Tag Wise Current Affairs
Tag: Dance and Music
Ghumot to be declared as heritage musical instrument of Goa
Tags: Dance and Music
Published on: 14 February 2019
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Goa Government will soon notify Ghumot, an indigenous earthen drum as "heritage musical instrument” of the state. This decision aims to take forward efforts of state government to conserve this heritage musical instrument. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Ghumot </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is traditional percussion instrument played during Ganesh Chaturthi aarties (prayers). </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It forms integral part of Goan folk, religious and temple music, both Hindu and Christian. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is basically <em>designed clay pot</em>, </span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">with both sides open, bigger opening has <em>skin of monitor lizard</em> (locally known as gaar) stretched taut across pot's mouth, forming drumhead. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also used in Goan temples during spring season in orchestra called as Suvari Vadan.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In recent years monitor lizard skin is replaced with skin of she-goat (female goat) to protect this endangered monitor lizard</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Ban</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This traditional instrument was once banned by state forest department due to use of monitor lizard skin in its making. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Monitor lizards are classified as endangered wildlife species and is listed in Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This ban has been lifted in recent times makers of this traditional instruments have started replacing monitor lizard skin with skin of she-goat.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Gift</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Ghumot was presented as gift from state to Portuguese Prime Minister Anotnio Costa, who is of Goan origin, during his official state visit to India in in 2017. Goa is former Portuguese colony and was under its control for about 450 years until it was annexed by India in 1961.</span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Drupad maestro and Padma Shri awardee Ramakant Gundecha passed away. He was the younger one among the Gundecha brothers.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The brothers performed Drupad, one of the oldest classical Hindustani musical forms in the world.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Dhrupad</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Dhrupad is the most ancient style of Hindustani classical music that has survived until today in its original form. The Dhrupad tradition is a major tradition of Indian culture.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The nature of Dhrupad music is spiritual. Seeking not to entertain, but to induce feelings of peace and contemplation in the listener.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The word Dhrupad is derived from DHRUVA the steadfast evening star that moves through our galaxy and PADA meaning poetry.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is a form of devotional music that traces its origin to the ancient text of <strong>Sam Veda</strong>. The roots of Dhrupad are ancient, and it is discussed in the Hindu Sanskrit text <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natyashastra" title="Natyashastra"><strong>Natyashastra</strong></a>.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A Dhrupad has at least four stanzas, called <strong>Sthayi</strong> (or Asthayi), <strong>Antara, Sancari</strong> and <strong>Abhoga</strong>.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>Sthayi</strong> part is a melody that uses the middle octave's first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachord#Indian-specific_tetrachord_system" title="Tetrachord">tetrachord</a> and the lower octave notes.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>Antara</strong> part uses the middle octave's second tetrachord and the higher octave notes.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>Samcari</strong> part is the development phase, which holistically builds using parts of Sthayi and Antara already played, and it uses melodic material built with all the three octave notes.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>Abhoga</strong> is the concluding section, that brings the listener back to the familiar starting point of Sthayi, albeit with rhythmic variations, with diminished notes like a gentle goodbye.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Sometimes a fifth stanza called <strong>Bhoga</strong> is included. Though usually related to philosophical or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a> (emotional devotion to a god or goddess) themes, some Dhrupads were composed to praise kings.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Other forms of Hindustani music</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Khayal</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Khayal means imagination. This is the most prominent style in hindustani depicting romantic style of singing. It largely depends on the imagination and improvisation of the performer. It is also composed of particular raga and tala.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> It ranges from praise of kings description of seasons and pranks of Lord Sri Krishna. </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Thumri</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Thumri originated in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. It is influenced by hori, kajri, Dadra. Tumhri is supposed to be romantic and erotic style of singing and is also called “lyric of Indian classical music”. The song composition is mainly on love and devotion. </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Tappa</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Tappa developed around the 18th century. It means jump in Persian, it is developed on folk songs of camel riders.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Chhau dance has slowly started to gain prominence with increasing participation of women in mask making.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Chhau is a semi classical Indian dance with <strong>martial</strong>, tribal, and folk traditions, with origins in eastern India. </span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is found in three styles named after the location where they are performed, i.e. the <strong>Purulia</strong> Chhau of Bengal, the <strong>Seraikella</strong> Chhau of Jharkhand, and the <strong>Mayurbhanj</strong> Chhau of Odisha.</span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance ranges from celebrating martial arts, acrobatics, and athletics performed in festive themes of a folk dance, to a structured dance with religious themes found in <strong>Shaivism, </strong><strong>Shaktism,</strong><strong> </strong>and<strong> Vaishnavism.</strong> </span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The costumes vary between the styles, with Purulia and Seraikella using masks to identify the character. The stories enacted by Chhau dancers include those from the Hindu epics the <strong>Ramayana </strong>and the<strong> Mahabharata, </strong>the<strong> Puranas </strong>and other Indian literature. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance is traditionally an all males troupe, regionally celebrated particularly during spring every year, and may be a syncretic dance form that emerged from a fusion of classical Hindu dances and the traditions of ancient regional tribes.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance is performed especially during the spring festival of <strong>Chaitra Parva</strong> and in which the whole community participates. The Purulia Chhau dance is celebrated during the <strong>Sun</strong> <strong>festival</strong>.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Chhau dance found in northern Odisha does not use mask during the dance, but they do when the artists first appear on the stage for introduction to the audience. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance is performed by <strong>male dancers</strong>, at <strong>night</strong> in an open space, called <strong>akhada</strong> or asar. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance is rhythmic and set to traditional folk music, played on the reed pipes <strong>mohuri</strong> and <strong>shehnai</strong>. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In 2010 the Chhau dance was inscribed in the <strong>UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity</strong>. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The Chhau mask of Purulia is registered under Geographical Indications. As the basic difference of Purulia Chhau the mask is unique and traditional.</span></span></p>
</li>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Chhau dance has slowly started to gain prominence with increasing participation of women in mask making.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Chhau is a semi classical Indian dance with <strong>martial</strong>, tribal, and folk traditions, with origins in eastern India. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is found in three styles named after the location where they are performed, i.e. the <strong>Purulia</strong> Chhau of Bengal, the <strong>Seraikella</strong> Chhau of Jharkhand, and the <strong>Mayurbhanj</strong> Chhau of Odisha.</span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance ranges from celebrating martial arts, acrobatics, and athletics performed in festive themes of a folk dance, to a structured dance with religious themes found in <strong>Shaivism, </strong><strong>Shaktism,</strong><strong> </strong>and<strong> Vaishnavism.</strong> </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The costumes vary between the styles, with Purulia and Seraikella using masks to identify the character. The stories enacted by Chhau dancers include those from the Hindu epics the <strong>Ramayana </strong>and the<strong> Mahabharata, </strong>the<strong> Puranas </strong>and other Indian literature. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance is traditionally an all males troupe, regionally celebrated particularly during spring every year, and may be a syncretic dance form that emerged from a fusion of classical Hindu dances and the traditions of ancient regional tribes.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance is performed especially during the spring festival of <strong>Chaitra Parva</strong> and in which the whole community participates. The Purulia Chhau dance is celebrated during the <strong>Sun</strong> <strong>festival</strong>.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Chhau dance found in northern Odisha does not use mask during the dance, but they do when the artists first appear on the stage for introduction to the audience. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance is performed by <strong>male dancers</strong>, at <strong>night</strong> in an open space, called <strong>akhada</strong> or asar. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance is rhythmic and set to traditional folk music, played on the reed pipes <strong>mohuri</strong> and <strong>shehnai</strong>. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In 2010 the Chhau dance was inscribed in the <strong>UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity</strong>. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The Chhau mask of Purulia is registered under Geographical Indications. As the basic difference of Purulia Chhau the mask is unique and traditional.</span></span></p>
</li>
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[[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'cacategories' } ] $breadcrumb = [ (int) 0 => [ 'name' => 'Home', 'link' => 'https://currentaffairs.studyiq.com/' ], (int) 1 => [ 'name' => 'Dance and Music', 'link' => 'https://currentaffairs.studyiq.com/tags/cance-and-music' ] ] $currentaffairs = [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Dance and Music', 'keyword' => 'cance-and-music', 'id' => (int) 159, 'title' => 'Ghumot to be declared as heritage musical instrument of Goa', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Goa Government will soon notify Ghumot, an indigenous earthen drum as "heritage musical instrument” of the state. This decision aims to take forward efforts of state government to conserve this heritage musical instrument. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Ghumot </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is traditional percussion instrument played during Ganesh Chaturthi aarties (prayers). </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It forms integral part of Goan folk, religious and temple music, both Hindu and Christian. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is basically <em>designed clay pot</em>, </span><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">with both sides open, bigger opening has <em>skin of monitor lizard</em> (locally known as gaar) stretched taut across pot's mouth, forming drumhead. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is also used in Goan temples during spring season in orchestra called as Suvari Vadan.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">In recent years monitor lizard skin is replaced with skin of she-goat (female goat) to protect this endangered monitor lizard</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Ban</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This traditional instrument was once banned by state forest department due to use of monitor lizard skin in its making. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Monitor lizards are classified as endangered wildlife species and is listed in Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">This ban has been lifted in recent times makers of this traditional instruments have started replacing monitor lizard skin with skin of she-goat.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Gift</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Ghumot was presented as gift from state to Portuguese Prime Minister Anotnio Costa, who is of Goan origin, during his official state visit to India in in 2017. Goa is former Portuguese colony and was under its control for about 450 years until it was annexed by India in 1961.</span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'ghumot-heritage-musical-instrument-goa', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/7bea/61seaow2a85j8gu6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/7bea/61seaow2a85j8gu6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Ghumot: Heritage musical instrument of Goa', 'metakeyword' => 'In Art and Culture Current affairs, Goa, Ghumot, indigenous earthen drum, heritage musical instrument, ', 'metadescription' => 'Goa Government will soon notify Ghumot, an indigenous earthen drum as "heritage musical instrument†of the state', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/wpx10pc6lypdg56/14_FEB_Ghumot_to_be_declared.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Dance and Music', 'keyword' => 'cance-and-music', 'id' => (int) 2725, 'title' => 'Dhrupad art', 'description' => '<p> </p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Drupad maestro and Padma Shri awardee Ramakant Gundecha passed away. He was the younger one among the Gundecha brothers.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The brothers performed Drupad, one of the oldest classical Hindustani musical forms in the world.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Dhrupad</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Dhrupad is the most ancient style of Hindustani classical music that has survived until today in its original form. The Dhrupad tradition is a major tradition of Indian culture.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The nature of Dhrupad music is spiritual. Seeking not to entertain, but to induce feelings of peace and contemplation in the listener.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The word Dhrupad is derived from DHRUVA the steadfast evening star that moves through our galaxy and PADA meaning poetry.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is a form of devotional music that traces its origin to the ancient text of <strong>Sam Veda</strong>. The roots of Dhrupad are ancient, and it is discussed in the Hindu Sanskrit text <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natyashastra" title="Natyashastra"><strong>Natyashastra</strong></a>.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A Dhrupad has at least four stanzas, called <strong>Sthayi</strong> (or Asthayi), <strong>Antara, Sancari</strong> and <strong>Abhoga</strong>.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>Sthayi</strong> part is a melody that uses the middle octave's first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachord#Indian-specific_tetrachord_system" title="Tetrachord">tetrachord</a> and the lower octave notes.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>Antara</strong> part uses the middle octave's second tetrachord and the higher octave notes.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>Samcari</strong> part is the development phase, which holistically builds using parts of Sthayi and Antara already played, and it uses melodic material built with all the three octave notes.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>Abhoga</strong> is the concluding section, that brings the listener back to the familiar starting point of Sthayi, albeit with rhythmic variations, with diminished notes like a gentle goodbye.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Sometimes a fifth stanza called <strong>Bhoga</strong> is included. Though usually related to philosophical or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a> (emotional devotion to a god or goddess) themes, some Dhrupads were composed to praise kings.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Other forms of Hindustani music</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Khayal</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Khayal means imagination. This is the most prominent style in hindustani depicting romantic style of singing. It largely depends on the imagination and improvisation of the performer. It is also composed of particular raga and tala.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> It ranges from praise of kings description of seasons and pranks of Lord Sri Krishna. </span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Thumri</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Thumri originated in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. It is influenced by hori, kajri, Dadra. Tumhri is supposed to be romantic and erotic style of singing and is also called “lyric of Indian classical music”. The song composition is mainly on love and devotion. </span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Tappa</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Tappa developed around the 18th century. It means jump in Persian, it is developed on folk songs of camel riders.</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'dhrupad-art', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0033/2boft0o64i0vona6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/0033/2boft0o64i0vona6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Dhrupad art', 'metakeyword' => 'The Samcari part is the development phase, which holistically', 'metadescription' => 'The Samcari part is the development phase, which holistically builds using parts of Sthayi and Antara already played, and it uses melodic material built ', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/vf7hdgg36uo7xf9/Dhrupad_art.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Dance and Music', 'keyword' => 'cance-and-music', 'id' => (int) 6762, 'title' => 'Chhau dance', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Chhau dance has slowly started to gain prominence with increasing participation of women in mask making.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Chhau is a semi classical Indian dance with <strong>martial</strong>, tribal, and folk traditions, with origins in eastern India. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is found in three styles named after the location where they are performed, i.e. the <strong>Purulia</strong> Chhau of Bengal, the <strong>Seraikella</strong> Chhau of Jharkhand, and the <strong>Mayurbhanj</strong> Chhau of Odisha.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance ranges from celebrating martial arts, acrobatics, and athletics performed in festive themes of a folk dance, to a structured dance with religious themes found in <strong>Shaivism, </strong><strong>Shaktism,</strong><strong> </strong>and<strong> Vaishnavism.</strong> </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The costumes vary between the styles, with Purulia and Seraikella using masks to identify the character. The stories enacted by Chhau dancers include those from the Hindu epics the <strong>Ramayana </strong>and the<strong> Mahabharata, </strong>the<strong> Puranas </strong>and other Indian literature. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance is traditionally an all males troupe, regionally celebrated particularly during spring every year, and may be a syncretic dance form that emerged from a fusion of classical Hindu dances and the traditions of ancient regional tribes.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance is performed especially during the spring festival of <strong>Chaitra Parva</strong> and in which the whole community participates. The Purulia Chhau dance is celebrated during the <strong>Sun</strong> <strong>festival</strong>.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Chhau dance found in northern Odisha does not use mask during the dance, but they do when the artists first appear on the stage for introduction to the audience. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance is performed by <strong>male dancers</strong>, at <strong>night</strong> in an open space, called <strong>akhada</strong> or asar. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance is rhythmic and set to traditional folk music, played on the reed pipes <strong>mohuri</strong> and <strong>shehnai</strong>. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In 2010 the Chhau dance was inscribed in the <strong>UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity</strong>. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The Chhau mask of Purulia is registered under Geographical Indications. As the basic difference of Purulia Chhau the mask is unique and traditional.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'chhau-dance', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d8ba/f5k0025ml5uhfcb6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d8ba/f5k0025ml5uhfcb6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Chhau dance', 'metakeyword' => 'Chhau dance', 'metadescription' => 'It is found in three styles named after the location where they are performed, i.e. the Purulia Chhau of Bengal, the Seraikella Chhau of Jharkhand, and the Mayurbhanj', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/25t1g96c4168l0u/2.Chhau_dance.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' } ] $tagname = 'Dance and Music' $metadescription = 'Dance and Music Current Affairs relative information get here free with complete details or complete solution so get everything relative to Dance and Music Current Affair' $metakeyword = 'Music Current Affairs, Dance Current Affairs, Dance and Music Current Affairs' $title = 'Dance and Music Current Affairs, GK, News | Dance Current Affairs' $sbanners = [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'id' => (int) 61, 'bannername' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5f54/lodkrbkhwk5lg1q6g.jpg', 'bannerlink' => 'https://studyiq.com/course-details/ssc-bank-combo', 'isright' => (int) 0, 'status' => (int) 1, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'sitebanners' }, (int) 1 => 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[maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'sitebanners' } ] $params = [ (int) 0 => 'cance-and-music' ] $b = [ 'name' => 'Dance and Music', 'link' => 'https://currentaffairs.studyiq.com/tags/cance-and-music' ] $currentaffair = object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Dance and Music', 'keyword' => 'cance-and-music', 'id' => (int) 6762, 'title' => 'Chhau dance', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Chhau dance has slowly started to gain prominence with increasing participation of women in mask making.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Chhau is a semi classical Indian dance with <strong>martial</strong>, tribal, and folk traditions, with origins in eastern India. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is found in three styles named after the location where they are performed, i.e. the <strong>Purulia</strong> Chhau of Bengal, the <strong>Seraikella</strong> Chhau of Jharkhand, and the <strong>Mayurbhanj</strong> Chhau of Odisha.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance ranges from celebrating martial arts, acrobatics, and athletics performed in festive themes of a folk dance, to a structured dance with religious themes found in <strong>Shaivism, </strong><strong>Shaktism,</strong><strong> </strong>and<strong> Vaishnavism.</strong> </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The costumes vary between the styles, with Purulia and Seraikella using masks to identify the character. The stories enacted by Chhau dancers include those from the Hindu epics the <strong>Ramayana </strong>and the<strong> Mahabharata, </strong>the<strong> Puranas </strong>and other Indian literature. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance is traditionally an all males troupe, regionally celebrated particularly during spring every year, and may be a syncretic dance form that emerged from a fusion of classical Hindu dances and the traditions of ancient regional tribes.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance is performed especially during the spring festival of <strong>Chaitra Parva</strong> and in which the whole community participates. The Purulia Chhau dance is celebrated during the <strong>Sun</strong> <strong>festival</strong>.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Chhau dance found in northern Odisha does not use mask during the dance, but they do when the artists first appear on the stage for introduction to the audience. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance is performed by <strong>male dancers</strong>, at <strong>night</strong> in an open space, called <strong>akhada</strong> or asar. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The dance is rhythmic and set to traditional folk music, played on the reed pipes <strong>mohuri</strong> and <strong>shehnai</strong>. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In 2010 the Chhau dance was inscribed in the <strong>UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity</strong>. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The Chhau mask of Purulia is registered under Geographical Indications. 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