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'description' => '<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Context:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <span style="background-color:white">The <strong>Bill </strong>proposes to <strong>regulate surrogacy</strong> in <strong>India</strong> by establishing a National <strong>Surrogacy</strong> Board at the central level and state <strong>surrogacy</strong> boards and appropriate authorities in the state and Union Territories</span></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Definition of surrogacy:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> The Bill defines surrogacy as <strong>a practice where a woman gives birth to a child </strong>for an intending couple with the <strong>intention to hand over the child after the birth to the intending couple</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The surrogate mother cannot provide her own gametes for surrogacy.</span></span></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Regulation of surrogacy: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The Bill <strong>prohibits commercial surrogacy, but allows altruistic surrogacy</strong>. <strong>Altruistic surrogacy involves no monetary compensation to the surrogate mother </strong>other than the medical expenses and insurance coverage during the pregnancy.</span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Purposes for which surrogacy is permitted: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Surrogacy is permitted when it is<strong>: (i) for intending couples who suffer from proven infertility; (ii) altruistic; (iii) not for commercial purposes; (iv) not for producing children for sale, prostitution or other forms of exploitation; and (v) for any condition or disease specified through regulations.</strong></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Eligibility criteria for intending couple: </strong>The intending couple should have a <strong>‘certificate of essentiality’ and a ‘certificate of eligibility’ </strong>issued by the appropriate authority.</span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Eligibility criteria for surrogate mother: </strong>To obtain a certificate of eligibility from the appropriate authority, the surrogate mother has to be<strong>:</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none"> </li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>A close relative of the intending couple</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>A married woman having a child of her own</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>25 to 35 years old</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>A surrogate only once in her lifetime</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Possess a certificate of medical and psychological fitness for surrogacy</strong></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Registration of surrogacy clinics: </strong>Surrogacy clinics <strong>cannot undertake surrogacy related procedures unless they are registered</strong> by the appropriate authority.</span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>National and State Surrogacy Boards: </strong>The central and the state governments shall constitute the National Surrogacy Board (NSB) and the State Surrogacy Boards (SSB), respectively.</span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Functions of the NSB include</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none"> </li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Advising the central government on policy matters relating to surrogacy</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Laying down the code of conduct of surrogacy clinic</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Supervising the functioning of SSBs</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Parentage and abortion of surrogate child: </strong>A child born out of a surrogacy procedure will be <strong>deemed to be the biological child of the intending couple</strong>. An <strong>abortion of the surrogate child</strong> requires the<strong> written consent of the surrogate mother and the authorisation of the appropriate authority. </strong> This authorisation must be compliant with the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971. Further, <strong>the surrogate mother will have an option to withdraw from surrogacy before the embryo is implanted in her womb.</strong></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Offences : </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>offences</strong> under the Bill include:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Undertaking or advertising commercial surrogacy</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Exploiting the surrogate mother</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Abandoning, exploiting or disowning a surrogate child</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Selling or importing human embryo or gametes for surrogacy</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Penalties: </strong>The penalty for such offences is <strong>imprisonment up to 10 years and a fine up to 10 lakh rupees.</strong> </span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Context:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <span style="background-color:white">The <strong>Bill </strong>proposes to <strong>regulate surrogacy</strong> in <strong>India</strong> by establishing a National <strong>Surrogacy</strong> Board at the central level and state <strong>surrogacy</strong> boards and appropriate authorities in the state and Union Territories</span></span></span></p>
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<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Definition of surrogacy:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> The Bill defines surrogacy as <strong>a practice where a woman gives birth to a child </strong>for an intending couple with the <strong>intention to hand over the child after the birth to the intending couple</strong></span></span></p>
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<li><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The surrogate mother cannot provide her own gametes for surrogacy.</span></span></strong></li>
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<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Regulation of surrogacy: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The Bill <strong>prohibits commercial surrogacy, but allows altruistic surrogacy</strong>. <strong>Altruistic surrogacy involves no monetary compensation to the surrogate mother </strong>other than the medical expenses and insurance coverage during the pregnancy.</span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Purposes for which surrogacy is permitted: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Surrogacy is permitted when it is<strong>: (i) for intending couples who suffer from proven infertility; (ii) altruistic; (iii) not for commercial purposes; (iv) not for producing children for sale, prostitution or other forms of exploitation; and (v) for any condition or disease specified through regulations.</strong></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Eligibility criteria for intending couple: </strong>The intending couple should have a <strong>‘certificate of essentiality’ and a ‘certificate of eligibility’ </strong>issued by the appropriate authority.</span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Eligibility criteria for surrogate mother: </strong>To obtain a certificate of eligibility from the appropriate authority, the surrogate mother has to be<strong>:</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none"> </li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>A close relative of the intending couple</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>A married woman having a child of her own</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>25 to 35 years old</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>A surrogate only once in her lifetime</strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Possess a certificate of medical and psychological fitness for surrogacy</strong></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Registration of surrogacy clinics: </strong>Surrogacy clinics <strong>cannot undertake surrogacy related procedures unless they are registered</strong> by the appropriate authority.</span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>National and State Surrogacy Boards: </strong>The central and the state governments shall constitute the National Surrogacy Board (NSB) and the State Surrogacy Boards (SSB), respectively.</span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Functions of the NSB include</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none"> </li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Advising the central government on policy matters relating to surrogacy</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Laying down the code of conduct of surrogacy clinic</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Supervising the functioning of SSBs</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Parentage and abortion of surrogate child: </strong>A child born out of a surrogacy procedure will be <strong>deemed to be the biological child of the intending couple</strong>. An <strong>abortion of the surrogate child</strong> requires the<strong> written consent of the surrogate mother and the authorisation of the appropriate authority. </strong> This authorisation must be compliant with the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971. Further, <strong>the surrogate mother will have an option to withdraw from surrogacy before the embryo is implanted in her womb.</strong></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Offences : </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>offences</strong> under the Bill include:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Undertaking or advertising commercial surrogacy</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Exploiting the surrogate mother</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Abandoning, exploiting or disowning a surrogate child</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Selling or importing human embryo or gametes for surrogacy</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Penalties: </strong>The penalty for such offences is <strong>imprisonment up to 10 years and a fine up to 10 lakh rupees.</strong> </span></span></p>
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