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'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Recently, amendments to the Forest Conservation Act, 1980 was proposed by the Ministry for Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC).</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A feedback from public is being asked within 15 days before any modifications are made to pass the amended act.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The amendment eases diversion of forests and exempts certain categories of development from the need to take clearance from the Ministry.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The current laws have blocked the potential of land. Even private owners of land are unable to utilize their land for other purpose.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>History of Forest Act</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The law was amended only once in 1988. In T N Godavarman Thirumulpad v Union of India 1996, the Supreme Court had expanded definition of forests.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Previously, the definition of forests only applied to reserve forests and national parks. The new definition automatically applied even to private land.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Irrespective of ownership, private lands would automatically become a “deemed forest” without being notified. It even applied to plantations in non-forest land.</span></span></p>
</li>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Reasons for amendments</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The ambiguity in definition has resulted into lot of resentment and resistance particularly from private individuals and organizations.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Ministries such as Railways and Road transport have demanded change in definition for early clearance. This will prevent delay in infrastructure projects.</span></span></p>
</li>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Changes proposed</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Lands acquired by Railways and Roads Ministries prior to 1980 will be exempted from the Act. These ministries will not need clearance for expansion on these lands.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">For individuals whose land comes under dictionary meaning of the forest will be allowed construction of structures for bona fide purposes such as homes for one time purpose.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Projects of defence near the border will be exempted from the law. Extended Reach Drilling can be used for oil drilling purposes in forested areas.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Concerns</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Clearing of large areas of forested land in the name of expansion. Large-scale corporate ownerships of projects in forest land could be detrimental.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">One time exemption for construction on forested land will open forested areas for real-estate projects. This is threatening.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The bill does not talk about compensation and rehabilitation of tribals and forest dwellers affected due to projects.</span></span></p>
</li>
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'title' => 'Government proposes to redefine forests',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Recently, amendments to the Forest Conservation Act, 1980 was proposed by the Ministry for Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC).</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A feedback from public is being asked within 15 days before any modifications are made to pass the amended act.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The amendment eases diversion of forests and exempts certain categories of development from the need to take clearance from the Ministry.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The current laws have blocked the potential of land. Even private owners of land are unable to utilize their land for other purpose.</span></span></p>
</li>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>History of Forest Act</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The law was amended only once in 1988. In T N Godavarman Thirumulpad v Union of India 1996, the Supreme Court had expanded definition of forests.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Previously, the definition of forests only applied to reserve forests and national parks. The new definition automatically applied even to private land.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Irrespective of ownership, private lands would automatically become a “deemed forest” without being notified. It even applied to plantations in non-forest land.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Reasons for amendments</strong></span></span></p>
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<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The ambiguity in definition has resulted into lot of resentment and resistance particularly from private individuals and organizations.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Ministries such as Railways and Road transport have demanded change in definition for early clearance. This will prevent delay in infrastructure projects.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Changes proposed</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Lands acquired by Railways and Roads Ministries prior to 1980 will be exempted from the Act. These ministries will not need clearance for expansion on these lands.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">For individuals whose land comes under dictionary meaning of the forest will be allowed construction of structures for bona fide purposes such as homes for one time purpose.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Projects of defence near the border will be exempted from the law. Extended Reach Drilling can be used for oil drilling purposes in forested areas.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Concerns</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Clearing of large areas of forested land in the name of expansion. Large-scale corporate ownerships of projects in forest land could be detrimental.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">One time exemption for construction on forested land will open forested areas for real-estate projects. This is threatening.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The bill does not talk about compensation and rehabilitation of tribals and forest dwellers affected due to projects.</span></span></p>
</li>
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