, Guangdong, just before First Opium War in China (1839–42). </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose of this day:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It recognizes that despite continued and increased efforts by international community, the world drug problem continues to constitute serious threat to public health, well-being of humanity and safety, in particular young people and national security and sovereignty of States and that it undermines socio-economic and political stability and sustainable development. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It also seeks to encourage United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to continue their work on international drug control. It also urges all Governments to provide fullest possible financial and political support to enable UNODC to continue, expand and strengthen its operational and technical cooperation activities, within its mandates.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-day-against-drug-abuse-illicit-trafficking', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d604/rfr47bi8pcda3ad6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d604/rfr47bi8pcda3ad6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Day Against Drug Abuse June 26', 'metakeyword' => 'The International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking is observed every year across the world on June 26 to raise awareness of major problem that illicit drugs. ', 'metadescription' => 'The International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking is observed every year across the world on June 26 to raise awareness of major problem that illicit drugs. ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/2jrbva96m25z8jd/International_Day_Against_Drug.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 56 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1553, 'title' => '2nd International SME Convention held in New Delhi', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The second edition of International SME Convention was held in New Delhi. It was organized by Union Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) on the occasion of International MSME Day. The theme for this edition of convention was “Indian MSMEs, Global Aspirations”.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Government target for MSMEs</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">During the convention, Union Minister for MSME said that the government has set the following targets of raising the contribution of MSME sector to the country's GDP to 50 % from the present 29 %and ensure that MSME sector gave employment to at least 15 Crore people against the 11.1 Crore at present.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About International SME Convention</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The first editon of International SME Convention was held in April 2018. It is was organsed by Ministry of MSME in association with India SME Forum. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) are the Institutional Partners for this event. Objectives of International SME Convention are to boost international competitiveness of Indian MSMEs by making them aware of global market demand, ease of export financing for exports and developing strategies to penetrate new markets.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => '2nd-international-sme-convention-new-delhi', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0d73/1l4kdzkfl7xlku96g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0d73/1l4kdzkfl7xlku96g.jpg', 'metatitle' => '2nd International SME Convention held in New Delhi', 'metakeyword' => 'The second edition of International SME Convention was held in New Delhi. It was organized by Union Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)', 'metadescription' => 'The second edition of International SME Convention was held in New Delhi. It was organized by Union Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/1axd51so8loy524/2nd_International_SME_Convention_held_in_New_Delhi.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 57 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1550, 'title' => 'Micro-Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Day (MSME) Day: June 27', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSME) Day is observed every year on June 27 across the world to highlight strong contributions of MSME businesses worldwide to livelihoods, communities and economies, and need to support MSMEs towards their success. This year it is third edition of MSME Day after it was instituted in April 2017. The campaign slogan of MSME Day 2019 <strong>is “Big Money For Small Business’.</strong></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The Internatinal Micro-, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSME) Day was proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) through resolution A/RES/71/279 to recognize need to improve small business access to microfinance and credit. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The resolution was introduced by delegation of Argentina and was co-sponsored by 54 member states and adopted without vote by 193-member UNGA in April 2017. Its purpose is to encourage member states to facilitate observance of day by increasing awareness and actions to support small business.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Objectives of this day </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Advocate importance of MSMEs in youth employment.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Raise awareness around youth entrepreneurship. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Raise awareness around skills needed by youth to acquire decent jobs </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Importance of MSMEs </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">MSMEs are major job providers and catalysts for growth. They promote innovation, creativity and decent work for all and are critical force in realizing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They contribute four in five new formal jobs created in emerging markets. The private sector led by MSMEs drives jobs growth and accounts for 87% of total employment. They also tend to employ larger share of vulnerable sectors of workforce, such as women, youth, and people from poorer households. They also serve as group are main income provider for income distribution at “base of the pyramid”. </span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'msme-day-june-27', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/dca9/4t1fl4ydtql5rqd6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/dca9/4t1fl4ydtql5rqd6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Micro-Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Day (MSME) Day: June 27', 'metakeyword' => 'The International Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSME) Day is observed every year on June 27 across the world ', 'metadescription' => 'The International Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSME) Day is observed every year on June 27 across the world ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/ftlsmmex1rc2kum/Micro-Small_%28MSME%29_Day_June_27.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 58 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1606, 'title' => 'International Day of Parliamentarism: 30 June', 'description' => '<h2 style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of Parliamentarism is celebrated every year on June 30 across the world to recognize important role played by parliaments in national plans and strategies and ensuring greater transparency and accountability at national and global levels. </span></span></span></span></h2> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose of this day:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It celebrates importance of parliamentarians, as cornerstone of democracy and as institutions designed to improve lives of people they represent. It provides opportunity for parliaments to identify challenges, and ways to address them effectively.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of Parliamentarism was instituted by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) through resolution A/RES/72/278 adopted in May 2018 to recognise role of parliaments in national plans and strategies. This resolution called on UN and its member states to work more closely with parliaments as well as Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) on issues relating to human rights, gender equality, health and peace and youth empowerment. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why June 30?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> This date coincides with day in 1889, on which Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), the global organization of parliaments was founded.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Facts and Figures</span></span></strong> </span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Parliaments represent voice of people, enact laws, allocate funds to implement policies and laws and most importantly hold governments accountable for their actions. The oldest parliament is Icelandic Parliament called as Althingi which was founded in 930.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Parliamentary system of government falls into two categories viz. unicameral (having only one chamber) and bicameral (having two chambers of parliament). Out of 193 member countries of UN, 79 are having bicameral legislatures (including India) and 114 are having unicameral legislatures. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is global inter-parliamentary institution. It was established in 1889 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It was first permanent forum for political multilateral negotiations. Its has permanent observer status at UNGA.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Evolution of IPU:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Its initial objective was arbitration of conflicts and had played important role setting up Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague. Over time, its mission shifted in promotion of democracy and inter-parliamentary dialogue.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Initially, it was only meant for individual parliamentarians, but later transformed into international organization of parliaments of sovereign states. It also has played key role in establishment of institutions at inter-governmental level, including UN</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Members of IPU:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The national parliaments of 178 countries are its members. Besides, 12 regional parliamentary assemblies are its associate members. </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-day-parliamentarism-30-june', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c31b/oqwhp37wj1b0ukl6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c31b/oqwhp37wj1b0ukl6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Day of Parliamentarism: 30 June', 'metakeyword' => 'The International Day of Parliamentarism is celebrated every year on June 30 across the world to recognize important role played by parliaments', 'metadescription' => 'The International Day of Parliamentarism is celebrated every year on June 30 across the world to recognize important role played by parliaments', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/d3ic9us877cpb84/International_Day_of_Parliamentarism_30_June.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 59 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1588, 'title' => 'National Statistics Day: June 29', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The National Statistics Day is celebrated every year in India on June 29 to create public awareness about the importance of statistics in socio-economic planning and policy formulation. This day celebrates birth anniversary of Late Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis and acknowledges his notable contribution in fields of statistics, statistical system and economic planning. The theme of Statistics Day 2019 is <strong>“Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)”.</strong> It underscores for intensive and focused discussions towards filling data gaps and improvement of timelines and quality in SDGs.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The Statistics Day observed on June 29 was officially designated by Union Government in 2007 in recognition of notable contributions made by Late Professor PC Mahalanobis in the fields of statistics. Since then it is observed annually and every year Union Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI) and Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) selects particular theme for day.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About PC Mahalanobis </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He was Indian scientist and applied statistician. Born on 29 June 1893 in Kolkata, West Bengal. Died on 28 June 1972 in Kolkata.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He was the first statistician from India to receive world recognition. He is referred to as chief architect of Indian statistical system as well as father of statistical science in India.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He established Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in 1931 in Kolkata. The institute founded India’s first statistical journal journal Sankhya, along lines of Karl Pearson’s Biometrika. ISI was made an autonomous body of MoSPI in 1959.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Post-independence, he had helped (as honorary statistical adviser to cabinet) in establishment of Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), National Sample Survey (NSS) and Annual Survey of Industries (ASI).</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">In 1947, he was elected Chairman of United Nations Sub-Commission on Statistical Sampling and held this post until 1951.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He had introduced statistical measure named Mahalanobis distance in 1936. It is widely used in cluster analysis and classification techniques. His most important contribution is related to Large-Scale Sample Surveys. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He introduced three key concepts to theory and practice of sample surveys viz. Pilot surveys, Optimum survey design and Inter Penetrating Network of sub-samples technique (IPNS).</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He was also member of the Planning Commission (PC) from 1955 to 1967. The 2nd Five-Year Plan had relied on mathematical description of Indian economy framed by Mahalanobis. This plan had encouraged development of heavy industry in India and later became known as Nehru-Mahalanobis model or Basic Industry strategy of economic growth.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'national-statistics-day-june-29', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/2554/h2938d4ob943va16g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/2554/h2938d4ob943va16g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'National Statistics Day: June 29', 'metakeyword' => 'The National Statistics Day is celebrated every year in India on June 29 to create public awareness about the importance of statistics in socio-economic planning and policy formulation. ', 'metadescription' => 'The National Statistics Day is celebrated every year in India on June 29 to create public awareness about the importance of statistics in socio-economic planning and policy formulation. ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/kxtyjk2bbtyz30v/National_Statistics_Day_June_29.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 60 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1615, 'title' => 'National Doctors Day: July 1 ', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The National Doctors’ Day is observed every year across India on 1 July to express gratitude and acknowledge commitment and dedication of the doctors’ towards our society. It also aims to honour legendary physician and second Chief Minister of West Bengal Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy whose birth and death anniversary coincides on the same day. The theme for National Doctor’s 2019: ‘Zero tolerance to violence against doctors and clinical establishment’. It is meant to raise awareness about violence happening with doctors across India.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He was highly respected physician, renowned freedom fighter, educationist, philanthropist and politician. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He was born on 1 July 1882 in Patna (Bihar) and died at age of 80 years on 1 July 1962 in Kolkata (West Bengal). </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">He was an alumnus of Medical College Calcutta of University of Calcutta. He was member of the Brahmo Samaj.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Political Career:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> He was second Chief Minister of West Bengal and remained in his post for 14 years from 1948 until his death in 1962. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Contributions:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> He was instrumental in formation of Indian Medical Association (IMA) in 1928 and also in establishment of Medical Council of India (MCI). He is often considered architect of West Bengal. As CM, he had founded five cities of West Bengal Bidhannagar, Durgapur, Ashokenagar, Kalyani and Habra.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Honours and Recognitions:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> He was awarded India’s highest civilian award <strong>Bharat Ratna</strong> in 1961. Union Government has instituted National Doctor’s Day in 1991 in his memory. Besides, it also has instituted Dr BC Roy National Award in his memory. </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'national-doctors-day-july-1 ', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4f24/b5xy0da9vcxa93r6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/4f24/b5xy0da9vcxa93r6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'National Doctors Day: July 1 ', 'metakeyword' => 'National Doctors’ Day is observed every year across India on 1 July to express gratitude and acknowledge commitment and dedication of the doctors’ towards our society.', 'metadescription' => 'National Doctors’ Day is observed every year across India on 1 July to express gratitude and acknowledge commitment and dedication of the doctors’ towards our society.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/jgq3d8lab9b03kn/National_Doctors_Day_July_1.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 61 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1654, 'title' => 'International Day of Cooperatives 2019: July 6', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The International Day of Cooperatives (IDC) is observed on first Saturday of July, ever year across the world to promote co-operative model as it contains core aspects of sustainable development and is based on ethical values and principles. This year it was observed on July 6, 2019 with theme ‘COOPS 4 DECENT WORK’.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">International Co-operative Day (IDC) was proclaimed as first Saturday of July by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) by adopting resolution 47/90 in December 1992 to mark centenary of establishment of the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Objective of Day:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It aims to increase awareness of cooperatives. It also underscores contributions of cooperative movement to resolving major problems addressed by UN and to strengthen and extend partnerships between international cooperative movement and other actors.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'international-day-cooperatives-2019-july-6', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/84e2/ksny7rsdpdm7fay6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/84e2/ksny7rsdpdm7fay6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'International Day of Cooperatives 2019: July 6', 'metakeyword' => 'The International Day of Cooperatives (IDC) is observed on first Saturday of July, ever year across the world to promote co-operative model ', 'metadescription' => 'The International Day of Cooperatives (IDC) is observed on first Saturday of July, ever year across the world to promote co-operative model ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/5swtvniw9i0ntt2/International_Day_of_Cooperatives.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 62 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1693, 'title' => 'World Population Day: July 11', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Population Day is observed ever year on July 11 across the world to draw attention on urgency and importance of population issue. It also aims to increase awareness on various population issues such as importance of family planning, maternal health, gender equality, poverty and human rights. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Population Day 2019 marks 25 years since landmark International Conference on Population & Development (ICPD) held at Cairo (Egypt) in 1994. This event had marked paradigm shift from earlier policies to one that places individual at centre, and respects choice, rights and empowerment. T</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The 25th anniversary of ICPD is opportune moment for global community to reflect on the progress made in advancing agenda of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights and address remaining challenges.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Population Day was instituted by the then Governing Council of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1989. Later in December 1990, UN General Assembly (UNGA) decided to continue observing World Population Day by adopting resolution 45/216 to enhance awareness of population issues, including their relations to the environment and development. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why July 11?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It was inspired by public interest in Five Billion Day on July 11, 1987. On this date world’s approximate population had reached 5 billion people.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was observed for first time on 11 July 1990 in more than 90 countries. Since then, it is observed annually by number of UN Population Fund (UNFPA) country offices and other organizations and institutions in partnership with governments and civil society.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Concerns:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> The world population has grown tremendously over the past years. According to UN, every year about 83 million people are added to world’s population. By 2030, this pace the world population is expected to reach 8.6 billion mark. The growing population possess threat to livelihood and quick depletion of natural resources. It also hampers Sustainable Development. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">10 Most Populous Countries in the World</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">: China (1.4 billion inhabitants,18% of world population), India (1.3 billion,17.7), United States (329 Million), Indonesia (269 million), Brazil (212 million), Pakistan (204 million), Nigeria (200 million), Bangladesh (168 million), Russia (143 million) and Mexico (132 million).</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-population-day-july-2011', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/3e84/euj3lcxj1sp00u76g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/3e84/euj3lcxj1sp00u76g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Population Day: July 11', 'metakeyword' => 'World Population Day is observed ever year on July 11 across the world to draw attention on urgency and importance of population issue. ', 'metadescription' => 'World Population Day is observed ever year on July 11 across the world to draw attention on urgency and importance of population issue. ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/dcsdm404yo7ed84/World_Population_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 63 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1709, 'title' => 'World Youth Skills Day: 15 July', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Youth Skills Day is observed every year across the world on 15 July to promote youth skills development and abilities. Observance of this day aims to raise awareness about importance of investing in youth skills development. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It also seeks to create more awareness on training and development of skills for youth of today and also create better employment opportunities for the youth. The theme for year 2019 is ‘Learning to learn for life and work’. It seeks to put light on mechanisms needed to operationalise lifelong learning.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">On this day, fourth anniversary of the Skill India Mission was also observed. To mark this day TikTok and National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) collaborated and launched an in-app campaign ‘Skills4All’</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Youth Skills Day was instituted by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in November 2014, to raise awareness about the importance of investing in youth skills development. </span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-youth-skills-day', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/7a1c/8ryh0pxdx3diwpm6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/7a1c/8ryh0pxdx3diwpm6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Youth Skills Day: 15 July', 'metakeyword' => 'World Youth Skills Day is observed every year across the world on 15 July to promote youth skills development and abilities', 'metadescription' => 'World Youth Skills Day is observed every year across the world on 15 July to promote youth skills development and abilities', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/z0yy2a2iw3oe0zg/World_Youth_Skills_Day.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 64 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1756, 'title' => '11th DefExpo to be held in Lucknow, UP', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The 11th biennial edition of DefExpo India- 2020 is scheduled to be held in Uttar Pradesh’s capital Lucknow. This will be for the first time UP will host this biennial defence expo. The previous 10th of the expo was held in Chennai in 2018.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About DefExpo India- 2020</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Theme:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> ‘India: The Emerging Defence Manufacturing Hub’.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Special focus:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> ‘Digital Transformation of Defence’. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Features of DefExpo 2020:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> This mega expo will showcase India`s Defence Manufacturing Prowess. It will also provide unique platform for Defence industry Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), exhibitors and private industry to display their latest innovations and capabilities. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will also highlight emergence of UP as attractive destination for investment in the defence sector. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will provide opportunity for Indian defence industry to showcase its capabilities to the world and leverage its potential to export the defence equipment to different parts of the world.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Uttar Pradesh has strong defence industrial infrastructure, including four units of Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) at Lucknow, Kanpur, Korwa and Naini (Prayagraj), 9 ordnance factory units, including Kanpur, Shahjahanpur, Korwa, Firozabad and one unit of Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) at Ghaziabad. Uttar Pradesh is also set to get one of two proposed Defence Industrial Corridors (DICs) of the country. The corridor will encourage Defence Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and play important role in promoting Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs).</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => '11th-defexpo-lucknow-up', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ead9/g28yrrnkufwxgen6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ead9/g28yrrnkufwxgen6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => '11th DefExpo to be held in Lucknow, UP', 'metakeyword' => 'The 11th biennial edition of DefExpo India- 2020 is scheduled to be held in Uttar Pradesh’s capital Lucknow. This will be for the first time UP will host this biennial defence expo', 'metadescription' => 'The 11th biennial edition of DefExpo India- 2020 is scheduled to be held in Uttar Pradesh’s capital Lucknow. This will be for the first time UP will host this biennial defence expo', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/4an9kpcndk7vnbd/11th_DefExpo_to_be_held_in_Lucknow%2C_UP.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 65 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1763, 'title' => 'National Broadcasting Day: July 23', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The National Broadcasting day is observed every across India on July 23. On this day in 1927, the first ever radio broadcast in India went on air from Bombay Station under private company, the Indian Broadcasting Company. Since then radio has been an important part in people's life in India.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Radio Broadcasting in India </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The radio broadcasting in India was started during the British rule in 1923 under imitative of the Radio Club of Bombay. Later in 1927, IBC which was private entity then was granted permission by then British India Government to operate two radio stations in Mumbai (then Bombay) and Kolkata (then Calcutta). </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Since then, radio had gained immense popularity and also changed the socio-economic life of people. In 1930, then British India Government took over radio broadcasting and started Indian State Broadcasting Service (ISBS). Later on 8th of June, 1936, ISBS became All India Radio (AIR). </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Currently, AIR is one of the largest public broadcasting organisations in the world in terms of the spectrum of socio-economic, the number of languages of broadcasts and cultural diversity it serves. It services at present comprises around 414 stations located across the country with reach to 99.19</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of the total population and 92</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">% </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">of the country’s area in 23 languages and 146 dialects.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'national-broadcasting-day-july-23', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e774/vrdwo17hhw23uzt6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/e774/vrdwo17hhw23uzt6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'National Broadcasting Day: July 23', 'metakeyword' => 'The National Broadcasting day is observed every across India on July 23. On this day in 1927, the first ever radio broadcast in India went on air from Bombay Station under private company', 'metadescription' => 'The National Broadcasting day is observed every across India on July 23. On this day in 1927, the first ever radio broadcast in India went on air from Bombay Station under private company', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/6pwm1cy3qs7a312/National_Broadcasting_Day_July_23.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 66 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1771, 'title' => '159th Income Tax Day celebrated', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) celebrated 159th Income Tax Day (Aaykar Diwas) on July 24, 2019. On this occasion, CBDT launched “Kardaata e-Sahyog Abhiyaan” to assist and support taxpayers and other stakeholders in enabling them to e-file their returns and discharge other tax related obligations.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Components of Kardaata e-Sahyog Abhiyaan: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">(i) Facilitation camps for e-filing (ii) Outreach programmes with taxpayers, and e-return preparers (iii) Video conferencing with stakeholders (iv) Training with hands-on experience of taxpayers/stakeholders (v) Hand-holding and enabling taxpayers on IT related matters and related changes in forms/laws/utilities etc.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why 24th July is celebrated as Income Tax Day</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">?</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> On this day in 1860, income tax was introduced for the first time in India by British civil servant Sir James Wilson to compensate for losses incurred by British regime during first war of independence against British Rule. </span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => '159th-income-tax-day-celebrated', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/eca1/lgu6hs5q3ie9yr66g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/eca1/lgu6hs5q3ie9yr66g.jpg', 'metatitle' => '159th Income Tax Day celebrated', 'metakeyword' => 'The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) celebrated 159th Income Tax Day (Aaykar Diwas) on July 24, 2019.', 'metadescription' => 'The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) celebrated 159th Income Tax Day (Aaykar Diwas) on July 24, 2019.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/6t3djsz7jztyxp7/159th_Income_Tax_Day_celebrated.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 67 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1793, 'title' => '20th anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas celebrated', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">20th anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas celebrated on July 26, 2019 across the nation to commemorate success of ''Operation Vijay'' which was launched by Indian Army to recapture strategic Indian territories held by the Pakistani intruders in the Kargil-Drass sector in 1999. The theme for this year’s celebration was ‘Remember, Rejoice and Renew’.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India-Pakistan Kargil War</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It had taken place between May and July of 1999 in Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir. It was started after infiltration of both Pakistani troops and terrorists deep inside Indian territory in strategic positions that overlooked the only road link between Srinagar and Leh.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The conflict is believed to have been orchestrated by then Pakistan army chief General Pervez Musharraf without knowledge Pakistan Government led by then Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Following this illegal infiltration and occupation of strategic positions, Indian Army had launched “Operation Vijay”. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was also supported by Indian Air Force’s operation Safed Sagar. It was for first time air power at height of 32,000 feet.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">This Indo-Pak is always remembered for its strategic and tactical surprises, self-imposed national strategy of restraint in keeping war limited to Kargil - Siachen Sectors and swiftly executed co-ordinated tri-services military strategy and plans.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">This 60-day long war resulted in loss of several lives on both the sides, India eventually won unofficial war by regaining control of all previously held territory, re-establishing status quo ante-bellum.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => '20th-anniversary-kargil-vijay-diwas-celebrated', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/f32c/3tzst17qciwttnq6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/f32c/3tzst17qciwttnq6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => '20th anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas celebrated', 'metakeyword' => '20th anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas celebrated on July 26, 2019 across the nation to commemorate success of ''Operation Vijay'' ', 'metadescription' => '20th anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas celebrated on July 26, 2019 across the nation to commemorate success of ''Operation Vijay'' ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/xcactq4oj01ttdn/20th_anniversary_of_Kargil_Vijay_Diwas_celebrated.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 68 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 1797, 'title' => 'World Hepatitis Day: July 28', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">The World Hepatitis Day is being observed every year on July 28 to spread awareness about viral hepatitis. This year’s theme was “Invest in eliminating hepatitis”. The host country for World Hepatitis Day 2019 was Pakistan.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Purpose of World Hepatitis Day</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">To encourage diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Hepatitis.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Provide single global platform to raise awareness about hepatitis and influence real change in disease prevention, testing and treatment. </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">World Hepatitis Day is one of the 8 official global public health campaigns marked by the World Health Organization (WHO). It was proclaimed by WHO by passing resolution in May 2010, thus providing official endorsement to it. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Why 28 July?</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> This day was chosen to mark the birth anniversary of Professor Baruch Blumberg who had discovered hepatitis B virus. He was awarded with Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1976) for this discovery and also developing diagnostic test and vaccine for the virus. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Hepatitis </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is an inflammation of the liver which can also progress to fibrosis (scarring), cirrhosis or liver cancer. Its s name has derived from Greek word ‘Hepar’ meaning liver and ‘itis’ meaning inflammation.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Cause:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It is mostly caused by group of <em>hepatitis viruses</em>. There are 5 types of hepatitis viz. A, B, C, D and E. Each type is caused by a different hepatitis virus. Hepatitis A and E are caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water (transmitted via oral-faecal route). Hepatitis B, C and D are transmitted through contaminated needles/syringes (particularly among the drug users), unsafe blood transfusions or sexual-transmission or even mother-to-child transmission. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Preventive steps for controlling Hepatitis:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 3.3) eliminating viral hepatitis by 2030calls for. India has included Hepatitis B vaccination under expanded Universal Immunization Programme. Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has launched National Viral Hepatitis Control Programme in collaboration with WHO to eliminate Viral Hepatitis as public health threat by 2030 in the country. </span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'world-hepatitis-day-july-28', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d1ba/xex7e0l18d94bxp6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d1ba/xex7e0l18d94bxp6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'World Hepatitis Day: July 28', 'metakeyword' => 'he World Hepatitis Day is being observed every year on July 28 to spread awareness about viral hepatitis.', 'metadescription' => 'he World Hepatitis Day is being observed every year on July 28 to spread awareness about viral hepatitis.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/o7roy2w9wyefzxo/World_Hepatitis_Day_July_28.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 69 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 2043, 'title' => 'Prime Minister launches nation-wide “Fit India Movement”', 'description' => '<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Context: </strong><span style="background-color:white">The Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi launched the Fit India Movement at a ceremony in New Delhi <strong>on 29/08/2019 on the occasion of National Sports Day.</strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white">More:</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="list-style-type:none"> </li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white">Launching the people’s movement on the birth anniversary of Major Dhyanchand, Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tributes to Major Dhyanchand, India’s sports icon who enthralled the world with his game and techniques.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white">Launching the people’s movement on the birth anniversary of Major Dhyanchand, Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tributes to Major Dhyanchand, India’s sports icon who enthralled the world with his game and techniques.</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white">The Prime Minister <strong>urged the people </strong>of the country <strong>to make fitness their life style.</strong></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white">The Prime Minister said that ‘Fit India Movement’ should <strong>become a national goal and its aspiration. </strong></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white">In an effort to inspire the nation, the Prime Minister said that Fit India Movement may have <strong>been started by the government but it is the people who have to lead it and make it a success.</strong></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white">The Prime Minister said that people in any profession can make themselves efficient in their profession if they are mentally and physical fit. </span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white">“<strong>Swasth vyakti, swasth parivar aur swasth samaj, yahi naye Bharat ko shresth Bharat banane ka raasta hai.</strong> Today, on National Sports Day we pledge to strengthen the Fit India Movement”, the Prime Minister said.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'fit-india-movement”', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ce69/7mmy10z7wtawtgu6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ce69/7mmy10z7wtawtgu6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Prime Minister launches nation-wide “Fit India Movement”', 'metakeyword' => 'Prime Minister launches nation-wide “Fit India Movement”, Fit India Movement', 'metadescription' => 'The Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi launched the Fit India Movement at a ceremony in New Delhi on 29/08/2019 on the occasion of National Sports Day', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/5kzo5pfbpvcs9r4/Prime_Minister_launches_nation-wide.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 70 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 6468, 'title' => 'Operation Trident', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">On December 4, India celebrates Navy Day to recognize the achievements and role of the Indian Navy during 1971 Bangladesh liberation war.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">December 4 is celebrated as Navy Day to commemorate the decisive naval action by the Indian Naval ships on Karachi Port.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Operation Trident was an offensive operation launched by the Indian Navy on Pakistan's port city of Karachi during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The attack was successful as it sank a minesweeper, a destroyer, and an ammunition supply ship. The Indian Navy planned the attack at night as Pakistan did not have aircraft that could carry out bombings at night.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Indian attack consisted of 3 Vidyut class missile boats, 2 anti-submarines, and a tanker. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">After the operation, there were no casualties from India, though 5 Pakistani sailors and over 700 men were injured. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Indian Navy's three warships -- INS Nipat, INS Nirghat, and INS Veer -- played an important role in the attack.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A strike group under Western Naval Command was formed for this mission. This strike group was to be based around the three Vidyut-class missile boats already deployed off the coast of Okha.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">INS Nipat perhaps did the biggest damage by taking down the Kemari oil storage tanks with the missile hitting its target. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The oil tank was hit causing an acute shortage for Pakistani vessels disabling their economic link and their ability to fight back.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">India launched Operation Python in order to repel any Pakistani retaliation. India did not suffer any casualties even as Pakistani ships launched an attack and a Pakistani tanker was destroyed.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'operation-trident', 'image' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c8df/qzpdonu3fqrgtxb6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c8df/qzpdonu3fqrgtxb6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Operation Trident | Navy Day 2020', 'metakeyword' => 'Operation Trident | Navy Day 2020 | Why India remembers Operation Trident every year on December 4', 'metadescription' => 'On December 4, India celebrates Navy Day to recognize the achievements and role of the Indian Navy during 1971 Bangladesh liberation war.', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/ywtr5kwgswdiddy/2.Operation_Trident.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 71 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Days & Dates', 'keyword' => 'days-dates', 'id' => (int) 6603, 'title' => 'Choosing Republic Day guest', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Prime Minister Boris Johnson of the United Kingdom will be the <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/boris-johnson-chief-guest-india-republic-day-celebrations-7105782/" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline">Chief Guest at the forthcoming Republic Day parade</a>. </span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Johnson will be the sixth leader from the UK to be Chief Guest at the Republic Day celebrations. The last British leader to be Chief Guest was Prime Minister John Major in 1993.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Significance of honour</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While the visit of the Chief Guest at the Republic Day parade is similar to a State visit by any foreign high dignitary, it is the highest honour that India accords to a guest in protocol terms.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Chief Guest is given the ceremonial guard of honour at Rashtrapati Bhavan, he attends the reception in the evening hosted by the President of India, he lays a wreath at Rajghat, there is a banquet in his honour, a lunch hosted by the Prime Minister, and calls by the Vice-President and the External Affairs Minister.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It portrays the Chief Guest as participating in India’s pride and happiness, and reflects the friendship between the two peoples represented by the President of India and the Chief Guest.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Choosing the guest</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government extends its invitation to a Head of State or Government after careful consideration. This process commences almost six months ahead of Republic Day.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) considers a number of issues, the most important of which is the nature of India’s relationship with the country concerned.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Other factors include political, economic, and commercial relations, the neighbourhood, military cooperation, prominence in regional groupings, or past association in the Non Aligned Movement, common struggle against apartheid, and the domination of the developed countries.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The MEA seeks the Prime Minister’s approval, after which the clearance of Rashtrapati Bhavan is sought. Thereafter, India’s ambassadors in the concerned countries try to ascertain discreetly the potential Chief Guests’ programme and availability for Republic Day.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Protocol Chief explains to his counterpart from the visitor’s side the detailed programme which, for the Republic Day ceremonies, has to be followed minute-by-minute with military precision.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Once everything has been sorted out, India sends a formal invitation to the concerned guest for attending the Republic Day parade as the chief-guest, which is accepted immediately.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'choosing-republic-day-guest', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/aad5/73j0bc1jopxd1f56g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/aad5/73j0bc1jopxd1f56g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Choosing Republic Day guest | Republic Day guest', 'metakeyword' => 'Choosing Republic Day guest', 'metadescription' => 'Johnson will be the sixth leader from the UK to be Chief Guest at the Republic Day celebrations. 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The last British leader to be Chief Guest was Prime Minister John Major in 1993.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Significance of honour</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While the visit of the Chief Guest at the Republic Day parade is similar to a State visit by any foreign high dignitary, it is the highest honour that India accords to a guest in protocol terms.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Chief Guest is given the ceremonial guard of honour at Rashtrapati Bhavan, he attends the reception in the evening hosted by the President of India, he lays a wreath at Rajghat, there is a banquet in his honour, a lunch hosted by the Prime Minister, and calls by the Vice-President and the External Affairs Minister.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It portrays the Chief Guest as participating in India’s pride and happiness, and reflects the friendship between the two peoples represented by the President of India and the Chief Guest.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Choosing the guest</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government extends its invitation to a Head of State or Government after careful consideration. 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