Code Context </style>
<?php if(sizeof($quizpole)>0){?>
<h3>Quiz for <?php echo $title; ?></h3>
$viewFile = '/var/www/currentaffairs.studyiq.com/plugins/Studyiq/src/Template/Pages/tagdetails.ctp'
$dataForView = [
'headertags' => [
(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
],
'breadcrumb' => [
(int) 0 => [
'name' => 'Home',
'link' => 'https://currentaffairs.studyiq.com/'
],
(int) 1 => [
'name' => 'Constitution',
'link' => 'https://currentaffairs.studyiq.com/tags/constitution'
]
],
'previous' => [
(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
],
'next' => [
(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
],
'currentaffairs' => [
(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
],
'customer_id' => '',
'metadescription' => 'Constitution, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor has said that the parliamentary system we borrowed from the British has not worked in Indian conditions and it was time to demand',
'metakeyword' => 'Presidential system and Parliamentary system',
'title' => 'Constitution, Presidential system and Parliamentary system',
'tagname' => 'Constitution',
'sbanners' => [
(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
],
'params' => [
(int) 0 => 'constitution',
(int) 1 => 'presidential-system-and-parliamentary-system'
]
]
$headertags = [
(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 3,
'name' => 'Art & Culture',
'parent_id' => (int) 2,
'description' => '',
'keyword' => 'art-culture',
'sortorder' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'metatitle' => 'Current Affairs Arts and Cultures Articles | Current Affairs',
'metakeyword' => 'Current Affairs Arts, Cultures Articles, Cultures Current Affairs Articles, Cultures Current Affairs, Current Affairs, Current Affair GK, General Knowledage',
'metadescription' => 'Current Affairs Arts and Cultures Articles complete current affairs details of Arts and cultures with complete depth analysis or full details of all current affair Articles',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'cacategories'
},
(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 4,
'name' => 'Polity & Governance',
'parent_id' => (int) 2,
'description' => '',
'keyword' => 'polity-governance',
'sortorder' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'metatitle' => 'Polity Current Affairs | Governance Current Affair | Polity GK',
'metakeyword' => 'Polity Current Affairs, Governance Current Affair, Polity GK, Current Affairs of Polity, Current Affairs of Governance, Current affair Polity',
'metadescription' => 'Polity Current Affairs, Governance Current Affair, and current affairs of Polity and Governance and more get with Study IQ Education Articles and full details',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'cacategories'
},
(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 5,
'name' => 'International Affairs',
'parent_id' => (int) 2,
'description' => '',
'keyword' => 'international-affairs',
'sortorder' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'metatitle' => 'International Affairs | International Current Affairs, GK, News',
'metakeyword' => 'International Affairs, International Current Affairs, International GK, International News, International burning Issues, International Today Affairs, International Current Affair, International current affairs 2019',
'metadescription' => 'International Affairs, International Current Affairs, GK, News, burning issues and all relative information of Internation you can get here for depth knowledge',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'cacategories'
},
(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 6,
'name' => 'Economy',
'parent_id' => (int) 2,
'description' => '',
'keyword' => 'economy',
'sortorder' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'metatitle' => 'Economy Current Affairs | Economy Current Affair 2019 | Study IQ',
'metakeyword' => 'Economy Current Affairs, Economy Current Affair, Economy Current Affair 2019, Economy GK news, Economy Affairs, Current Affairs Economy, Current Affair Economy',
'metadescription' => 'Economy Current Affairs, Economy Current Affair 2019 and all the Economy Current Affair, GK, Burning Issues, News, get on study IQ education for exams preparation',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'cacategories'
},
(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 7,
'name' => 'Banking Awareness',
'parent_id' => (int) 2,
'description' => '',
'keyword' => 'banking-awareness',
'sortorder' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'metatitle' => 'Banking Awareness Current Affairs, GK, News, Burning Issues',
'metakeyword' => 'Banking Awareness, Current Affairs, Current Affair, bANKING CURRENT AFFAIRS, Current affair of Banking, Current affair of Bank, Current affairs of Bank, BAnk current affairs',
'metadescription' => 'Banking Awareness Current Affairs, GK, News, Burning Issues, and all the latest current affairs of Banking Awareness or Banking for Govt exams preparation',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'cacategories'
},
(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 8,
'name' => 'Defence & Security',
'parent_id' => (int) 2,
'description' => '',
'keyword' => 'defence-security',
'sortorder' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'metatitle' => 'Defence Current Affairs | Defence & Security Current Affairs',
'metakeyword' => 'Defence Current Affairs, Current Affairs, Current Affair, Current Affairs of Defence, Security Current Affairs, Security Current Affairs 2019, Security Current Affairs daily, Defence Current Affairs Daily',
'metadescription' => 'Defence Current Affairs, Defence & Security Current Affairs and complete details of Defence & Security current affairs, burning issues of Defence, Defence Today News ',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'cacategories'
},
(int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 9,
'name' => 'Environment',
'parent_id' => (int) 2,
'description' => '',
'keyword' => 'environment',
'sortorder' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'metatitle' => 'Environment Current Affairs, Current Affairs 2019- Study IQ',
'metakeyword' => 'Environment Current Affairs, Current Affairs Articles, Current Affairs of Environment, Current Affairs Environment',
'metadescription' => 'Environment Current Affairs, Current Affairs 2019, Study IQ provide complete information of Environment Current Affairs, GK, Bunrning Issues, latest news and more',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'cacategories'
},
(int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 10,
'name' => 'Science & Technology',
'parent_id' => (int) 2,
'description' => '',
'keyword' => 'science-technology',
'sortorder' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'metatitle' => 'Science & Technology Current Affairs | Science Current Affairs',
'metakeyword' => 'Science & Technology Current Affairs, Science & Technology Current Affair, Science Current Affairs, Science Current Affair, Technology Current Affair, Technology Current Affairs',
'metadescription' => 'Science & Technology Current Affairs, Science Current Affairs, Technology today affairs and more relative Science & Technology information get here free',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'cacategories'
},
(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 11,
'name' => 'Miscellaneous',
'parent_id' => (int) 2,
'description' => '',
'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
'sortorder' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'metatitle' => 'Miscellaneous Current Affairs Articles 2019, GK News | Study IQ',
'metakeyword' => 'Current Affairs Articles 2019, Miscellaneous Current Affairs, GK News, Current Affairs Articles',
'metadescription' => 'Current Affairs Articles, Current Affairs GK News analysis, and all topic relative information get here free and online so no need go anywhere that makes time saving ',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'cacategories'
},
(int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 12,
'name' => 'Government Schemes',
'parent_id' => (int) 2,
'description' => '',
'keyword' => 'government-schemes',
'sortorder' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'metatitle' => 'Government Schemes Current Affairs | Govt Current Affairs StudyIQ',
'metakeyword' => 'Government Schemes Current Affairs, Government Current Affairs, Current Affairs of government, ',
'metadescription' => 'Government Schemes Current Affairs, Government Current Affairs ad all government relative latest information, news, burning issues and more get here',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'cacategories'
},
(int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 13,
'name' => 'Persons in News',
'parent_id' => (int) 2,
'description' => '',
'keyword' => 'persons-in-news',
'sortorder' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'metatitle' => 'Persons in News | Current Affairs, Awards, Books, Obituaries News',
'metakeyword' => 'Persons in News, Current Affairs, Awards, Books, Obituaries News',
'metadescription' => 'Persons in News, Current Affairs, Awards, Books, Obituaries News, and all the daily current affairs news you will get here with complete information',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'cacategories'
},
(int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 14,
'name' => 'Constitution',
'parent_id' => (int) 2,
'description' => '',
'keyword' => 'constitution',
'sortorder' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'metatitle' => 'Constitution | Indian Constitution | World Constitution ',
'metakeyword' => 'constitution, Indian Constitution, World Constitution, Country Constitution ',
'metadescription' => 'Get the all the country constitution like Indian constitution, world constitution and more here you can get all the latest information relative to constitution',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'cacategories'
},
(int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 15,
'name' => 'Biodiversity',
'parent_id' => (int) 2,
'description' => '',
'keyword' => 'biodiversity',
'sortorder' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'metatitle' => 'Biodiversity | ??? ??????? | Biodiversity Current affairs',
'metakeyword' => 'Biodiversity, ??? ???????, Biodiversity Current affairs',
'metadescription' => 'Biodiversity, ??? ???????, Biodiversity Current affairs, Get the latest Biodiversity information with us where you get all the latest information about Biodiversity',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'cacategories'
},
(int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 16,
'name' => 'Ecology',
'parent_id' => (int) 2,
'description' => '',
'keyword' => 'ecology',
'sortorder' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'metatitle' => 'Ecology Topic Wise Current afairs | Ecology Current Affairs ',
'metakeyword' => 'Ecology Current Affairs, Ecology Current Affairs 2021, Best Ecology Current Affairs, ecology topic wise current affairs, ecology',
'metadescription' => 'Best Ecology Current affairs - Get the ecology topic current affairs for all the govt exams preparation with best studyiq faculties and also get free ecology topic pdf on daily basis ',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'cacategories'
}
]
$breadcrumb = [
(int) 0 => [
'name' => 'Home',
'link' => 'https://currentaffairs.studyiq.com/'
],
(int) 1 => [
'name' => 'Constitution',
'link' => 'https://currentaffairs.studyiq.com/tags/constitution'
]
]
$previous = [
(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tags' => 'Constitution',
'keyword' => 'constitution',
'title' => 'Appointment of Supreme Court judges',
'posturl' => 'appointment-supreme-court-judges',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'currentaffairs'
}
]
$next = [
(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tags' => 'Constitution',
'keyword' => 'constitution',
'title' => '17th Lok Sabha elections to be held in 7 phases',
'posturl' => '17th-lok-sabha-elections-held-7-phases',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'currentaffairs'
}
]
$currentaffairs = [
(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Constitution',
'keyword' => 'constitution',
'id' => (int) 5226,
'title' => 'Presidential system and Parliamentary system',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Congress leader Shashi Tharoor has said that the parliamentary system we borrowed from the British has not worked in Indian conditions and it was time to demand a change.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Problems associated</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The parliamentary system has created a unique breed of the legislator, largely unqualified to legislate, who has sought election only in order to wield executive power. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has produced governments dependent on a fickle legislative majority, who are therefore obliged to focus more on politics than on policy or performance. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has distorted the voting preferences of an electorate that knows which individuals it wants to vote for but not necessarily which parties. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has spawned parties that are shifting alliances of selfish individual interests, not vehicles of coherent sets of ideas. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has forced governments to concentrate less on governing than on staying in office and obliged them to cater to the lowest common denominator of their coalitions.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Advantages of Presidential form</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A directly elected chief executive in New Delhi and in each state, instead of being vulnerable to the shifting sands of coalition support politics, would have the stability of tenure free from legislative whim, be able to appoint a cabinet of talents, and above all, be able to devote his or her energies to governance, and not just to government.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Indian voter will be able to vote directly for the individual he or she wants to be ruled by, and the president will truly be able to claim to speak for a majority of Indians rather than a majority of MPs. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">At the end of a fixed period of time, the public would be able to judge the individual on performance in improving the lives of Indians, rather than on political skill at keeping a government in office.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Presidential form of government</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A presidential system is a democratic and republican government in which a head of government leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In presidential countries, the executive is elected and is not responsible to the legislature, which cannot in normal circumstances dismiss it. Such dismissal is possible, however, in uncommon cases, often through impeachment.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The president has a fixed term of office. Elections are held at regular times and cannot be triggered by a vote of confidence or other parliamentary procedures, although in some countries there is an exception which provides for the removal of a president who is found to have broken a law.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The executive branch is unipersonal. Members of the cabinet serve at the pleasure of the president and must carry out the policies of the executive and legislative branches. Cabinet ministers or executive departmental chiefs are not members of the legislature. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A president generally can direct members of the cabinet, military, or any officer or employee of the executive branch, but cannot direct or dismiss judges.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Parliamentary form of government</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A parliamentary system is a democratic form of government in which the party (or a coalition of parties) with the greatest representation in the parliament (legislature) forms the government, its leader becoming prime minister or chancellor.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Executive functions are exercised by members of the parliament appointed by the prime minister to the cabinet. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The parties in the minority serve in opposition to the majority and have the duty to challenge it regularly. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Prime ministers may be removed from power whenever they lose the confidence of a majority of the ruling party or of the parliament.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The head of state appoints a prime minister who will likely have majority support in parliament. He is usually the leader of the party with majority.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The members of the cabinet or ministers should also be members of the legislature. This is unlike the presidential form.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
',
'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
'posturl' => 'presidential-system-and-parliamentary-system',
'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/2ef7/6ad8hvjv4g5jwht6g.jpg',
'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/2ef7/6ad8hvjv4g5jwht6g.jpg',
'metatitle' => 'Presidential system and Parliamentary system',
'metakeyword' => 'Presidential system and Parliamentary system',
'metadescription' => 'Congress leader Shashi Tharoor has said that the parliamentary system we borrowed from the British has not worked in Indian conditions and it was time to demand',
'author' => null,
'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/s7privekribc91e/1.Presidential+system+and+Parliamentary+system.pdf/file',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'currentaffairs'
}
]
$customer_id = ''
$metadescription = 'Constitution, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor has said that the parliamentary system we borrowed from the British has not worked in Indian conditions and it was time to demand'
$metakeyword = 'Presidential system and Parliamentary system'
$title = 'Presidential system and Parliamentary system'
$tagname = 'Constitution'
$sbanners = [
(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 61,
'bannername' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5f54/lodkrbkhwk5lg1q6g.jpg',
'bannerlink' => 'https://www.studyiq.com/course-detail/ssc-bank-combo',
'isright' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'sitebanners'
},
(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 62,
'bannername' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0552/k9b1o467l8edtbc6g.jpg',
'bannerlink' => 'https://studyiq.com/courses/state-exams',
'isright' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'sitebanners'
},
(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 63,
'bannername' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/convkey/154a/6y1qvv7v118759h6g.jpg',
'bannerlink' => 'https://www.studyiq.com/course-detail/upsc-ias-pre-mains',
'isright' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'sitebanners'
},
(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'id' => (int) 64,
'bannername' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/convkey/563c/o65x6jso51flz886g.jpg',
'bannerlink' => 'https://studyiq.com/courses/upsc/optional-subjects',
'isright' => (int) 0,
'status' => (int) 1,
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'sitebanners'
}
]
$params = [
(int) 0 => 'constitution',
(int) 1 => 'presidential-system-and-parliamentary-system'
]
$b = [
'name' => 'Constitution',
'link' => 'https://currentaffairs.studyiq.com/tags/constitution'
]
$currentaffair = object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Constitution',
'keyword' => 'constitution',
'id' => (int) 5226,
'title' => 'Presidential system and Parliamentary system',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Congress leader Shashi Tharoor has said that the parliamentary system we borrowed from the British has not worked in Indian conditions and it was time to demand a change.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Problems associated</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The parliamentary system has created a unique breed of the legislator, largely unqualified to legislate, who has sought election only in order to wield executive power. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has produced governments dependent on a fickle legislative majority, who are therefore obliged to focus more on politics than on policy or performance. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has distorted the voting preferences of an electorate that knows which individuals it wants to vote for but not necessarily which parties. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has spawned parties that are shifting alliances of selfish individual interests, not vehicles of coherent sets of ideas. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has forced governments to concentrate less on governing than on staying in office and obliged them to cater to the lowest common denominator of their coalitions.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Advantages of Presidential form</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A directly elected chief executive in New Delhi and in each state, instead of being vulnerable to the shifting sands of coalition support politics, would have the stability of tenure free from legislative whim, be able to appoint a cabinet of talents, and above all, be able to devote his or her energies to governance, and not just to government.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Indian voter will be able to vote directly for the individual he or she wants to be ruled by, and the president will truly be able to claim to speak for a majority of Indians rather than a majority of MPs. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">At the end of a fixed period of time, the public would be able to judge the individual on performance in improving the lives of Indians, rather than on political skill at keeping a government in office.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Presidential form of government</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A presidential system is a democratic and republican government in which a head of government leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In presidential countries, the executive is elected and is not responsible to the legislature, which cannot in normal circumstances dismiss it. Such dismissal is possible, however, in uncommon cases, often through impeachment.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The president has a fixed term of office. Elections are held at regular times and cannot be triggered by a vote of confidence or other parliamentary procedures, although in some countries there is an exception which provides for the removal of a president who is found to have broken a law.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The executive branch is unipersonal. Members of the cabinet serve at the pleasure of the president and must carry out the policies of the executive and legislative branches. Cabinet ministers or executive departmental chiefs are not members of the legislature. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A president generally can direct members of the cabinet, military, or any officer or employee of the executive branch, but cannot direct or dismiss judges.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Parliamentary form of government</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A parliamentary system is a democratic form of government in which the party (or a coalition of parties) with the greatest representation in the parliament (legislature) forms the government, its leader becoming prime minister or chancellor.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Executive functions are exercised by members of the parliament appointed by the prime minister to the cabinet. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The parties in the minority serve in opposition to the majority and have the duty to challenge it regularly. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Prime ministers may be removed from power whenever they lose the confidence of a majority of the ruling party or of the parliament.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The head of state appoints a prime minister who will likely have majority support in parliament. He is usually the leader of the party with majority.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The members of the cabinet or ministers should also be members of the legislature. This is unlike the presidential form.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
',
'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
'posturl' => 'presidential-system-and-parliamentary-system',
'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/2ef7/6ad8hvjv4g5jwht6g.jpg',
'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/2ef7/6ad8hvjv4g5jwht6g.jpg',
'metatitle' => 'Presidential system and Parliamentary system',
'metakeyword' => 'Presidential system and Parliamentary system',
'metadescription' => 'Congress leader Shashi Tharoor has said that the parliamentary system we borrowed from the British has not worked in Indian conditions and it was time to demand',
'author' => null,
'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/s7privekribc91e/1.Presidential+system+and+Parliamentary+system.pdf/file',
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
'*' => true
],
'[dirty]' => [],
'[original]' => [],
'[virtual]' => [],
'[errors]' => [],
'[invalid]' => [],
'[repository]' => 'currentaffairs'
}
$downloadpdf = 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/s7privekribc91e/1.Presidential+system+and+Parliamentary+system.pdf/file'
$tags = '<a href="https://currentaffairs.studyiq.com/tags/constitution">Constitution</a>'
include - ROOT/plugins/Studyiq/src/Template/Pages/tagdetails.ctp, line 161
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 765
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 623
App\Controller\PagesController::tags() - APP/Controller/PagesController.php, line 995
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 440
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 119
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 93
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 108
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 104
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 98
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65