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<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Actor Rhea Chakraborty and nine others so far have been booked under various sections of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act by the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB).</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The NDPS Act, enacted in the country in 1985, is the primary legislation for dealing with drugs and their trafficking.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was passed as India had to fulfil obligations as a signatory of various international conventions on narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances to prevent its use and illicit trafficking.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has various provisions to punish manufacturing, sale, possession, consumption, use, transport of banned drugs.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Punishment under the Act can vary based upon the sections the accused is charged. The Act has provisions for the court to grant immunity from prosecution to an addict involved in a small quantity of drugs after they voluntarily seek to undergo medical treatment for de-addiction under section 64A. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Act also has the maximum punishment of the death penalty under section 31A for certain offences involving commercial quantities of a drug if the accused has been convicted before as well.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The Lok Sabha has passed the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Amendment) Bill, 2021.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The amendment was passed to correct a drafting anomaly in 2014 amendment, which had created confusion in the law.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The amendment bill says that Section 2 clause (viii a) corresponds to clause (viii b) in Section 27, since 2014, when the provision was first introduced.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The provisions of the Section 27A of the NDPS Act, 1985 prescribes punishment for financing illicit traffic and harbouring offenders.</span></span></p>
</li>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>The 2014 amendment</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">For allowing better medical access to narcotic drugs, an amendment in 2014 was made to the NDPS Act.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Section 2(viii)a defined ‘essential drugs’. The section 9 allowed manufacture, transport, sale, purchase and consumption of essential drugs.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>The anomaly</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The Section 2 was re-numbered while defining “essential drugs” in 2014. The offences that were to be listed under Section 2(viii)a, was now under Section 2(viii)b.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The drafters missed the enabling provision in Section 27A to change Section 2(viii)a to Section 2(viii)b.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Implication</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Offences given under Section 2(viii a) sub-clauses i-v were punished under Section 27A. The catalogue of offences under Section 2 (viii a) sub-clauses i-v does not exist after the 2014 amendment.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The Section 27A was inoperable after Section 2 (viii a) sub-clauses i-v became Section 2(viii b).</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Identification of error</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The Tripura High Court identified the drafting error while hearing a reference made by the district court.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">In 2016, an accused had sought bail before a special judge in Agartala, citing this omission in drafting. He could not be charged under the offence since Section 27A penalised a blank list.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The government said that a drafting error should not be a ground for seeking bail and the provisions should be read in the way it was intended and not drafted.</span></span></p>
</li>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Retrospective application</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The Article 20 (1) of the constitution says that an individual cannot be convicted of any offence except for violation of the law in force at the time of the commission of the act charged as an offence.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">This means that an individual cannot be punished for an offence that was not a “crime” under the law when it was committed.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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$metadescription = 'Bills & Laws, Actor Rhea Chakraborty and nine others so far have been booked under various sections of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act'
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'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The Lok Sabha has passed the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Amendment) Bill, 2021.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The amendment was passed to correct a drafting anomaly in 2014 amendment, which had created confusion in the law.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The amendment bill says that Section 2 clause (viii a) corresponds to clause (viii b) in Section 27, since 2014, when the provision was first introduced.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The provisions of the Section 27A of the NDPS Act, 1985 prescribes punishment for financing illicit traffic and harbouring offenders.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>The 2014 amendment</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">For allowing better medical access to narcotic drugs, an amendment in 2014 was made to the NDPS Act.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Section 2(viii)a defined ‘essential drugs’. The section 9 allowed manufacture, transport, sale, purchase and consumption of essential drugs.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>The anomaly</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The Section 2 was re-numbered while defining “essential drugs” in 2014. The offences that were to be listed under Section 2(viii)a, was now under Section 2(viii)b.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The drafters missed the enabling provision in Section 27A to change Section 2(viii)a to Section 2(viii)b.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Implication</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">Offences given under Section 2(viii a) sub-clauses i-v were punished under Section 27A. The catalogue of offences under Section 2 (viii a) sub-clauses i-v does not exist after the 2014 amendment.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The Section 27A was inoperable after Section 2 (viii a) sub-clauses i-v became Section 2(viii b).</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Identification of error</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The Tripura High Court identified the drafting error while hearing a reference made by the district court.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">In 2016, an accused had sought bail before a special judge in Agartala, citing this omission in drafting. He could not be charged under the offence since Section 27A penalised a blank list.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The government said that a drafting error should not be a ground for seeking bail and the provisions should be read in the way it was intended and not drafted.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong>Retrospective application</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif"">The Article 20 (1) of the constitution says that an individual cannot be convicted of any offence except for violation of the law in force at the time of the commission of the act charged as an offence.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">This means that an individual cannot be punished for an offence that was not a “crime” under the law when it was committed.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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