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'description' => '<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Context:</strong> <strong>The MVA Bill, 2019 is passed by both the houses of the parliament.</strong></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Major provisions:</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill seeks to <strong>amend the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 </strong>to <strong>provide for road safety. </strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Act provides for <strong>grant of licenses and permits related to motor vehicles, standards for motor vehicles, and penalties for violation of these provisions.</strong></span></span></li>
<li><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Compensation for road accident victims: </span></span></strong></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none">
<ul style="list-style-type:square">
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>central government will develop a scheme for cashless treatment of road accident </strong>victims <strong>during golden hour. </strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill defines golden hour as the time period of <strong>up to one hour following a traumatic injury</strong>, during which the likelihood of preventing death through prompt medical care is the highest. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The central government may also make a scheme for <strong>providing interim relief to claimants seeking compensation under third party insurance.</strong> </span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill <strong>increases the minimum compensation for hit and run cases </strong>as follows:</span></span></li>
<li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(i) In case of death, from Rs 25,000 to two lakh rupees, and </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(ii) In case of grievous injury, from Rs 12,500 to Rs 50,000.</span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Compulsory insurance:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none">
<ul style="list-style-type:square">
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill requires the central government to constitute a <strong>Motor Vehicle Accident Fund, to provide compulsory insurance cover to all road users in India</strong>. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>It will be utilised for:</strong></span></span></li>
<li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(i) Treatment of persons injured in road accidents as per the golden hour scheme </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(ii) Compensation to representatives of a person who died in a hit and run accident</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(iii) Compensation to a person grievously hurt in a hit and run accident</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(iv) Compensation to any other persons as prescribed by the central government. </span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Good Samaritans: </strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none">
<ul style="list-style-type:square">
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill defines a Good Samaritan <strong>as a person who renders emergency medical or non-medical assistance to a victim at the scene of an accident</strong>. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The assistance must have been (i) in good faith, (ii) voluntary, and (iii) without the expectation of any reward. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Such a person will not be liable for any civil or criminal action for any injury to or death of an accident victim, caused due to their negligence in providing assistance to the victim. </strong></span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Road Safety Board: </strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none">
<ul style="list-style-type:square">
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill provides for a <strong>National Road Safety Board, to be created by the central government through a notification. </strong> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Board will advise the central and state governments on <strong>all aspects of road safety and traffic management including:</strong></span></span></li>
<li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(i) Standards of motor vehicles</span></span></li>
<br />
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(ii) Registration and licensing of vehicles</span></span></li>
<br />
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(iii) Standards for road safety, and (iv) promotion of new vehicle technology</span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Offences and penalties: </strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none">
<ul style="list-style-type:square">
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill <strong>increases penalties for several offences under the Act. </strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong> </strong>For example, the <strong>maximum penalty for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs has been increased from Rs 2,000 to Rs 10,000.</strong> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> If a vehicle <strong>manufacturer fails to comply with motor vehicle standards, the penalty will be a fine of up to Rs 100 crore, or imprisonment of up to one year, or both.</strong> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> If <strong>a contractor fails to comply with road design standards, the penalty will be a fine of up to one lakh rupee</strong>s. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>central government may increase fines mentioned under the Act every year by up to 10%. </strong></span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Taxi aggregators: </strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none">
<ul style="list-style-type:square">
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill defines aggregators as <strong>digital intermediaries or market places which can be used by passengers to connect with a driver for transportation purposes </strong>(taxi services). </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These aggregators will be <strong>issued licenses by state. </strong>Further<strong>, they must comply with the Information Technology Act, 2000.</strong></span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
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'description' => '<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Context:</strong> <strong>The MVA Bill, 2019 is passed by both the houses of the parliament.</strong></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Major provisions:</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill seeks to <strong>amend the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 </strong>to <strong>provide for road safety. </strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Act provides for <strong>grant of licenses and permits related to motor vehicles, standards for motor vehicles, and penalties for violation of these provisions.</strong></span></span></li>
<li><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Compensation for road accident victims: </span></span></strong></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none">
<ul style="list-style-type:square">
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>central government will develop a scheme for cashless treatment of road accident </strong>victims <strong>during golden hour. </strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill defines golden hour as the time period of <strong>up to one hour following a traumatic injury</strong>, during which the likelihood of preventing death through prompt medical care is the highest. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The central government may also make a scheme for <strong>providing interim relief to claimants seeking compensation under third party insurance.</strong> </span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill <strong>increases the minimum compensation for hit and run cases </strong>as follows:</span></span></li>
<li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(i) In case of death, from Rs 25,000 to two lakh rupees, and </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(ii) In case of grievous injury, from Rs 12,500 to Rs 50,000.</span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Compulsory insurance:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none">
<ul style="list-style-type:square">
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill requires the central government to constitute a <strong>Motor Vehicle Accident Fund, to provide compulsory insurance cover to all road users in India</strong>. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>It will be utilised for:</strong></span></span></li>
<li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(i) Treatment of persons injured in road accidents as per the golden hour scheme </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(ii) Compensation to representatives of a person who died in a hit and run accident</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(iii) Compensation to a person grievously hurt in a hit and run accident</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(iv) Compensation to any other persons as prescribed by the central government. </span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Good Samaritans: </strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none">
<ul style="list-style-type:square">
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill defines a Good Samaritan <strong>as a person who renders emergency medical or non-medical assistance to a victim at the scene of an accident</strong>. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The assistance must have been (i) in good faith, (ii) voluntary, and (iii) without the expectation of any reward. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Such a person will not be liable for any civil or criminal action for any injury to or death of an accident victim, caused due to their negligence in providing assistance to the victim. </strong></span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Road Safety Board: </strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none">
<ul style="list-style-type:square">
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill provides for a <strong>National Road Safety Board, to be created by the central government through a notification. </strong> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Board will advise the central and state governments on <strong>all aspects of road safety and traffic management including:</strong></span></span></li>
<li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(i) Standards of motor vehicles</span></span></li>
<br />
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(ii) Registration and licensing of vehicles</span></span></li>
<br />
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(iii) Standards for road safety, and (iv) promotion of new vehicle technology</span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Offences and penalties: </strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none">
<ul style="list-style-type:square">
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill <strong>increases penalties for several offences under the Act. </strong></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong> </strong>For example, the <strong>maximum penalty for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs has been increased from Rs 2,000 to Rs 10,000.</strong> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> If a vehicle <strong>manufacturer fails to comply with motor vehicle standards, the penalty will be a fine of up to Rs 100 crore, or imprisonment of up to one year, or both.</strong> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> If <strong>a contractor fails to comply with road design standards, the penalty will be a fine of up to one lakh rupee</strong>s. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>central government may increase fines mentioned under the Act every year by up to 10%. </strong></span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Taxi aggregators: </strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type:none">
<ul style="list-style-type:square">
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Bill defines aggregators as <strong>digital intermediaries or market places which can be used by passengers to connect with a driver for transportation purposes </strong>(taxi services). </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These aggregators will be <strong>issued licenses by state. </strong>Further<strong>, they must comply with the Information Technology Act, 2000.</strong></span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
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