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<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Over the past few weeks, snow around Ukraine’s <strong>Vernadsky Research Base</strong>, located off the coast of Antarctica’s northernmost peninsula, has started to take on a red tinge.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The red snow raises concerns about the rate at which the glaciers will melt away and eventually affect sea-level rise.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The phenomenon is because of an algae that thrives in freezing weather. Because of the red tinge, the snow is often dubbed “watermelon snow”.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Research says that such algae as found around the Ukrainian research base grow well in freezing temperatures and liquid water.</span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">During the summer, when these typically green algae get a lot of sun, they start producing a natural sunscreen that paints the snow in shades of pink and red. In the winter months, they lie dormant.</span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The algae produce the tinted sunscreen to keep themselves warm. The research also mentions that because the snow becomes darker from the tinge, it absorbs more heat, as a result of which it melts faster.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These algae, that are not uncommon in other polar settings around the world, change the snow’s albedo, which refers to the amount of light or radiation the snow surface is able to reflect back. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The melting snow is good for the algae who thrive on it, but bad for the glaciers that are already melting.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Over the past few weeks, snow around Ukraine’s <strong>Vernadsky Research Base</strong>, located off the coast of Antarctica’s northernmost peninsula, has started to take on a red tinge.</span></span></p>
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<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The phenomenon is because of an algae that thrives in freezing weather. Because of the red tinge, the snow is often dubbed “watermelon snow”.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Research says that such algae as found around the Ukrainian research base grow well in freezing temperatures and liquid water.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">During the summer, when these typically green algae get a lot of sun, they start producing a natural sunscreen that paints the snow in shades of pink and red. In the winter months, they lie dormant.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The algae produce the tinted sunscreen to keep themselves warm. The research also mentions that because the snow becomes darker from the tinge, it absorbs more heat, as a result of which it melts faster.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These algae, that are not uncommon in other polar settings around the world, change the snow’s albedo, which refers to the amount of light or radiation the snow surface is able to reflect back. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The melting snow is good for the algae who thrive on it, but bad for the glaciers that are already melting.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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