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'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Issue</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">NASA released a set of satellite images of Greenland glaciers capturing the transformation of the ice cover from 1972 to 2019.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><span style="color:black">The Greenland ice sheet is a vast body of </span></span></span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice" title="Ice"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><span style="color:black">ice</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"> covering 1,710,000 square kilometres (660,000 sq mi), roughly 80% of the surface of Greenland. It is the second largest ice body in the world, after the Antarctic ice sheet. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Details</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">According to the National Snow and Ice Data Centre, around 90 per cent of the surface of Greenland’s ice sheet melted at some point between </span></span><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/weather/data-shows-july-equaled-or-surpassed-hottest-month-says-un-chief-antonio-guterres-5871450/"><span style="color:black">July 30 and Aug 2</span></a><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">, during which time an estimated 55 billion tons of ice melted into the ocean.</span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">NASA satellite images taken from <strong>Landsat 8</strong> satellite on August 12, 2019, show the glaciers appearing brownish grey in colour, confirming the retreat of ice fronts. The colour indicates the melted surface– a process that concentrates dust and rock particles and leads to a darker recrystallized ice sheet surface.</span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">According to NASA, the <strong>Helheim Glacier</strong>, one of the largest and fastest flowing of its kind in Greenland, has retreated around 4.7 miles or 7.5 kilometres as visible in Landsat images taken at 50 years of interval.</span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">Similarly, the <strong>Midgard Glacier</strong> has retreated around 10 miles or 16 kilometres, splitting into two branches farther up the fjord.</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">What does the Images Indicate?</span></span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">The melting of Greenland’s ice sheet is among one of the most visible signs of </span></span><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/underwater-glacial-melting-much-faster-than-predicted-study-5860788/"><span style="color:black">man-made climate change</span></a><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"> spurred by the burning of fossil fuels.</span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"> The melting has contributed to a rapid sea-level rise which puts the coastal areas around the world at risk. </span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/world/nasa-scientists-fly-over-greenland-to-track-melting-ice-5908897/"><span style="color:black">Experts have warned</span></a><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"> that if the entire Greenland ice sheet melts, it could add 20 feet or more to global sea level.</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
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'title' => 'Greenland glacier melting due to climate change',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Issue</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">NASA released a set of satellite images of Greenland glaciers capturing the transformation of the ice cover from 1972 to 2019.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><span style="color:black">The Greenland ice sheet is a vast body of </span></span></span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice" title="Ice"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><span style="color:black">ice</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"> covering 1,710,000 square kilometres (660,000 sq mi), roughly 80% of the surface of Greenland. It is the second largest ice body in the world, after the Antarctic ice sheet. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Details</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">According to the National Snow and Ice Data Centre, around 90 per cent of the surface of Greenland’s ice sheet melted at some point between </span></span><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/weather/data-shows-july-equaled-or-surpassed-hottest-month-says-un-chief-antonio-guterres-5871450/"><span style="color:black">July 30 and Aug 2</span></a><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">, during which time an estimated 55 billion tons of ice melted into the ocean.</span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">NASA satellite images taken from <strong>Landsat 8</strong> satellite on August 12, 2019, show the glaciers appearing brownish grey in colour, confirming the retreat of ice fronts. The colour indicates the melted surface– a process that concentrates dust and rock particles and leads to a darker recrystallized ice sheet surface.</span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">According to NASA, the <strong>Helheim Glacier</strong>, one of the largest and fastest flowing of its kind in Greenland, has retreated around 4.7 miles or 7.5 kilometres as visible in Landsat images taken at 50 years of interval.</span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">Similarly, the <strong>Midgard Glacier</strong> has retreated around 10 miles or 16 kilometres, splitting into two branches farther up the fjord.</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">What does the Images Indicate?</span></span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">The melting of Greenland’s ice sheet is among one of the most visible signs of </span></span><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/underwater-glacial-melting-much-faster-than-predicted-study-5860788/"><span style="color:black">man-made climate change</span></a><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"> spurred by the burning of fossil fuels.</span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"> The melting has contributed to a rapid sea-level rise which puts the coastal areas around the world at risk. </span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/world/nasa-scientists-fly-over-greenland-to-track-melting-ice-5908897/"><span style="color:black">Experts have warned</span></a><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"> that if the entire Greenland ice sheet melts, it could add 20 feet or more to global sea level.</span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
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