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'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A child was born on a US evacuation flight from Afghanistan. The woman was helped to deliver the baby in Ramstein Airbase of Germany on the flight.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This is one among many cases when children are born mid-air in international airspace. The procedures followed to decide nationality varies.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The baby was born on German soil. German law does not allow citizenship by virtue of being born on German soil but rather on descent.</span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The child should be born to a German legal mother and/or a German legal father to be eligible for citizenship of Germany.</span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The baby was born on the US flight to an Afghan national on German soil and hence it is not clear if German, Afghan or US laws will be applicable.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>US citizenship laws on child born on flights</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">US laws say that an individual can become citizen by birth or through naturalization. The US law would have been solely applicable if the flight was not in airspace of other country.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The jurisdiction of a state may be applicable if the flight is flying over the territory of another state.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">If the US registered flight is not in US airspace, the child born onboard cannot claim to be citizen of the US.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>The case of refugees</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">An individual forced to leave their country of origin due to violence, war or persecution is termed as a refugee.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">They may be leaving the country of their birth either permanently or temporarily to return back later. They may be facing an existential threat in their home country.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Children of refugees face statelessness. Many of them inherit their parents’ nationality by birth but others are not given this privilege due to sex-based discrimination.</span></span></p>
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'title' => 'Nationality of baby born on flight',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A child was born on a US evacuation flight from Afghanistan. The woman was helped to deliver the baby in Ramstein Airbase of Germany on the flight.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This is one among many cases when children are born mid-air in international airspace. The procedures followed to decide nationality varies.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The baby was born on German soil. German law does not allow citizenship by virtue of being born on German soil but rather on descent.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The child should be born to a German legal mother and/or a German legal father to be eligible for citizenship of Germany.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The baby was born on the US flight to an Afghan national on German soil and hence it is not clear if German, Afghan or US laws will be applicable.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>US citizenship laws on child born on flights</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">US laws say that an individual can become citizen by birth or through naturalization. The US law would have been solely applicable if the flight was not in airspace of other country.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The jurisdiction of a state may be applicable if the flight is flying over the territory of another state.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">If the US registered flight is not in US airspace, the child born onboard cannot claim to be citizen of the US.</span></span></p>
</li>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>The case of refugees</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">An individual forced to leave their country of origin due to violence, war or persecution is termed as a refugee.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">They may be leaving the country of their birth either permanently or temporarily to return back later. They may be facing an existential threat in their home country.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Children of refugees face statelessness. Many of them inherit their parents’ nationality by birth but others are not given this privilege due to sex-based discrimination.</span></span></p>
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