Tag Wise Current Affairs

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		'title' => 'Daily Current Affairs (Short Updates): 22 February 2019',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">National Current Affairs</span></strong></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">India to stop water flowing from eastern rives to Pakistan</span></strong></span></span></p>

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	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Union Water Resources Minister Nitin Gadkari has announced that India will no longer allow its share of eastern river waters under 1960 Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) to flow into Pakistan. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">This comes as part of punitive measures that can be imposed&nbsp;against Paksitan following Pulwama terror attack in which 40 soldiers were killed.&nbsp; <a href="https://www.studyiq.com/currentaffairs/daily/22-02-2019/india-stop-water-flowing-eastern-rives-pakistan" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">Read more</a></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">President gives assent to amend Indian Stamp Act, 1899</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">President Ram Nath Kovind gave assent (under Article 111 of constitution) to amend Indian Stamp Act, 1899 to rationalise and harmonise stamp duty and help to curb tax evasion. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">The amendments to this Act were introduced as part of Finance Act 2019 and was approved by Parliament. <a href="https://www.studyiq.com/currentaffairs/daily/22-02-2019/president-assent-amend-indian-stamp-act" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">Read more</a></span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Government to conduct All India Citizens Survey of Police Service</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) will to conduct &lsquo;All India Citizens Survey of Police Services&rsquo;, a pan-India survey to gauge public perception of police. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will be conducted by Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD) with the help of National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) in nine months period. <a href="https://www.studyiq.com/currentaffairs/daily/22-02-2019/govt-conduct-all-india-citizens-survey-police-service" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">Read more</a></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">NABH launches HOPE portal</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">National Certification Board for Hospitals and Health Service Providers (NABH) has revised entry level certification process to make it simple, quick, digital and user-friendly. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">The revamped certification process will be driven through new launched HOPE portal. HOPE stands for Healthcare Organizations&rsquo; Platform for Entry-Level-Certification. <a href="https://www.studyiq.com/currentaffairs/daily/22-02-2019/nabh-launches-hope-portal" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">Read more</a></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Tripura&rsquo;s first mega food park inaugurated in Agartala </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Tripura&rsquo;s first mega food park viz. Sikaria Mega Food Park Pvt Ltd was recently inaugurated at Village Tulakona in state capital Agartala. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is 18th of its kind food park in the country set up under Mega Food Park Scheme implemented by Union Ministry of Food Processing Industries. <a href="https://www.studyiq.com/currentaffairs/daily/22-02-2019/tripura-first-mega-food-park-agartala" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">Read more</a></span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Banking &amp;Economy Current Affairs </span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">EPF interest rate hiked to 8.65 percent</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Central Board of Trustees (CBT) of Employees&rsquo; Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) has hiked interest rate on PF deposits to 8.65% for 2018-19 from 8.55% in the previous financial year.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">This is a 10 basis point increase from the 8.55 percent EPF interest rate announced by the retirement fund for 2017-18. One basis point is one-hundredth of a percentage point.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">CBT is the apex decision-making body of EPFO and is headed by Union Labour Minister. It has representatives of employees, employers and government.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Note:</span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif"> CBT&#39;s proposal on interest rate hike will now go to Finance Ministry for approval. The interest rate is credited into the accounts of subscribers after it receives approval of Finance Ministry</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">NITI Aayog organises Conference on Future of Indian Banking</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">NITI Aayog organised the &lsquo;Conference on Future of Indian Banking and role of technology&rsquo; in New Delhi. It was inaugurated by NITI Aayog Vice Chairman Dr. Rajiv Kumar.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It was aimed at increasing and elevating discourse on banking sector in India and help develop insights to inform continued evolution of banking sector in India.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It saw participation of 200 domestic and international participants, including policy makers, researchers, professionals, academicians and students from various banks, universities and institutes.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">4th India-ASEAN Expo Summit held in New Delhi</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">The 4th India-ASEAN Expo and Summit was held in New Delhi from 21-23 February 2019. Its theme was &ldquo;Reviving the Millennial Partnership&rdquo;.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It was organised by Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce &amp; Industry (FICCI), with the support of Government of India.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It attended by Ministers, government officials and business delegations from 10 ASEAN countries (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam).</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Its aim was to build upon success of previous edition of ASEAN-India Business and Investment Meet and Expo which was held in 2018 as precursor to India-ASEAN Commemorative Summit. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It provided platform for policy makers, business leaders and industry captains to come together and forge common vision for India and ASEAN&rsquo;s mutual growth and progress.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">FDI inflows to India: April-December 2018</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">According to data released by Ministry of Commerce, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows to India declined by 7% to US $ 33.49 billion during April-December in the financial year 2018-19. It was US $35.94 billion during same period in 2017-18. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Contraction of FDI inflows may have impact on country&rsquo;s balance of payments (BoP) and also adversely affect value of rupee (resulting in depreciation).</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Sectoral wise breakup of FDI:</span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif"> Services ($5.91 billion), computer software and hardware ($4.75 billion), telecommunications ($2.29 billion), trading ($2.33 billion), chemicals ($6.05 billion) and automobile industry ($1.81 billion). </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Top FDI countries:</span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif"> Singapore ($12.97 billion) followed by Mauritius ($6 billion), Netherlands ($2.95 billion), Japan ($2.21 billion), US ($2.34 billion) and UK ($1.05 billion). </span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">DPIIT launches 2nd edition of Startup Ranking of states</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) under Ministry of Commerce &amp; Industry has launched second edition of Startup Ranking for 2019. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It aims to rank States/UTs for establishing a robust ecosystem for supporting Startups. It also seeks to encourage States/UTs to identify, learn and replicate good practices from each other. <a href="https://www.studyiq.com/currentaffairs/daily/22-02-2019/dpiit-launches-2nd-edition-startup-ranking-of-states" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">Read more</a></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Science &amp; Technology Current Affairs</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Hippocamp: New moon of Neptune discovered</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Astronomers have confirmed existence of Hippocamp- a new tiny moon orbiting Neptune. It was discovered using NASA&rsquo;s Hubble Space Telescope.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Hippocamp has diameter of only 20 miles, making it smallest moon yet discovered in orbit around the outermost planet. It is named after mythical half-horse, half-fish sea creature. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">With this discovery, Neptune now has 14 moons. There are seven inner moons (including Hippocamp), and six outer moons. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Neptune&rsquo;s largest moon, Triton. It is eighth and farthest known planet from Sun in the Solar System.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">First Drone Olympics Competition</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">India&rsquo;s first ever Drone Olympics&rsquo; competition for UAV&rsquo;s was held recently at Air Force Station, Bengaluru alongside Aero India exhibition. It was organized by Ministry of Defence.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It was aimed at encouraging UAV industry to connect with potential buyers and business partners in the country and also provide opportunity to Armed Forces to assess the capabilities of UAVs.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">The competition was held in two categories: Hybrid Designs and Fixed VTOL, which was further classified into two weight categories- 4 kg and 4-7 kg.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Besides there were also UAV formation flying challenge and weight-drop challenge. The prize money for the three competition categories ranged between Rs 50,000 and Rs 3 lakh.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Xin Xiaomeng: China unveils world&rsquo;s first female AI news anchor</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">China&rsquo;s state-run press agency Xinhua has unveiled world&rsquo;s first female Artificial Intelligence (AI) news anchor named <strong>Xin Xiaomeng.</strong> </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">She has been developed by Xinhua news agency in collaboration with Sogou Inc, a Chinese search engine company. She is modelled after real-life Xinhua news anchor Qu Meng. i.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Earlier, this news agency also unveiled Qiu Hao, world&rsquo;s first male AI news anchor at World Internet Conference in Wuzhen held in November 2018. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">This male news anchor is capable of mimicking human mannerisms and facial expressions while reading out news-reports.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">KP-Bot: Kerala Police inducts country&rsquo;s first humanoid robot </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Kerala State Police has inducted first humanoid robot named KP-Bot into force. It makes it world&#39;s first and the very first police force in the country to induct humanoid robots. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It has been designed to provide round-the-clock service, involving public interface and front office administration and overcome human limitations to avoid, to the extent possible, human error. <a href="https://www.studyiq.com/currentaffairs/daily/22-02-2019/kp-bot-kerala-police-first-humanoid-robot" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">Read more</a></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Defence Current Affairs</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">BEL signs teaming agreement with Hughes India </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) has inked teaming agreement with Hughes India for satellite communication solutions for helicopters.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">This agreement is for design, development, supply, installation, integration and commissioning of Satellite Communication solutions for helicopters.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will enable Defence Ministry&rsquo;s strategic users to get enabled with helicopter-based Satellite Communication links for real-time and assured communications using ISRO&#39;s Ku band satellites.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Hughes India is subsidiary of Hughes Network Systems, US (commonly known as Hughes). Hughes is world&rsquo;s largest provider of broadband satellite networks and services.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Velayat 97: Iran to conduct navy drill</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Iranian Navy will conduct naval drill Velayat 97 in the waters of Strait of Hormuz, Makran coast, Oman Sea and north of Indian Ocean through which vital global shipping routes passes.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is aimed at evaluating navy&rsquo;s equipment, practice launching weapons and enable the troops to gain readiness for real battle </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">The drill also includes missile launches from the vessels. It will also showcase Iran&rsquo;s warships, submarines, helicopters and drones.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">BrahMos NG: New deadlier version of BrahMos Missile</span></strong> </span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">New smaller and deadlier version of BrahMos supersonic cruise missile dubbed as BrahMos NG is under developmental phase. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Its prototype will be ready for testing in about three years. It is being designed to take down slow moving `force multipliers&rsquo; deep within enemy territory. <a href="https://www.studyiq.com/currentaffairs/daily/22-02-2019/brahmos-ng-deadlier-version-brahmos-missile" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">Read more</a></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Awards Current Affairs</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">PM Narendra Modi awarded 2018 Seoul Peace Prize </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Prime Minister Narendra Modi was conferred 2018 Seoul Peace Prize. He is 14th recipient of this prestigious award. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">He was awarded for his contribution to international cooperation and fostering global economic growth and promoting global peace and harmony through inclusive economic growth and improving quality of life of people in India. <a href="https://www.studyiq.com/currentaffairs/daily/22-02-2019/narendra-modi-awarded-2018-seoul-peace-prize" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline">Read more</a></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Sushma Swaraj awarded Spain&rsquo;s Grand Cross of Order of Civil Merit</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Government of Spain has conferred Union External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj with its state order (prestigious award)-Grand Cross of Order of Civil Merit. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It was bestowed upon her in recognition of India&#39;s support in evacuating 71 Spanish nationals through Operation Maitri from Nepal during disastrous earthquake in April 2015.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Grand Cross of Order of Civil Merit: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It honours extraordinary service by Spanish and foreign citizens for the benefit of Spain. It was as established by King Alfonso XIII of Spain in 1926.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Miscellaneous</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Festival of India organized in Nepal</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It was organized by Swami Vivekananda Cultural Center at Indian embassy in Kathmandu (capital of Nepal) with support from Union Ministry of Culture.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">The month-long festival will host cultural performances, exhibition on Mahatma Gandhiji and seminar on Sanskrit. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Its objective is to consolidate and strengthen existing age-old relations between both countries, reinforce sensibilities, affinities and shared cultural bonds between people.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It also seeks to contribute towards sustaining and enhancing mutual understanding between both neighbouring countries.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Waste to Wonder Park inaugurated in South Delhi</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It was inaugurated by Union Home Minister Rajnath Singh under South Delhi Municipal Corporation (SDMC).</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Its main attractions is &ldquo;Seven Wonders Park&rdquo; which has different sized tall replicas of all seven wonders of world viz. <em>Taj Mahal, Eiffel Tower, Leaning Tower of Pisa, Great Pyramid of Giza, Rio de Janeiro&rsquo;s Christ the Redeemer statue, Rome&rsquo;s Colosseum and New York&rsquo;s Statute of Liberty</em>.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">These replicas have been made with total 150 tonnes of scrap and waste comprising of automobile parts and other metal waste like rods, iron sheets, nut- bolts, bicycle and bike parts etc. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">President Ram Nath Kovind recently unveiled statue of Mahatma Gandhi at Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha (DBHPS) in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">DBHPS is national organisation that aims to improve Hindi literacy among non-Hindi speaking people of South India. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It was established by Mahatma Gandhi in 1918 to prorogate Hindi languate in South India. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Its main purpose is to unite northern and southern states of the country in greatest interest of integration of the nation. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Gandhiji was its founder president. Its first Pracharak was Devadoss Gandhi, son of Mahatma Gandhi.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is divided into four divisions one each for south states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh (includes Telagnana), Kerala and Tamil Nadu. In 1964, it was declared Institutes of National Importance. &nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Shisht Bharat Campaign</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Shisht Bharat campaign was launched by NGO in New Delhi to inculcate public civic sense.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Its aim was to strengthen moral character of citizens by sensitizing them about values of morality, civic sense, politeness, decorum and dignity.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Its theme was to discuss importance of moral science education in schools and colleges and include moral science as subject in educational curriculum.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It brought together policy-makers, NGOs, media personalities, RWAs, Delhi traffic police, corporate houses and multinationals together for promotion of the cause.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">International Vision Zero Conference </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It was held in Mumbai, capital of Maharashtra from 18-20 February 2019 to promote Occupational Safety and Health. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It was organized by Directorate General Factory Advice and Labour Institutes (DGFASLI), IIT Bombay and German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV).</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It provided platform for promoting safety and health at work by exchanging knowledge, practices and experience. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It saw participation of more than 1200 national and international delegates comprising of occupational safety and health professionals from manufacturing, mining and construction sectors.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Vision Zero concept:</span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif"> It is based on four fundamental principles viz. <em>life is non-negotiable, humans are fallible, tolerable limits are defined by human physical resistance and people are entitled to safe transport and safe workplaces. </em></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is based on principles of <em>controlling risks, ensuring safety and health in machines, equipment and workplaces and skill upgradation of workforce.</em></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="color:#2980b9"><span style="font-size:20px"><strong><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Sports Current Affairs</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">SC appoints Justice DK Jain as ombudsman for BCCI</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Supreme Court has appointed former apex court judge Justice DK Jain as ombudsman for Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">He is first person to be appointed as ombudsman for BCCI (though court-appointed) under terms of newly approved constitution of the cricket board. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Ombudsman&rsquo;s role will be to resolve disputes relating to players within state cricket associations and also financial issues. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'title' => 'Rajiv Nayan Choubey sworn in as member of UPSC ',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Rajiv Nayan Choubey was sworn in as member of Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). He was administered oath of office and secrecy by UPSC Chairman Arvind Saxena. He will have maximum tenure of six-years or till he attains age of 65, whichever is earlier. With his appointment, UPSC attained its full strength, which has maximum of 10 members, besides a chairperson.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Rajiv Nayan Choubey</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">He is retired Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the 1981 batch, Tamil Nadu Cadre. In his bureaucratic career spanning over more than 35 years, has held several important positions in Central Government as well as in Tamil Nadu Government. His last position in central government was of Civil Aviation Secretary (from June 2015 to January 2019).</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Union Public Service Commission (UPSC</strong>) </span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is India&rsquo;s premier <strong>central recruiting agency</strong>. It is responsible for conducting examinations and appointments for All India services and group A &amp; group B of Central services.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is <strong>constitutional body,</strong> deriving its mandate from Article 315 to 323 in Part XIV of Constitution. According to Constitution, it is &lsquo;<strong>watch-dog&rsquo; of merit system in India</strong>. </span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Composition:</strong> It consists of a Chairman and ten Members appointed and removed by President of India. The term of Chairman and members of UPSC is of six years or until they attain age of 65 years whichever is earlier.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Headquarters:</strong> <em>Dholpur House, New Delhi</em> and functions through its own secretariat.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It conducts prestigious civil services examination to select officers of Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Foreign Service (IFS) and Indian Police Service (IPS) etc.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Government is required to consult it in matters relating to appointment, transfer, promotion and disciplinary matters.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'title' => 'Kerala first state to set up Price Monitoring and Research Unit',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Kerala became first State in the country to set up price monitoring and research unit (PMRU) to track violation of prices of essential drugs and medical devices under Drugs Price Control Order (DPCO). The move comes more than five years after the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) proposed such system for the States and Union Territories (UTs).</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Price Monitoring and Research Unit (PMRU)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It will serve as watchdog will look at overcharging for medicines and sale of stents. It has been registered as society under Societies Registration Act, 1860 and will get Central assistance for the functioning,</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It is expected to help State Drugs Control wing, which is hit by severe staff shortage, and regulate drug prices more effectively.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Composition:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif"> State Health Secretary will be its Chairman and Drugs Controller will be its member secretary. Its members will include State government representative, representatives of private pharmaceutical companies, and those from consumer rights protection forum. It will also have executive committee headed by the Drugs Controller.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Functions</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It will offer technical help to State Drug Controllers and NPPA to monitor notified prices of medicines, detect violation of the provisions of DPCO.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It will look at price compliance, collect test samples of medicines, and collect and compile market-based data of scheduled as well as non-scheduled formulations.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It will also check if pharma companies were hiking the prices of non-scheduled drugs by more than 10% a year. It may also check if there is any shortage of essential medicines.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">NPPA decides ceiling prices and medical devices&nbsp;under Drug (Prices Control) Order. These essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the country&rsquo;s population. Pharma companies have been accused of overcharging prices of drugs in scheduled category fixed by DPCO and those outside its ambit too. The suggestion to set up PMRUs was made against backdrop of lack of field-level link between NPPA and State Drugs Controllers and State Drug Inspectors to monitor drug prices. NPPA has fixed the prices of around 1,000 drugs and prior to this there was no price review mechanism.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">About National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) </span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It is nodal government regulatory agency that controls prices of pharmaceutical drugs in India. It functions under Union Ministry of Chemical and Fertiliser. It advices Central Government in matters relate to drug policies and pricing. It also renders advice to Central Government on changes/ revisions in the drug policy.</span></span></span></span></p>
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		'title' => 'Rishi Kumar Shukla appointed as CBI Director',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Appointments Committee of Cabinet (ACC) chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has appointed senior IPS officer Rishi Kumar Shukla (58) as Director of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). He was appointed for two-year term based on recommendation of Lokpal Search Committee, comprising the Prime Minister, Chief Justice of India and the Leader of the Opposition. Rishi Kumar Shukla<strong> </strong>is 1983-batch IPS officer. Prior to this appointment he was serving as Chairman of Madhya Pradesh Police Housing Corporation and earlier had served as Director General of Madhya Pradesh Police.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Central Bureau of Investigation</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It is premier investigating of central government for cases relating to corruption and major criminal probes. It investigates those crimes having interstate and international ramifications.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It was set up by resolution of Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) in 1963 after Santhanam committee recommendation. &nbsp;<em>It has its origin in Special Police Establishment established in 1941</em>.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Presently it functions as <em>attached office under Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT),</em> Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Headquarters:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif"> New Delhi.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Motto:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif"> &ldquo;Industry, Impartiality, Integrity&rdquo;</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Power Source:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif"> It is non-constitutional and non-statutory body. It derives power to investigate from Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Though DSPE Act gives CBI legal power, word &lsquo;CBI&rsquo; is not mentioned in DSPE Act, besides, executive order of MHA also does not mention CBI to be constituted under DSPE Act.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Superintendence of CBI rests with Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) in corruption cases and with DoPT in other matters.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Jurisdiction:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif"> Section 2 of DSPE Act vests CBI with jurisdiction to investigate offences in Union Territories only. However, it can be extended by Central Government to other areas including Railway areas and states under Section 5(1) of Act, provided State Government accords consent under Section 6 of Act (Thus, consent of state government is mandatory for conducting investigation in that state).</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Functions of CBI include solving:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Corruption Cases:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif"> It investigates corruption and fraud committed by public servants of all Central Governmetn Departments, Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs) and Central Financial Institutions. </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Economic Crimes:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif"> It investigates crimes such as bank frauds, financial frauds, Import Export &amp; Foreign Exchange violations, large-scale smuggling of narcotics, antiques, cultural property and smuggling of other contraband items etc. </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Special Crimes:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif"> It handles cases such as terrorism, sensational homicides, bomb blasts, kidnapping for ransom and crimes committed by mafia or underworld.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">International representation:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif"> It is the nodal police agency in India to coordinate with Interpol. </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'metatitle' => 'Rishi Kumar Shukla appointed as CBI Director | Current Affairs',
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		'metadescription' => 'In Persons in News Current Affairs, IPS officer Rishi Kumar Shukla ,appointed as Director of Central Bureau of Investigation , CBI',
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
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		'id' => (int) 35,
		'title' => 'Doordarshan launches ‘Rag Rag Mein Ganga’ Travelogue Programme and ‘Meri Ganga’ Quiz Series ',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">State broadcaster Doordarshan launched travelogue programme &lsquo;Rag Rag Mein Ganga&rsquo; and &lsquo;Meri Ganga Quiz&rsquo; series. Both programmes are funded by National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) under Namami Gange programme.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Rag Rag Mein Ganga</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">This travelogue showcases spiritual, religious, cultural and socio economic heritage of River Ganga and its present ecological condition. It covers Ganga&rsquo;s journey from Gomukh to Ganga Sagar. </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It will be aired on DD National and will be 21-episode series anchored by a well-known actor, Rajeev Khandelwal.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It is embedded with many take-home messages for viewers on need of rejuvenating Ganga. It will highlight the present situation of Ganga in terms of cleanliness along with call for action to people.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">&lsquo;Meri Ganga Quiz&rsquo; series</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It has been designed by National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) along with Doordarshan. </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It aims to cover school children from all zones of India to trigger curiosity in younger generation and to encourage them to take up the cause to conserve and rejuvenate Ganga.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">The 16-episode quiz series will be telecast on DD National from 2nd February 2019 every Saturday and Sunday from 10 a.m.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Namami Gange Programme</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It is an Integrated Conservation Mission to accomplish twin objectives of effective abatement of pollution, conservation and rejuvenation of National River Ganga</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It was approved as &lsquo;Flagship Programme&rsquo; by Union Government in June 2014 with budget outlay of Rs. 20,000 Crore for integrating various efforts to clean and protect River Ganga in comprehensive manner. </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Its main pillars are sewerage treatment infrastructure, river-surface cleaning, river-front development, bio-diversity, afforestation, public awareness, industrial effluent monitoring and ganga gram. </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It will cover 12 rivers across 8 states, 47 towns. It seeks to benefit vast population dependent on River Ganaga in terms of job creation, improved livelihoods and health benefits. </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It also endeavours to deploy best available knowledge and resources international countries that have expertise in river rejuvenation for Ganga rejuvenation.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) </span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It is implementation wing of National Council for Rejuvenation, Protection and Management of River Ganga (also referred as National Ganga Council which is chaired by Prime Minister). </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It was established as a registered society under Societies Registration Act, 1860 in 2011.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It has a two tier management structure and comprises of Executive Committee and Governing Council Both of them are headed by Director General (DG), NMCG.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 30,
		'title' => 'PETROTECH-2019: 13th International Oil & Gas Conference & Exhibition',
		'description' => '<h2 style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">The 13th International Oil &amp; Gas Conference &amp; Exhibition viz. <strong>PETROTECH-2019</strong> will be held in Greater Nodia, Uttar Pradesh&nbsp;from February 10 to 12, 2019. It will be inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The theme for this year is <em>&ldquo;<strong>Shaping the New Energy World through Innovation</strong> <strong>and Collaboration</strong>&rdquo;</em>. The three-day mega event will showcase recent market and investor friendly developments that have taken place in the India&rsquo;s oil and gas sector.</span></span></span></span></h2>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">PETROTECH </span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It is India&rsquo;s flagship hydrocarbon international conference organised under aegis of Union Ministry of Petroleum &amp; Natural Gas. <strong>It is Asia&rsquo;s largest oil and gas event. </strong>It is held biennially. </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It brings together energy ministers, professionals, industry leaders, academicians and domain experts from energy sector on a common platform to exchange views and share knowledge, expertise and experiences</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It aims to explore areas of growth in petroleum technology, exploration, drilling, production and processing, refining, pipeline transportation, petrochemicals, natural gas, Liquefied natural gas (LNG), petroleum trade, economics, legal and human resource development, marketing.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It also showcases strengths and potential of Indian Hydrocarbon industry to world besides providing vibrant platform for sharing of experience, exchange of ideas, knowledge and technological development across various segments of hydrocarbon industry.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">PETROTECH 2019 </span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">It will see participation of over 86 eminent speakers and 7000 delegates from around 70 countries, including technologists, scientists, planners, policy-makers, management experts, entrepreneurs, service-providers and vendors.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">Exhibition organized on sidelines of it will see participation of over 13 country pavilions and about 750 exhibitors from over 40 countries, with exclusive areas on Make in India and Renewable Energy theme.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,sans-serif">This exhibition will focus on development in technologies for exploration &amp; production, process control, refining and pipeline and services, systems, products, oil field hardware, software, Renewable, R&amp;D, training and publications of technical literature etc.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 28,
		'title' => 'Sahitya Akademi Award 2018 awarded to 24 writers',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Sahitya Academy, India&rsquo;s national academy of letters has awarded prestigious Sahitya Akademi Award for year 2018 on 24 poets and authors for their premier literary works in 24 Indian languages. The awards were presented by President of Sahitya Akademi Chandrasekhar Kambarat at function held in New Delhi.&nbsp; </span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>2018 Recipients are</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Six Short stories:</strong> Prof Bina Thakur (Maithili), Rituraj Basumatary (Bodo), Sanjib Chattopadhyay (Bengali), Mushtaq Ahmed Mushtaq (Kashmiri), Nath Upadhyay Chapagain (Nepali) and Prof. Budhichandra Heisnamba (Manipuri).</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Seven Poetry:</strong> Paresh Narendra Kamat (Konkani), Sananta Tanti (Assamese), Dr. Mohanjit (Punjabi), S Ramesan Nair (Malayalam) and Dr Rama Kant Shukla (Sanskrit), Khiman U Mulani (Sindhi) and Dr. Rajesh Kumar Vyas (Rajasthani).</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Six Novels:</strong> Anees Salim (English), Shyam Besra (Santali), Inderjeet Kesar (Dogri), Chitra Mudgal (Hindi), Ramkrishnan (Tamil) and Rahman Abbas (Urdu).</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>3 Literary Criticism:</strong> Ma. Su. Patil (Marathi), KG Nagarajappa (Kannada) and Prof. Dasarathi Das (Odia).</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>2 Essays:</strong> Prof. Sharifa Vijliwala (Gujarati) and Dr. Kolakaluri Enoch (Telugu).</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Sahitya Akademi Awards</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is literary honour conferred annually by Sahitya Akademi on Indian writers for their outstanding works of literary merit. </span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was established in 1954. </span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It awarded on writers for their outstanding works in one of twenty-four major Indian languages (22 Scheduled Languages under Eight Schedule of Constitution+ Rajasthani and English.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The award consists of casket containing engraved copper-plaque (designed by film-maker Satyajit Ray), a shawl and monetary cheque of one lakh rupees.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'metadescription' => 'Sahitya Academy, India’s national academy of letters has awarded prestigious Sahitya Akademi Award for year 2018 on 24 poets',
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 52,
		'title' => 'Srinagar-Alusteng-Drass-Kargil-Leh Transmission Line inaugurated',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Prime Minister Narendra Modi dedicated <strong>220 kV Srinagar-Alusteng-Drass-Kargil-Leh Transmission System</strong> to nation. With this, Leh-Ladakh region of Jammu &amp; Kashmir (J&amp;K) now has been connected to national grid under <em>One-Nation, One-Grid project</em>.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Srinagar- Alusteng - Drass- Kargil &ndash; Leh Transmission Line </strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This 335 km (approx) long transmission line projected was executed by Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (POWERGRID).</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was flagship project of Central Government of India, under Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana (PMRPY) scheme aimed to improve reliability and quality of power supply in Ladakh region by connecting with National Grid.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Its foundation stone was laid in August, 2014 and was completed within record 4.5 years timeframe.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has been built at height of around 3000-4000 meters.In this project, four new state-of-the-art 220/66 kV Gas Insulated Sub-stations built at Drass, Kargil, Khaltsi and Leh.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Towers of this line are specially designed and constructed with assistance from Snow &amp; Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE) as it remains snow covered for nearly six months.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Funding for this Rs. 2266 crore project was in ratio of 95:05 (95% Central Government share and 5% J&amp;K state share).</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Benefits to region</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will ensure 24x7 quality power supply to Ladakh round the year in all weather conditions especially during in harsh winters.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will help in evacuation of surplus power of Kargil and Leh Hydel stations of NHPC in summers. Thus, it will help to meet power demand of Ladakh region at economical rates.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will also provide reliable quality power supply to strategically important Ladakh region including defence establishments in the area.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will give huge boost to tourism sector and enhance socio-economic development of Leh-Ladakh region due to availability of electricity at reasonable rates.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will also result in minimizing massive use of diesel generating sets during winters, and thus will help in protection of beautiful environment of this pristine region.</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>POWERGRID</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is state-owned electric utilities company under Ministry of Power.&nbsp; It wholly owned by Central Government.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is Navratna Company and is one of world&rsquo;s largest power transmission utility.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was established in October 1989 and headquartered in Gurgaon, Haryana.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It transmits about 50% of total power generated in India on its transmission network.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has wide network of 150,874 circuit kilometers transmission lines, with 238 sub-stations and transformation capacity of 351,106 MVA.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It also operates a telecom business under name POWERTEL. </span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'metatitle' => 'Srinagar-Alusteng-Drass-Kargil-Leh Transmission Line inaugurated',
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
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		'id' => (int) 50,
		'title' => 'CJI Ranjan Gogoi lays foundation stone for Andhra Pradesh HC',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Chief Justice of India (CJI) Ranjan Gogoi laid foundation stone for Andhra Pradesh High Court building in Nelapadu in Amaravati capital region of the state where Justice City is being developed. He also inaugurated interim Andhra Pradesh High Court complex at Amaravati. Interim complex is two-storied building constructed at Nelapadu and has 16 court halls, including 12 on the first floor.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Separate HC for Andhra Pradesh came into existence on January 1, 2019, four and a half years after bifurcation of state on June 2, 2014.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was created through Presidential order notified <strong>under Article 214 of Constitution. </strong><em>With this, the total strength for high courts in the country is now 25.</em></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Prior to it, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana were having common high court at Hyderabad, the latter&rsquo;s capital city.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Section 30 of Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 (which was enacted with view to provide reorganisation of existing Andhra Pradesh) calls for setting up separate HC for Andhra Pradesh.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is having total 16 judges including Chief Justice. Justice Praveen Kumar is&nbsp;currently acting&nbsp;Chief Justice of Andhra Pradesh HC.</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Andhra Pradesh High Court</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Both Judicial Complex and High Court are being developed as part of Justice City, to be developed on 450 acres of land. Justice City will be completed in two phases in 2022 and 2036.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The permanent High Court complex will be built in total site area of 42 acre of land with built up area of about 12.2 lakh sq ft. Its design will be based on Buddhist Stupa.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will comprise construction of 36 court halls in first phase with provision for additional 24 court halls for future expansion.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">High Court is proposed to be developed along with ancillary supporting ecosystem, including tribunals, City Courts, residences and other facilities.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Shapoorji and Pallonji Group has been entrusted with responsibility to develop it at estimated cost of Rs. 1,400 crore.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'title' => 'World Cancer Day observed on 4 February',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">World Cancer Day is observed every year on February 4 to raise awareness of cancer and to encourage its prevention, detection, and treatment. It aims to save millions of preventable deaths each year through education, raising awareness and by pressing governments and individuals across world to take action against the deadly disease.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>New 3-year campaign </strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) which organises this Day every year has launched new 3-year campaign with theme &ldquo;<em>I Am and I Will</em>&rdquo;. The campaign aims at empowering call-to-action, urging for personal commitment and represents power of individual action to impact the future.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>World Cancer Day </strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was founded by UICC to support goals of World Cancer Declaration, written in 2008. Its institution can be traced at first World Summit Against Cancer, which was held in Paris, France in 2000.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The primary goal of this day is to significantly reduce illness and death caused by cancer.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It also seeks to provide opportunity to rally international community to end injustice of preventable suffering from cancer. It also targets misinformation, raises awareness, and reduces stigma.</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is non-governmental organization that exists to help global health community accelerate the fight against cancer.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Its mission is to unite cancer community to reduce global cancer burden, to promote greater equity, and to integrate cancer control into the world health and development agenda.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was founded in 1933 and based in Geneva, Switzerland.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has membership of over 800 organisations across 155 countries and features world&rsquo;s major cancer societies, ministries of health, research institutes and patient groups.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It also partners with its members, key partners, World Health Organization (WHO), World Economic Forum (WEF) and others, to tackle cancer on a global scale.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 67,
		'title' => 'Government allows women to work in underground mines',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Union Ministry of Labour has allowed women to work in underground mines and eased restrictions that prohibited them from working night shifts (7 pm and 6 am) in surface mines or open cast mines. This move is aimed at bringing about greater gender equality and generates more employment opportunities for women in mining sector.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>New Rules</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It amends Section 46 of Mines Act, 1952 which earlier restricted women from working in mines as it was considered hazardous.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It allows owner of mine to deploy women between 7 pm and 6 am in any mine above ground.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the case of underground mines, women can be deployed between 7 pm and 6 am in supervisory, technical and managerial work where continuous presence may not be required.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Such deployments will be made after obtaining written consent of woman and shall be in a group of not less than three women in a shift.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Women will be also provided with adequate facilities and safeguards regarding occupational safety, security and health.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In addition, deployment will be subject to framing and implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) on basis of guidelines issued by Chief Inspector of Mines from time to time.</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Earlier, employment of women in opencast and underground mines was restricted under Mines Act, 1952 due to hazardous nature of work. It also restricted employment of women in opencast or above ground workings of mine during night hours between 7 pm and 6 am. There was demand from several women employees&rsquo; groups, mining industry and students enrolled with various institutions pursuing mining engineering courses at different forums, requesting government to provide women equal employment opportunity for working in mines.</span></span></p>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
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		'id' => (int) 82,
		'title' => 'NFDC to be felicitated for promotion of SC/ST entrepreneurs',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) has declared National Film Development Corporation of India (NFDC) winner under Miniratna Category (Category II) for exemplary work amongst CPSEs for promotion of SC/ST entrepreneurs</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This is part of Ministry of MSME&rsquo;s endeavour to felicitate select CPSEs to recognize their exemplary work towards promotion of SC/ST entrepreneurs. The performance parameters for such recognition are number of vendor development programmes for SC/ST, procurement from SC/ST entrepreneurs and number of SC/ST entrepreneurs benefitted as per data uploaded on Sambandh Portal.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Sambandh Portal:</strong> It was launched to monitor implementation of Public Procurement from MSMEs by Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs). It also assists MSMEs for participation process and also helps Ministries and CPSEs to assess their performance in procurement process as stipulated in Procurement Policy, 2012.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>National Film Development Corporation (NFDC)</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is central agency to encourage high quality Indian cinema. It functions under Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. It is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was incorporated in 1975 by Central Government with aim of planning and promoting an organized, efficient, and integrated development of Indian film industry.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Its primary goal is to plan, promote and organise an integrated and efficient development of the Indian Film Industry and foster excellence in cinema.</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Primary activities of NFDC </strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Film Production &ndash; 100% finance for debutant directors and co-Production with foreign and Indian film makers.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Promote Indian Films at various International film festivals and markets in India and abroad.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Organise Film Bazaar has now become one of the leading platform for promoting &amp; showcasing Indian cinema to the world.</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Objectives</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Develop talent and facilitate growth of Indian cinema in all languages through productions and co-productions, script development and need based workshops.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Promote Indian culture through cinema in India and abroad.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Build lean and flexible organisation responsive to the needs of the Indian film industry.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
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		'id' => (int) 115,
		'title' => 'Global Fund: Preparatory Meeting for 6th Replenishment held in New Delhi',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Preparatory Meeting of Global Fund&rsquo;s Sixth Replenishment was held in New Delhi. It was hosted by Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. It had brought together governments, donors, technical partners and civil society groups in demonstration of global solidarity to pursue <em>Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG-3)- &ldquo;health and well-being for all&rdquo;.</em> &nbsp;Global Fund is seeking to raise at least US $14 billion for next three years to help save 16 million lives, cut mortality rate from HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria by half and build stronger health systems by 2023.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is international financing organization that aims to attract, leverage and invest additional resources to end epidemics of <strong>HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria</strong> to support attainment of SDG established by UN.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is public-private partnership organization i.e. operates in partnership model between governments, civil society, private sector and people to accelerate end of three diseases.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is <em>world&#39;s largest financier of AIDS, TB, and malaria prevention, treatment, and care programs.</em> It was started in January 2002. It maintains its secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is financing mechanism rather than an implementing agency. Programs are implemented by in-country partners such as ministries of health, while Global Fund secretariat monitoring programs.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'metatitle' => 'Preparatory Meeting for Global Fund's 6th Replenishment',
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		'metadescription' => 'Preparatory Meeting of Global Fund’s Sixth Replenishment was held in New Delhi. It was hosted by Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare',
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
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		'id' => (int) 91,
		'title' => 'President presents Sangeet Natak Akademi Awards 2017',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">President Ram Nath Kovind presented Sangeet Natak Akademi Awards for the year 2017 at function held at Rashtrapati Bhavan. Forty-two artists (one joint awardee) from fields of Music, Dance and Theatre were awarded.&nbsp; Ten artists were awarded in the category of Traditional, Folk and Tribal Music. Two people were awarded in the field of Overall Contribution in the Performing Arts.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>2017&nbsp;Awardees</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Music: </strong>Lalith J Rao (Hindustani Vocal), Umakant Gundecha and Ramakant Gundecha (famously known as Gundecha Brothers) (Joint Award for Hindustani Vocal), Yogesh Samsi(Hindustani Instrumental- Tabla),&nbsp; Rajendra Prasanna (Hindustani Instrumental-Shehnnai/Flute), M.S.Sheela (Carnatic Vocal), Suma Sudhindra (Carnatic Instrumental &ndash; Veena), Tiruvarur Vaidyanathan (Carnatic Insrumental &ndash; Mridangam), Shashank Subramanyam (Carnatic Instrumental &ndash;Flute), Madhurani (Other Major Traditions of Music -Sugam Sangeet), Haimanti Sukla (Other Major Traditions of Music -Sugam Sangeet), Gurnam Singh (Other Major Traditions of Music &ndash; Gurbani).&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Dance</strong>: Rama Vaidyanathan (Bharatanatyam), Shobha Koser (Kathak), Madambi Subramanian (Kathakali), L.N.Oinam Ongbi Dhoni Devi (Manipuri), Deepika Reddy (Kuchipudi), Sujata Mohapatra (Odissi), Ramkrishna Talukdar (Sattriya), Janmajay Saibabu (Chhau), Aashit Desai (Music for Dance).&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Theatre:</strong>Abhiram Bhadakamkar (Playwriting), Sunil Shanbagh (Direction), Bapi Bose (Direction), Hema Singh (Acting), Deepak Tiwari (Acting), Anil Tickoo (Acting), Nuruddin Ahmed (Allied Theatre Arts-Stage Craft), Avtar Sahani (Allied Theatre Arts-Lighting), Shougrakpam Hemanta Singh (Other Major Traditions of Theatre - Shumang Leela, Manipur).</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Traditional/Folk/Tribal Music/Dance/Theatre and Puppetry:</strong> Anwar Khan Manganiyar (Folk Music, Rajasthan), Prakash Khandge (Folk Arts, Maharashtra),Rakesh Tiwari (Folk Theatre, Chhattisgarh), Ramchandra Majhi (Folk Music, Bihar), Parvathy Baul (Folk Music -Baul, West Bengal), Saravjit Kaur (Folk Music, Punjab), Jagannath Bayan (Traditional Music - Khol, Assam), K.C. Runremsangi(Folk Music, Mizoram), Mukund Nayak(Folk Music, Jharkhand), Sudip Gupta(Puppetry, West Bengal).</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Field of Overall Contribution/Scholarship in the Performing Arts: </strong>Vijay Verma and Sandhya Purecha</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Sangeet Natak Akademi Awards</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It annual award given by Sangeet Natak Akademi, India&#39;s National Academy of Music, Dance &amp; Drama (autonomous body) under Ministry of Culture.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is highest recognition given to practicing artists in India.It was established in 1952. Awardees are selected by General Council of Sangeet Natak Akademi.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The awards are given in categories of music, dance, theatre, other traditional arts and puppetry, and for contribution/scholarship in performing arts.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It carries cash prize of Rs.1,00,000/- (Rupees one lakh), a citation, angavastram (a shawl), and tamrapatra (a brass plaque).</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0.5in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p>
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		'title' => 'Himachal Pradesh’s first mega food park inaugurated in Una District',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Himachal Pradesh&rsquo;s first mega food park viz. Cremica Mega Food Park Pvt Ltd was recently inaugurated at Singhain village in Una District of state. This first mega food park in state to be operationalised under Central Government&rsquo;s Mega Food Park Scheme.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Cremica Food Park</span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It has been set up in 52.40 acre of land. Its Central Processing Centre (CPC) has facilities like multi-crop pulping line with bulk aseptic packaging (24 MT/ hour), drozen storage (1,000 MT), deep freeze, dry warehouse, Quality Control (QC) Laboratory and other food processing facilities. It will benefit people of Una district and nearby districts of Kangra, Hamirpur and Bilaspur.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Benefits of mega food park</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It creates modern infrastructure facilities for food processing along value chain from farm to market with strong forward and backward linkages through cluster based approach.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Its modern infrastructure for food processing will benefit the farmers, growers, processors and consumers of state and adjoining areas. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will give impetus to growth of food processing sector in the state and provide direct and indirect employment to 5,000 persons.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Mega Food Park Scheme </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It is implemented by Ministry of Food Processing Industries to give fillip to food processing sector by adding value and reducing food wastage at each stage of supply chain with prime focus on perishables. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It aims to create modern infrastructure facilities for food processing along value chain from farm to market with strong forward and backward linkages through cluster based approach. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It seeks to make food processing sector major contributor to doubling the farmers&#39; income and &#39;Make in India&#39; initiative of the government.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Under it, common facilities and enabling infrastructure is created at Central Processing Centre (CPCs). Besides, facilities for primary processing and storage is created near farm in form of Primary Processing Centers (PPCs) and Collection Centers (CCs). </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">For it, Central Government provides financial assistance upto Rs. 50.00 Crore per Mega Food Park project.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Projects under it are merged under &lsquo;Pradhan Mantri Kisan SAMPADA Yojana&rsquo;, a comphrehensive flagship scheme which aims to make India resilient food economy and Food Factory of the World. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'title' => 'PM lays foundation stone of greenfield airport in Arunachal Pradesh',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid foundation stone for construction of greenfield Airport at Hollongi near Itanagar, capital of Arunachal Pradesh. He also inaugurated upgraded and retrofitted Airport at Tezu in Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh. Tezu airport will connect Guwahati, Jorhat and Hollongi. </span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Greenfield airport at Hollongi </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will have various sustainability features like green belt along approach road to act as noise barrier, use of energy efficient equipment, rain water harvesting.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will provide great help to people Itanagar as at present nearest airport to Itanagar is at Lilabari in Assam at a distance of 80 km.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will reduce distance by a fourth. In addition, it will also provide better connectivity to region. It will also unravel the tourism potential of the state.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It also will boost economic growth of the region and will be of strategically important to the nation.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">7 Extra High Voltage Sub-stations, 24 Low Tension Sub-stations Project</span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Prime Minister Narendra Modi also laid foundation stone for 7 Extra High Voltage (EHV) Sub-stations and 24 Low Tension (LT) Sub-stations projects in Itanagar, capital of Arunachal Pradesh. This project is aimed at meeting objectives of affordable 24X7 power to all, especially in the remote locations. &nbsp;He also declared 100% household electrification in Arunachal Pradesh under Saubhagya Scheme. </span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">About Project</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will be implemented by Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (POWERGRID), a Navratna Company under Union Ministry of Power.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will come under &lsquo;Comprehensive Scheme for Strengthening of Transmission &amp; Distribution (T&amp;D) Systems in Arunachal Pradesh&rsquo;, a Central Sector Plan Scheme of Union Ministry of Power that was sanctioned in October 2014 at estimated cost of Rs. 3,199.45 crores.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Significance of Project</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will enhance consumers&rsquo; access to affordable grid connected power supply and boost local economy of Arunachal Pradesh.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will reduce dependency on operation of Diesel Generating Plants in Arunachal Pradesh, thus bringing socio-economic and environmental benefits to the people of the state. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will facilitate development of small scale industries, cottage industries and tourism sector in the region. It will facilitate lying of optical fiber to extend communication facility to the small villages. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will give impetus to integration of upcoming Hydro Power Generating Plants in Arunachal Pradesh with the National Grid.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'metatitle' => 'Foundation Stone of Greenfield airport in Arunachal Pradesh',
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 121,
		'title' => 'PM lays foundation of Sela Tunnel Project in Arunachal Pradesh',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid foundation stone of strategically important Sela Tunnel Project in Arunachal Pradesh. It will provide all-weather connectivity between Guwahati in Assam and Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh. Till now, entry to area was only through 13,700-feet Sela Pass, which is covered in snow in the winters making the movement of vehicles difficult.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Sela Tunnel Project</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">The tunnel gets its name from 4170 m (13,700-feet) Sela Pass which it will cut across. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will be implemented by Border Roads Organisation (BRO) in next three years (by 2022). </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will cover total distance of 12.04 kms and will consists of two tunnels of 1790 meters and 475 meters.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Significance</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will provide all weather connectivity to Tawang valley and forward areas bordering China. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will give fillip to overall development of this remote area, thus giving boost tourism and related economic activities in the region.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will reduce distance between Dirang and Tawang by 10 km and also reduce the travelling time from Tezpur to Tawang by more than an hour.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will be game changer and give much needed strategic edge to security forces and local population ahead of Sela. It will allow travellers to avoid dangerous snow covered Sela top (height of 13,700 feet).</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">The lack of motorable roads and rail connections in northeast India and Arunachal Pradesh in particular were seen as distinct disadvantages for India vis-a-vis China in the region. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Many security analysts had been warning of China building infrastructure including access roads right up to the Indian border that would give it strategic advantage in any conflict with India.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">However, in past few years Central Government is stepping up infrastructure connectivity projects in northeast with new airports and railway connections coming up in the region.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'metatitle' => 'PM lays foundation of Sela Tunnel Project in Arunachal Pradesh',
		'metakeyword' => 'PM lays foundation of Sela Tunnel Project in Arunachal Pradesh',
		'metadescription' => 'Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid foundation stone of strategically important Sela Tunnel Project in Arunachal Pradesh',
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
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		'id' => (int) 102,
		'title' => '2nd Phase of River Information System inaugurated',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The second phase of River Information System (RIS) was recently inaugurated on National Waterway-1 (River Ganga) between Farakka and Patna (with total length of 410 km). New navigation lock at Farakka was also unveiled to enable breeding of Hilsa fish. Both projects are aimed at boosting movement of cargo, fishery development in river Ganga and help to preserve the river ecosystem.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Phase II of RIS</strong>: It is deployed on 410 km Farakka-Patna stretch of NW-1. Under it, five base stations &ndash; Manihari, Bhagalpur, Munger, Barh and Hatidah and one control station have been made at Patna.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>River Information System (RIS)</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is form of vessel traffic management using next generation technology. It aims to streamline exchange of information between waterway operators and users.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It works on lines of Air Traffic Controls. It is designed to optimize traffic and transport processes in inland navigation.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Its services are combination of sensors like automated identification system, meteorological and hydrological equipment and software related services.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is nodal implementing authority of RIS project in India. It is being deployed in three phases on NW-1.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Earlier, in 2016, first phase of RIS was commissioned on 545 km Haldia- Farakka stretch of NW-1. Work on phase III is currently in progress on356 kms Patna-Varanasi stretch.</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Significance of RIS</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will enhance swift electronic data transfer between mobile vessels and base stations on shore through advance and real-time exchange of information.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will help in crises management and enhanced inland navigation safety by preventing ship-to-ship collisions, ship - bridge collisions, groundings etc.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will immensely help in optimization of navigation and minimize collision risks in the waterway thus benefitting the users greatly.</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Hilsa Passage through Farakka Navigation Lock</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is envisaged for free movement of Hilsa fish at Farakka Navigation Lock. This fish species has significant cultural importance in West Bengal and is national fish of Bangladesh.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This navigation Lock has been synchronised to suit requirements of Hilsa fish movement from Hoogly-Bhagirathi-River system to the upstream in river Ganga and vice-versa.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The time of opening gates at this kock will be based on nature and time of movement of Hilsa fish, period of migration and breeding of species etc.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This Hilsa migration will lead to increase in its production in region. It will also increase river biodiversity and boost economy of local fishermen.</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Fish way/Fish passis structure on or around artificial and natural barriers (such as dams, waterfalls and locks) to facilitate natural fish migration. It enables fish to pass around barriers by swimming into the waters on other side. After construction of Farakka Navigation Lock in 1976, movement of Hilsa fish, which once reached up to Prayagraj also, was restricted up to Farakka only.</span></span></p>
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	(int) 18 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 103,
		'title' => 'Monetary Policy: RBI cuts repo rate by 25 bps',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in its sixth and last bimonthly monetary policy review for financial year 2018-19 has <strong>cut the repo rate by 25 basis points to 6.25%</strong>. It also <em>changed stance of monetary policy to &lsquo;neutral&rsquo; from &lsquo;calibrated tightening&rsquo;</em>.<em>One basis point is equal to onehundredth of percentage</em>.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This decision was taken by RBI&rsquo;s six-member Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) headed by RBI GovernorShaktikanta Das in a 4-2 vote. It was first bimonthly monetary policy review of RBI under Shaktikanta Das after taking office in December 2018.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Policy Rates </strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Repo rate (repurchase rate): </strong>It was changed by 25 basis points to 6.25.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Reverse Repo Rate: </strong>It was unchanged at 6.00%.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Marginal Standing Facility Rate:</strong> It was unchanged at 6.50%.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Bank Rate: </strong>It was unchanged at6.50%.</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Key Terms</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Repo rate (repurchase rate)</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is rate at which RBI lends to banks for short periods against government securities. Its objective is to inject liquidity in the system. Increase in repo rate squeezes liquidity out of system and increase interest rates, which will then reduce demand for funds and reduce inflation. Similarly, when decreased, it injects liquidity in system making it cheaper for banks to borrow money. This is done by RBI by buying government securities/bonds from banks with agreement to sell them back at fixed rate.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Reverse repo </strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is rate at which banks lend funds to RBI or RBI borrows funds from other banks in short term. This is done by RBI selling government securities/ bonds to banks with commitment to buy them back at future date.</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) </strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is rate at which scheduled banks can borrow funds overnight from RBI against government securities, if later doesn&rsquo;t have the required eligible securities above SLR limit. It is very short term borrowing scheme for scheduled banks to meet.</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Bank Rate</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is rate charged by RBU for lending funds to commercial banks. It influences lending rates of commercial banks. Higher bank rate results in higher lending rates by banks. RBI can resort to raising the bank rate in order to curb liquidity and vice versa.</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It certain percentage of total deposits that commercial banks are required to maintain in form of cash reserve with central bank. RBI uses it to drain out excessive money from system. <em>This money earns no interest</em>.</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is portion of bank deposits that banks have to maintain or invest in government bonds in form of liquid assets like cash, gold and unencumbered securities, treasury bills, dated securities etc. It has to be maintained at close of business on every day. RBI does not pay any interest to banks for SLR.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
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		'title' => 'UP Government launches Sarthi Sandesh Vahini',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Uttar Pradesh Government has launched &#39;Sarthi Sandesh Vahini&#39; campaign with an aim to spread awareness regarding family planning in urban and rural areas. It is initiative of State Family Welfare Department. According to Population Census 2011, Uttar Pradesh has population of 19.98 Crores, making it most populous state in the coutry.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Sarthi Sandesh Vahini campaign</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">As part it, State Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath flagged off 33 &#39;Sarthi Sandesh Vahini&#39; vehicles. These vehicles will provide family planning information to viewers through various documentaries and films.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">They will also make people aware of infections of Japanese encephalitis and other communicable diseases. Besides, needy will be provided with medical assistance.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">State health department has appointed nodal officers to supervise campaign and ensure that several targets set by it including women and child development and education for all are being fulfilled.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'metadescription' => 'Uttar Pradesh Government has launched 'Sarthi Sandesh Vahini' campaign with an aim to spread awareness regarding family planning in urban and rural areas.',
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 130,
		'title' => 'Sanjay Subrahmanyam awarded Dan David Prize 2019',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Indian historian Sanjay Subrahmanyam was awarded prestigious Dan David Prize of Israel for year 2019 for his work on inter-cultural encounters between Asians, Europeans and people of North and South America during early modern era. He won this prestigious US $1 million prize in <em>category of &#39;&#39;Past Time Dimension&#39;&#39; for his work in macro history (past)</em>. He will share this award in this category with Professor Kenneth Pomeranz of University of Chicago.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Other category winners of Dan David Prize 2019</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Present category:</span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif"> It was awarded jointed to Reporters without Borders and Professor Michael Ignatieff for &quot;Defending Democracy&quot;. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Future dimension category: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It was awarded to Costa Rican diplomat Christina Figueres for her role in combating climate change.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Sanjay Subrahmanyam</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">He is son of strategic analyst K Subrahmanyam and brother of former foreign secretary S Jaishankar. He specialises in the early modern period.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">He is alumnus of University of Delhi and did his doctorate from Delhi School of Economics. He had started his career as economic historian but later, worked on political, intellectual and cultural history.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">He holds the Irving and Jean Stone Endowed Chair in Social Sciences at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), which he joined in 2004. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">&nbsp;He is the recipient of prestigious Infosys Prize for humanities, awarded in 2012 for his path-breaking contribution to history.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">About Dan David Prize</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It is awarded to persons/institutions who have made outstanding scientific, technological and humanistic accomplishments in fields representing past, present and future of human achievement.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It is awarded annually by Dan David Foundation, headquartered at Tel Aviv University, Israel. It carries award of US $1 million.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It was established by and named after late Dan David, philanthropist and international businessman. Every year it awarded in three categories viz. <strong>Past, Present and Future.</strong></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It winners are required to donate 10% of their prize money towards scholarships for graduate or post-graduate researchers in their respective fields to encourage and foster new generations of scholars.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Some of its previous recipients are cellist Yo-Yo Ma, Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales and filmmakers Joel, novelist Margaret Atwood, Ethan Coen, former US Vice President Al Gore, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Some of its prominent Indian laureates are music conductor Zubin Mehta, author Amitav Ghosh, renowned scientist CNR Rao and astronomy professor Shrinivas Kulkarni.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'title' => 'Swachh Shakti 2019 held in Kurukshetra, Haryana',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched Swachh Shakti 2019, a convention of Women Sarpanches in Kurukshetra, Haryana. He also awarded Swachh Shakti-2019 awards. Swachh Shakti 2019 is being organized by Union Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation in association with Haryana Governmet.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Swachh Shakti-2019 </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It is national event aimed at bringing in to focus leadership role played by rural women in Swachh Bharat Mission and also empower women.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will be attended by women Sarpanches and Panches from all over the country. This year it is expected to see participation of around 15,000 women.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will provide platform to share best practices from grass root level in the rural areas for Swachh Bharat. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It will also showcase achievements of Swachh Bharat and recently conducted Swachh Sunder Shauchalay (neat and clean toilet) - a unique and first of its kind in the world campaign.&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Swachh Shakti program </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It was launched in 2017 by Union Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation to recognise and felicitate women sarpanches, women Swachhagrahis and women champions from across country for their outstanding contribution towards making Swachh Bharat.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It aims to showcase how rural women champions at the grass root level are acting as agent of change to mobilize community and lead from front women taking initiatives for Swachh Bharat. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It is part of ongoing activities under aegis of&nbsp; Swachh Bharat Mission, launched on October 2nd, 2014, and aimed at achieving Clean and Open Defecation Free (ODF) India by 2nd October, 2019.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Its first edition was held in Gandhinagar, Gujarat on occasion of 2017 International Women&rsquo;s Day (March 8). In it 6000 women sarpanches from across the country had participated.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Second editin- Swachh Shakti-2018 was held at Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh. It had seen participation of 8000 women sarpanches, 3000 women Swachhagrahis from across the country.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'title' => 'National Conference on Unani Medicine held in New Delhi ',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">The National Conference on Unani Medicine was recently held in New Delhi. It was organized by Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), under Ministry of AYUSH as a part of 3rd Unani Day celebration (11 February). The theme of this conference was <em>&ldquo;Unani Medicine for Public Health&rdquo;</em> to highlight important role played by Unani medicine in public health especially in combating noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), lifestyle disorders and various chronic diseases by providing cost effective Unani treatment and quality products for patient healthcare.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Unani Day</span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It is observed every year on 11 February to mark birth anniversary of great Unani researcher Hakim Ajmal Khan. He was eminent Indian Unani physician, freedom fighter, educationist and founder of scientific research in Unani Medicine. This year it was 151st birth anniversary of Hakim Ajmal Khan.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Unani system of medicine </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Unani is term used for Perso-Arabic traditional medicine as practiced in Mughals in India and in Muslim dominated cultures in South Asia and modern day Central Asia. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">The term Yunani</span><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">&nbsp;in Greek means Perso-Arabic system of medicine. It had originated in Greece. <strong>Hippocrates </strong>is known as father of this system of traditional medicine.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It was introduced to India in 13th century with establishment of Delhi Sultanate. Later on it took its own course of development during Mughal empire rule with Indian context after it was influenced by Indian medical teachings of Sushruta and Charaka.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:quicksand,serif">Hellenistic origin of Unani medicine is still visible in its being based on classical four humours: phlegm (balgham), blood (dam), yellow bile (</span><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif">s</span><span style="font-family:quicksand,serif">afr</span><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif">a</span><span style="font-family:quicksand,serif">) and black bile (sauda</span><span style="font-family:quicksand,serif">). But it also has been influenced by Indian and Chinese traditional systems.</span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Like Ayurveda, it is also based on theory of presence of elements in human body. According to followers of Unani medicine, these elements are present in bodily fluids and their balance leads to health and their imbalance leads to illness.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'title' => '61st Grammy Awards 2019',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">The 61st Annual Grammy Awards were presented by Recording Academy at Staples Center in Los Angeles. It recognized best recordings, compositions, and artists of eligibility year, which ran from October 2017, to September 2018. The award ceremony was hosted by singer-songwriter Alicia Keys. </span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">In this edition of awards, Childish Gambino and Kacey Musgraves won most awards, four each in different categories. Kendrick Lamar was nominated signer this with eight nominations in different categories. Dolly Parton was honored as MusiCares Person of Year.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Note:</span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif"> 2019 Grammy&rsquo;s award record 31 women or female led bands winning awards in different categories. In 2018, only 17 of the 86 award categories were won by women or female led bands.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">2019 Grammy Awards Winners</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Album of The Year: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Golden Hour, Kacey Musgraves</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Record of The Year: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">&ldquo;This Is America,&rdquo; Childish Gambin</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Song of The Year: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">This Is America,&rdquo; Childish Gambino.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best Country Album: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Golden Hour, Kacey Musgraves.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best Rap Album: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Invasion of Privacy, Cardi B.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best Pop Solo Performance: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Joanne (Where Do You Think You&rsquo;re Goin&rsquo;?), Lady Gaga.</span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best New Artist: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Dua Lipa</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Rap/Sung Performance: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">&ldquo;This Is America,&rdquo; Childish Gambino.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best Comedy Album: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Equanimity &amp; The Bird Revelation, Dave Chappelle.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">My Way, Willie Nelson.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best Pop Duo/Group Performance: &ldquo;Shallow,&rdquo; Lady Gaga &amp; Bradley Cooper.</span></strong></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best Pop Vocal Album: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Sweetener, Ariana Grande.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best Rock Album: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">From The Fires, Greta Van Fleet.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best Rap Song: &ldquo;</span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">God&rsquo;s Plan,&rdquo; Drake<strong>.</strong></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best Rap Performance: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">King&rsquo;s Dead, Kendrick Lamar, Jay Rock, Future &amp; James Blake / Bubblin, Anderson. Paak.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best Urban Contemporary Album: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Everything Is Love, The Carters.</span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best R&amp;B Album: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">H.E.R., H.E.R.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best R&amp;B Performance: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best Part H.E.R. Featuring Daniel Caesar.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best R&amp;B Song: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">&ldquo;Boo&rsquo;d Up,&rdquo; Ella Mai<strong>.</strong></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best Dance/Electronic Album: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Woman Worldwide, Justice.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best Jazz Instrumental Album: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Emanon, The Wayne Shorter Quartet.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best Compilation Soundtrack For Visual Media: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">The Greatest Showman, Hugh Jackman (&amp; Various Artists).</span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Best Music Video:&nbsp; </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">This Is America,&rdquo; Childish Gambino.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">About Grammy Award </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It is recording industry&rsquo;s most prestigious award. It is also called as Gramophone Award.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It is awarded to artists and technical professionals outstanding achievement in mainly English-language music industry by Recording Academy at annual presentation ceremony</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Its prime motive is to recognise positive impact of lives of musicians, industry members and society at large.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Its four main categories are <em>Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Song of the Year and Best New Artist.</em></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Its first awards ceremony was held on 4 May 1959. Now its annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and presentation of awards that have more popular interest.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'metatitle' => '61st Grammy Awards 2019 | Grammy Awards',
		'metakeyword' => 'In Awards Current Affairs, The 61st Annual Grammy Awards were presented by Recording Academy at Staples Center in Los Angeles',
		'metadescription' => 'The 61st Annual Grammy Awards were presented by Recording Academy at Staples Center in Los Angeles',
		'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude',
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
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		'id' => (int) 150,
		'title' => 'India’s first mega aqua food park commissioned in Andhra Pradesh',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">India&rsquo;s first mega aqua food park- <strong>Godavari Mega Aqua Food Park</strong> was recently commissioned at Tundurru Village in Bhimavaram Mandal, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. This aqua food park is exclusively for fish and marine products processing. It has been set up under Central Government&rsquo;s Mega Food Park Scheme.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Note:</span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif"> Besides this aqua food park, Union Ministry of Food Processing Industries also had sanctioned two other mega food parks, one in Chittoor District (operational since 2012) and another one in Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Godavari Mega Aqua Food Park</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is promoted by Godavari Mega Aqua Food Park Pvt. Ltd. &nbsp;It has been set up on 57.81 acre of land at a cost of Rs. 122.60 crores.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Its Central Processing Centre (CPC) has facilities for pre-processing line for fish, pre-processing line for shrimp, freezing of fish, freezing of shrimp, cold storage for fish (2000MT).</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It also has facilities for cold storage for shrimp of 1000MT, ice plant, food testing laboratory besides state of art enabling infrastructure.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Significance</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will benefit people of Andhra Pradesh Coastal city West Godavari-District as well as nearby Districts of East Godavari, Krishna and nearby districts of Telangana.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Its modern infrastructure for food processing especially fisheries will also benefit farmers, growers, processors and consumers of Andhra Pradesh and adjoining areas immensely.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will give big boost to the growth of food processing sector in fisheries sector in Andhra Pradesh and also in other coastal states of country.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'metadescription' => 'India’s first mega aqua food park- Godavari Mega Aqua Food Park was recently commissioned at Tundurru Village in Bhimavaram Mandal, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh',
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 137,
		'title' => 'NITI Aayog to document systemic transformation in education ',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">NITI Aayog inked Statement of Intent (SOI) with Michael &amp; Susan Dell Foundation (MSDF) to codify, document and share best practices to improve learning outcomes in public school education. This will be through systemic reforms, based on collective experiences of NITI Aayog and MSDF while working with various state governments in India. It will help to improving learning outcomes with coordination and simultaneous effort with both academic and governance reforms.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Under this partnership</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">NITI Aayog and MSDF will document reforms pursued by various state governments that have initiated systemic reforms in education and have seen improved learning outcomes over the past few years. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Joint team comprising of state leaders, research agencies, consultants and educators will work together to develop &lsquo;theory of change&rsquo; based on learnings from states.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">They will document impact on ground by commissioning third party studies to evaluate impact of systemic reforms in education.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">The key findings and takeaways from this exercise will be disseminated to relevant decision-makers and policymakers in other states after consultative process through workshops and publications.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Other initiatives of NITI Aayog in Education Sector</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">School Education Quality Index (SEQI):</span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif"> It ranks states/UTs on educational outcomes, with high weightage to learning outcomes. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">Sustainable Action for Transforming Human Capital in Education (SATH-E) initiative:</span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif"> It is being implemented to induce systemic transformation in Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Odisha.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">MSDF </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It is philanthropic organisation set up in 1999 by Susan and Michael Dell by investing their proceeds of sales of shares of Dell Inc.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;quicksand&quot;,serif">It is dedicated to transforming lives of children living in urban poverty through improving their education, health and family economic stability.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'id' => (int) 162,
		'title' => 'Foundation stone laid for Subarnarekha port in Odisha',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">The foundation stone of <strong>Subarnarekha port </strong>was laid by Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik near Chaumukh at Subarnarekha river mouth in coastal Balasore district of state. The proposed port is being jointly developed by state government with help of Tata Steel on build, own, operate, share and transfer (BOOST) model.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Subarnarekha port</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is all-weather port that will be built on <em>Subarnarekha river mouth on Bay of Bengal</em>. It is expected to be built in four years with total investment of Rs. 5000 crores. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will have 12 berths. It will have initial capacity of 25 million tonnes per annum (MTPA), which will be raised to 55 MTPA in phases<strong>.</strong></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">State government will get revenue share from port operations. It has already provided 692 acres of land for the port of total required 962 acres. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">On completion it will be one of biggest port in eastern India. It will help speed up industrialisation in Odisha and contribute to State&rsquo;s economic growth. It will generate employment for 12,000 people.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">&nbsp;It will also serve industries in Odisha, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and trans-border countries like Nepal, Bangladesh and others in South East Asia.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Tata Steel will use this port for its steel plant at Jamshedpur in Jharkhand, apart from other steel plants in Odisha and West Bengal.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 156,
		'title' => 'Government launches e-AUSHADHI portal',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Union Ministry of AYUSH has launched e-AUSHADHI portal, an online licensing portal for Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathy drugs and related matters to increase transparency and accountability. e-AUSHADHI is acronym for <strong>Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy Automated Drug Help Initiative</strong>. It will help to address problems faced by practitioners, manufactures and consumers of AYUSH medicines.&nbsp; </span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">e-AUSHADHI portal</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It aims to increase transparency, improved information management facility, improved data usability and increased accountability. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will aid licensing authority, manufactures and consumers. It will also provide real time information of licensed manufactures and their products.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will also have feature of complaining cancellation of spurious drugs and shall consists of contact details of the concerned authority for specific grievances.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">The processing of application through this portal will be done in fixed timeline and status at each step of the process will be updated through SMS and e-mail status updates.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'metatitle' => 'Government launches e-AUSHADHI portal',
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 167,
		'title' => 'Sushil Chandra appointed as new Election Commissioner ',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">President Ram Nath Kovind has appointed Sushil Chandra (61) as Election Commissioner of India in pursuance of his powers under Article 324 (2) of Constitution. He is 1980 batch officer of Indian Revenue Service (Income Tax cadre). </span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Prior to this appointment, Chandra was chairman of Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT). With this he becomes <strong><em>second IRS officer</em></strong> <strong><em>to be appointed to Election Commission</em></strong> after T.S. Krishnamurthy, who went on to become CEC in 2004. </span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">With his appointment, election commission attained its full strength of three members including Chief Election Commissioner. Two members of EC are Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) Sunil Arora and Election Commissioner (EC) Ashok Lavasa. &nbsp;</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Election Commission of India</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is permanent and independent constitutional body established directly by Constitution under Article 324 to ensure fair and fair elections in the country. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is multi-member body and currently has three members including Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and two Election Commissioners appointed by President of India.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It administers elections to both houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) and state Legislative Assemblies and Councils and offices of President and Vice President in the country.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
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		'id' => (int) 166,
		'title' => 'P C Mody appointed as Chairman of CBDT',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Appointments Committee of Cabinet (ACC) has appointed senior IRS officer Pramod Chandra Mody as chairman of Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT). He will succeed Sushil Chandra, who was recently appointed Election Commissioner. He is 1982 batch Indian Revenue Service (Income Tax cadre). Prior to this appointment, he was member in CBDT. </span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT)</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is nodal policy-making body of Income Tax (IT) department functioning under Department of Revenue, Union Ministry of Finance.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is a statutory authority established under The Central Board of Revenue Act, 1963.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is supreme body in India for framing policies related to direct taxes and is also tasked to enforce direct tax laws in the country. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Composition of CBDT: </span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is headed by Chairman and can have maximum of six members.<strong> </strong></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'metatitle' => 'P C Mody appointed as Chairman of CBDT',
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		'metadescription' => 'Appointments Committee of Cabinet (ACC) has appointed senior IRS officer Pramod Chandra Mody as chairman of Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT)',
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		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 187,
		'title' => 'Early Ed Asia 2019: Asia's largest conference on Early Childhood held in Jaipur',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Asia&#39;s largest conference on Early Childhood &ldquo;Early Ed Asia 2019&rdquo; held in Jaipur, capital of Rajasthan. It was organized by Early Childhood Association (ECA) and ScooNews under patronage of Royal Family of Jaipur. It was for first time such conference of on early childhood education was held in India.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Early Ed Asia 2019</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It was aimed at sparking debates, encourage sharing of best practices and institute widely accepted procedures amongst early childhood educators.</span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It was held pink city&#39;s most revered heritage structure - The iconic City Palace. Its theme/motto was &ldquo;<em>Our Children, Our Future</em>&rdquo;.</span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It saw participation of over 600 eminent early childhood educators, policy makers, researchers and other stakeholders from India and foreign countries especially from Asia, Europe and US.</span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It provided platform for discussion of latest trends in teaching and research to provide stronger foundation to children at early ages.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Early Childhood Association (ECA)</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is initiative that aims at enrichment, networking, awareness and advocacy of childhood and everything that affects them.</span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It brings together all stakeholders in early childhood education including teachers, media, parents, experts and more on one platform.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 181,
		'title' => 'Hina Jaiswal: First woman flight Engineer of IAF',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Flight Lieutenant Hina Jaiswal became first woman flight Engineer of Indian Air Force (IAF). She achieved this feat after successfully completing six-month flight engineer course from 112 Helicopter Unit attached to Air Force Station in Yelahanka in Bengaluru, Karnataka. </span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Flight engineer</span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Flight engineer is member of aircraft&rsquo;s flight crew who monitors and operates its complex aircraft systems requiring specialised skill set. Earlier this field in IAF was restricted to men and was opened to women officers in 2018.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Key Facts</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">During course of six months of training, Hina trained shoulder to shoulder with her male counterparts.</span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Now she will be posted to helicopter squadron where she will monitor and operate IAF&rsquo;s complex aircraft in various conditions, including Siachen Glacier and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.</span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">This highlights measures by Indian armed forces in past decades to become more gender inclusive. </span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">IAF since 1993, has commissioned women in officer cadre and they have also been successfully inducted as pilots in various streams of IAF.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">About Hina Jaiswal</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">She was born in Chandigarh and was commissioned in engineering batch of IAF in January 2015. </span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">She has completed her Bachelors of Engineering degree from University Institute of Engineering and Technology (UIET) Panjab University.</span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">She has served as chief of firing team and battery commander in frontline surface to Air Missile Squadron.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 173,
		'title' => 'President presents Tagore Award for Cultural Harmony',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">President Ram Nath Kovind presented Tagore Award for Cultural Harmony to Rajkumar Singhajit Singh (doyen of Manipuri dance), Bangladesh cultural organisation Chhayanaut and renowned sculptor Ram Sutar for years 2014, 2015 and 2016 respectively. They were selected for this prestigious award by award jury headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, which also included Chief Justice of India Justice (CJI) Ranjan Gogoi, former chief election commissioner (CEC) N Gopalaswami and national vice president of BJP Vinay Sahasrabuddhe.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Tagore Award for Cultural Harmony</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is annual award instituted by Central Government in 2011 as part of commemoration of 150th Birth Anniversary of Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is given to individuals, associations, institutions or organisations for their outstanding contribution towards promoting values of cultural harmony.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It carries monetary amount of Rs. 1 crore, plaque, citation in scroll as well as exquisite traditional handicraft or handloom item. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is open to all persons regardless of nationality, race, language, caste, creed or sex. It can be divided between two persons or institutions who are considered by jury.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Its jury comprises Prime Minister, Chief Justice of India, leader of opposition in Lok Sabha or leader of single largest opposition party in House and two eminent persons. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Note:</span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif"> First Tagore award was awarded to Sitar Maestro Pt. Ravi Shankar in 2012 and second to Maestro Zubin Mehta in 2013.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 171,
		'title' => 'Chandramouli Ramanathan appointed to top UN Strategic Post',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has appointed Indian official Chandramouli Ramanathan as Controller, Assistant Secretary-General for Programme Planning, Budget and Finance in Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance Department. <strong>It is one of top most strategic post in UN. </strong>He succeeds Bettina Tucci Bartsiotas of Uruguay.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Chandramouli Ramanathan</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">He has served as Acting Controller since September 2018, concurrently with his position as Assistant Secretary-General for Enterprise Resource Planning since 2016.</span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Prior to this, he had served at UN as Deputy Controller, Director of Accounts Division, and Chief of Service in IT Services Division.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">He has nearly 40 years of executive international experience in UN in diverse organisational settings in finance and budget, management and information technology.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">He has played leading role in complex management change initiatives of UN, including implementation of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) and UN Enterprise Resource Planning solution (Umoja).</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">He also served as Assistant Auditor General, India (1993-1995) and Director of Accounts for Auditor General of India (1989-1993). He holds master&#39;s degree in economics and is cost accountant.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 180,
		'title' => 'Government liberalizes e-Visa regime to make it more tourist friendly ',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Union Government has made series of amendments in e-visa regime to liberalize it further and mak it more tourist friendly. Union Ministry of Tourism has been working very closely with Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) for easing of the Visa Regime in the country over a period of time. e-Tourist Visa was introduced in September 2014 with applicability to 46 countries and now it has expanded to 166 countries.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Important modifications </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Duration of stay of e-Tourist and e-Business Visas increased from 60 days to 1 year with multiple entries subject to stay stipulations. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Existing restriction of allowing foreigner for maximum of three times has also been removed.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Changes in e-Tourist Visa</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Continuous stay under this vis during each visit cannot exceed 90 days in case of nationals of all countries eligible for e-visa except nationals of US, UK, Canada and Japan.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">In case of nationals of US, UK, Canada and Japan, continuous stay limit during each visit is 180 days. In all cases no registration will be required.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Changes in e-Business Visa</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Continuous stay during each visit cannot exceed 180 days in case of nationals of all countries who are eligible for grant of e-visa.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">No registration is required if stay is for period of less than 180 days.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Other changes:</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">e-Visa is valid for entry through two more designated Airports (Port Blair and Bhubaneswar). It raises total number of such airports to 28.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Now there is no separate category of Destination Wedding Visa as it has been covered under normal e-Tourist visa or Tourist visa.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Foreign nationals need not convert their visa in medical visa if they fall sick during their stay in India to avail medical treatment. This will take care of sudden medical emergencies.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Visa-on-Arrival facility extended to nationals of South Korea.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">e-Visa scheme </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It electronic authorization for foreigners to travel to India for business, tourism, or medical visits. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It provides pre-authorization of visa to foreigners prior to travel to India. It covers tourist and business categories. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is implemented by foreigner&rsquo;s division of Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). It aims to improve efficiency and transparency of various services being provided to foreign nationals.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">To avail it, applicant need to submits online application. On approval applicant receives e-mail authorizing him or her to travel to India before departure.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">On arriving India, actual visa is placed inside passport of applicant at the immigration checkpoint.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'metatitle' => 'Government liberalizes e-Visa regime to make it more friendly',
		'metakeyword' => 'Government liberalizes e-Visa, Government policy on e-visa, ',
		'metadescription' => 'Union Government has made series of amendments in e-visa regime to liberalize it further and mak it more tourist friendly. ',
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	(int) 35 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 176,
		'title' => ' World Bank to provide $40 million loan for Shimla water supply and sanitation project',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Union Government has inked $40 million loan agreement with World Bank for water supply and sanitation project in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. This loan will be provided by World Bank&rsquo;s lending arm International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). It has maturity of 15.5 years and grace period of 4 years.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Key Facts</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">This project aims to provide clean and reliable drinking water to citizens of Greater Shimla area. It is expected to improve water supply and sanitation (WSS) services in and around the iconic hill city of Shimla.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is first in series of three development policy loans (DPL) to be provided by World Bank to Shimla to improve WSS infrastructure. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Besides monetary support, it will support city&rsquo;s existing program of policy and institutional reform needed to bring continuous, pressurized 24x7 water supply, efficient sewage collection and treatment for all households in the city.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Shimla area has been facing severe water shortages and water-borne epidemics in last few years. Growing urbanization, leakages, unauthorized siphoning and heavy tourist load in summer months is putting huge demand on existing water supply infrastructure and sanitation facilities in city. Moreover. 30-40% of city&rsquo;s population of around 200,000 is not covered by sewerage system, making sanitation a public health issue in the city. Himachal Pradesh Government also has developed comprehensive policy and institutional reform program to put in place systems to improve water supply and sewerage services in efficient and sustainable manner.</span></span></span></p>
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		'id' => (int) 198,
		'title' => '79th Indian History Congress to be held in Bhopal',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">79th Indian History Congress (IHC) will be held at Barkatullah University in Bhopal, capital city of Madhya Pradesh from 26 to 28 February 2019. Over 1,000 delegates including prominent historians are expected to participate in it. This will be second time Madhya Pradesh will host IHC after it was held earlier in 2011.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Note:</span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif"> 79th IHC was scheduled to held at Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra but was cancelled due to financial constraints. </span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Indian History Congress </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is the largest professional and academic body of Indian historians with over 10,000 members. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It was established in 1935 and its first session was held at Bharat Itihas Sanshodhak Mandal, Pune.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Its primary objective is to promote and encourage scientific study of Indian history.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It holds annual sessions on five sections (ancient India, medieval India, modern India, History of Countries other than India and Archaeology) and publishes their proceedings mainly comprising research papers.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
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		'id' => (int) 228,
		'title' => 'Tripura’s first mega food park inaugurated in Agartala',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Tripura&rsquo;s first mega food park viz. Sikaria Mega Food Park Pvt Ltd was recently inaugurated at Village Tulakona in state capital Agartala. It is 18th of its kind food park in the country set up under Mega Food Park Scheme implemented by Union Ministry of Food Processing Industries.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Sikaria Mega Food Park Pvt Ltd</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It has been set up by Kolkata-based Sikaria Mega Food Park Private Ltd. on 50 acres land provided by Tripura Industrial development corporation Ltd.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will provide excellent infrastructural facilities for food processing and allied industries along with the value chain from the farm market and centralised processing centres.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It has fully operationald facilities like dry warehouse and material handling of 5000 MT, Pineapple canning and Pulping line, Packing Unit, Ripening Chambers, Cold Storage with Frozen Storage, Quality Control, Research &amp; Development Centre.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will also provide direct and indirect employment to 5000 people in primary field of food processing, agriculture, agro processing and post-harvest agri infrastructure. It will benefit about 25000 farmers.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 412,
		'title' => 'Kerala’s Marayoor Jaggery receives GI tag',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">The traditional and handmade Marayoor Jaggery from Idukki district of Kerala was recently accorded Geographical Indication (GI) tag by Chennai based Geographical Indication Registry. It received this coveted tag two year after Agricultural Department of the state had applied for it. It&nbsp;will provide more windows of opportunity to traditional sugarcane farmers in Marayoor region of Kerala.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Marayoor Jaggery</span></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is produced in Marayoor town in Idukki district of Kerala. It is one of sweetest jaggeries produced in Idukki. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is dark brown in colour and high in sweetness and iron. It has less sodium content and insoluble impurities.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is made from sugarcane which is completely chemicals free (pesticides and fertilizers free). </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is prepared in traditional way in small sheds located on the sugarcane farm and not in commercial scale in modern factories or using modern equipment. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Significance of GI Tag </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will provide more windows of opportunity to traditional sugarcane farmers in Marayoo to get more market and price. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will also rejuvenate traditional way of production and ensuring safe market for Marayoor Jaggery in future.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will allow only natives of the area to produce and market Marayoor jaggery exclusively.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will help prevent fake product being sold as Marayur jaggery, especially from Tamil Nadu which has crashed prices and harmed traditional farmers. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Geographical Indication (GI)</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is name or sign used on products which corresponds to specific geographical location or origin (can be town, region or country).</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It acts as authenticity certification that product possesses certain qualities and is made according to traditional methods and enjoys certain reputation due to its geographical origin. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It plays very important role to increase realm of market for the original product. It also indirectly leads to sustainable development, boosts exports as well tourism.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 471,
		'title' => 'President inaugurates Festival of Innovation and Entrepreneurship',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">President of India Ram Nath Kovind inaugurated Festival of Innovation and Entrepreneurship (FINE) in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. On this occasion, he also presented 10th Biennial National Grassroots Innovation Awards.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Festival of Innovation and Entrepreneurship (FINE)</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is unique initiative of President of India&rsquo;s Office to recognize, respect and reward grassroots innovations and foster a supportive ecosystem. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It was launched in 2015 and was previously known as Festival of Innovation (FOIN). Since then it is organized every year to celebrate country&#39;s innovation potential, particularly.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is organised by Rashtrapati Bhavan (President&#39;s Secretariat) in association with National Innovation Foundation-India (NIFI) and Department of Science and Technology (DST).</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It aims to provide provides platform to innovators for building linkages with potential stakeholders whose support can improve their prospects in coming years for the larger social good. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It also promotes lateral learning and linkages among the innovators to enrich the ecosystem for new India. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It celebrates ideas which stem from grassroots level including citizen at the last mile and also seek to reflect power of children&rsquo;s creativity.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It provides window to creative and innovative solutions for social development through grassroots innovations, student ideas and other technologies for rural development, agriculture, health, sanitation, women and child development, medical innovation and biotechnology for grassroots level.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
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		'id' => (int) 678,
		'title' => 'India to host NuGen Mobility Summit 2019',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">India will host NuGen Mobility Summit 2019 to be organized by<strong> </strong>International Centre for Automotive Technology (ICAT) at Manesar, National Capital Region (NCR) in November 2019. It will be organized in association with SAE INDIA SAENIS, SAE International, NATRiP, DIMTS, Department of Heavy Industry, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, SIAM and ACMA.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">NuGen Mobility Summit 2019</span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">The objective of this summit is to share new ideas, learnings, global experiences, innovations and future technology trends for faster adoption, assimilation and development of advanced automotive technologies for a smarter and greener future. </span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It aims to bring together automotive OEMs, researchers, professionals, academic experts, vehicle system suppliers, quality managers, test equipment supplier, product planners, component developers, SAE members and students from all over the world.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will help in building platform for bringing together all stakeholders in the automotive industry to understand global advancements in technologies. It will see participation of more than 2500 participants and over 250 exhibitors.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Experts working with leading international scientific and research organizations and testing laboratories from various countries like US, Europe, Japan and other Asian countries will also participate and share their experiences and knowledge on development of smart and green technologies.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will demonstrate upcoming vehicle technologies like autonomous vehicles, connected mobility, electric mobility, alternate fuels, intelligent transportation system, hydrogen fuel cell, vehicle dynamics, hydrogen IC engine, advance materials and lightweighting, end of life vehicles and recycling.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">ICAT Manesar </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is division of NATRIP Implementation Society (NATIS) under Department of Heavy Industries, Ministry of Heavy Industries.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It provides services for testing, validation, design and homologation of all categories of vehicles.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It assists automotive industry in adopting cutting edge technologies in vehicle evaluation and component development to ensure reliability, durability and compliance to current and future regulations in new generation mobility solutions.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'title' => 'GRIDTECH 2019 held in New Delhi',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">The 6th International Exhibition and Conference GRIDTECH-2019 on new technologies in Transmission, Distribution, Integration, Renewable, Smart Grid and Communication was held in New Delhi. It was inaugurated by Vice President of India Venkaiah Naidu.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">GRIDTECH 2019</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It was organised by POWERGRID, with support of Union Ministry of Power and in association with Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers Association (IEEMA) and Central Board of Irrigation &amp; Power (CBIP).</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It provided common platform for exhibitors, power utilities, planners, policy makers, regulators, manufacturers, research institutions, academicians, consultants, visitors etc. </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It provided opportunity to participating &nbsp;companies to showcase their expertise in various domains of power sector and technology knowhow for their awareness and benefit of overall public sector.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">POWERGRID</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is Navaratna Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) and central transmission utility (CTU) of India. It is headquartered in Gurugram, Haryana.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is largest electric power transmission utility in India. It transmits around 50% of total power generated in India on its transmission network.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It operates 90% of inter-state and inter-regional networks. Government owns 56.91%&nbsp; of stake in it and balance 43.09% is owned by public. </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
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		'title' => 'Airtel and FICCI launches My Circle safety app for women',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">India&#39;s second largest telecom operator Bharti Airtel and FICCI Ladies Organisation (FLO) has launched My Circle safety app for women to help them in the event of any distress or panic situation. It is carrier-agnostic app that can be installed by both Airtel and non-Airtel customers.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">My Circle app </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">The app aims at building safer environment for women by levering power of technology to empower women with simple and intelligent tool that can respond in real time during an emergency situation.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It enables women to send SOS alerts to any five of their family or friends in any distress or panic situation.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">SOS alert can be launched by simply pressing SOS prompt on app. It can also be activated via voice command through Siri on apple devives with&nbsp;iOS. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It will instantly send an SOS alert along with the user&#39;s location over SMS to the five contacts selected by the user and advise them to immediately reach out/respond to the emergency situation. The app operates by estimating the accurate location of the user which their family/friends can track real time on a link that is sent as part of the alert SMS.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It is available in 13 languages including English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Marathi, Punjabi, Bangla, Urdu, Assamese, Oriya, and Gujarati.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'metatitle' => 'Airtel and FICCCI launches My Circle safety app for women',
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		'metadescription' => 'India's second largest telecom operator Bharti Airtel and FICCI Ladies Organisation (FLO) has launched My Circle safety app for women to help them in the event of any distress or panic situation',
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 817,
		'title' => 'AYUSH Ministry, CSIR inks MoU for cooperation',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Union Ministry of AYUSH and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has inked Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for cooperation in research and education in areas of traditional systems of medicine and its integration with modern science. It is aimed at bringing both Ayush Ministry and CSIR under umbrella understanding for pursuing focused Research &amp; Development efforts. </span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Under this MoU, both organizations will jointly endeavor to pursue:&nbsp; </span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">R&amp;D covering fundamental research.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">AYUSH specific diagnostic tools.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">linking microbiome, gene expression and prakriti.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">multi-ingredient herbal formulations, including their standardization.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Explore modern scientific methods for integrating with traditional Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM). </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">linking disease signatures etc. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">They will also further collaboration in preserving and protecting traditional knowledge related to Indian systems of healthcare, through existing Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) platform. They will also develop international standardized terminologies (disease-morbidity codes) in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani (ASU), database on medicinal plants, foods, etc.</span></span></span></p>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
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		'id' => (int) 1478,
		'title' => 'World Food India 2019 to be held in New Delhi',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Union Minister for Food Processing Industries Harsimrat Kaur Badal has announced that World Food India 2019 (WFI 2019) will be held from 1st to 4th November 2019 in New Delhi. WFI is gathering of all global and domestic stakeholders in Food Processing Sector with the objective of promoting food processing sector at global level.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Features of WFI 2019</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The theme or tagline of the event will be &ldquo;Forging Partnerships for Growth&rdquo;. It will be the 2nd edition of World Food India.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It will consist of several top level seminars, investment opportunities, exhibitions, high level CEO roundtables, country sessions, B2B and B2G networking etc. </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">For WFI 2019, Government is targeting to partner with at least 15 countries and participation from at least 80 countries.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">WPI 2019 will be biggest gathering of all global and domestic stakeholders in Food Processing Sector and will position India as Food Processing Destination of the World.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India had initiated World Food India (WFI) as biennial event in 2017 to promote food processing sector at global level. &nbsp;The first edition of WFI was held in 2017. </span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">WFI 2017 had received global success and created Brand India in global food map by positioning India as World Food Factory. It had seen participation of over 61 countries, ministers from several countries. Besides, more than 8,000 B2B meetings were held and MoUs worth USD 14 Billion were signed.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Food Processing:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> It is one of the six superstar sectors recognized under Union Government&rsquo;s flagship Make in India initiative. Indian has potential to transform India as a leading food processing destination of the World. However, the processing levels in India remain low at 7.7</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">%</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> behind several economies such as China, Malaysia and US. India&rsquo;s share is only of 2</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">%</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> in global exports of processed food.</span></span></span></span></p>
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		'id' => (int) 386,
		'title' => '5th volume of Dictionary of Martyrs launched',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Prime Minister Narendra Modi released fifth and last volume of &ldquo;Dictionary of Martyrs&rdquo;. This five-volume dictionary contains account of </span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">1450&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">martyrs from India&rsquo;s First War of Independence in 1857 to India&rsquo;s Independence in 1947 from&nbsp;Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Dictionary of Martyrs</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">The project was commissioned by Union Ministry of Culture in 2009 under to commemorate 150th anniversary of the first war of independence in 1857.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It has been executed by the Indian Council of Historical Research and focuses on 15,000 martyrs who sacrificed their lives from the first war of independence till 1947.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It has total five volumes and each volume covers different geographical zone. First three volumes were released between 2011 and 2014. Volume 4 and 5 were released thereafter.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It defines martyr as person who died or who was killed in action or in detention or was awarded capital punishment while participating in national movement for emancipation of India.</span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">It has information of about 13,500 martyrs has been recorded in these volumes. It includes martyrs of 1857 Uprising, Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919), Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22), Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34), Quit India Movement (1942-44), Revolutionary Movements (1915-34), Kissan Movements, Tribal Movements, Agitation for Responsible Government in Princely States (Prajamandal), Indian National Army (INA, 1943-45), Royal Indian Navy Upsurge (RIN, 1946), etc. </span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">Significance:</span></strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif"> This dictionary is&nbsp;first attempt undertaken by Government at compiling names of martyrs on this scale. It&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,serif">is effort of government is to nurture and recall brave deeds of heroes of our freedom struggle. It seeks to have positive influence on future generations and inspire them to think of &lsquo;India First&rsquo;.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'id' => (int) 1729,
		'title' => 'Broadband Readiness Index:  DoT, ICRIER inks MoU',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Department of Telecom (DoT), Ministry of Communications and Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) signed MoU to develop Broadband Readiness Index (BRI). The new index will assess digital readiness both on demand and supply parameters of States/UTs and rank them accordingly. This will help to spur competitiveness among them and create new opportunities in wireless infrastructure space. The first BRI estimate will be made in 2019 and subsequently every year until 2022. It is in pursuance of of National Digital Communication Policy (NDCP) 2018, which had recommended developing BRI for States/ UTs to attract investments and address Right of Way (RoW) challenges across India.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">About Broadband Readiness Index (BRI)</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Objective:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> It will appraise the condition of the underlying digital infrastructure and related factors at the State/UT level. </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It consists of two parts:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> (i) <strong>Part I: </strong>It will focus on infrastructure development based on the measurement of 9 parameters (mentioned below). (ii) <strong>Part II</strong>: It will consists of demand side parameters such as percentage of households using computers with internet connection, internet users as a percentage of the population, smart phones density etc. </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Stakeholders involved in development of BRI:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> State governments and industry associations like Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI), Tower and Infrastructure Providers Association (TAIPA) and Internet Service Providers Association of India (ISPAI).</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Proposed 9 BRI Indicators (Part I): </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">(i)<strong> </strong>Availability of State Policy on RoW and Towers (based on DoT RoW Rules 2016. (ii) Percentage of ROW cases given permission within 60 days of the first application. (iii) Availability of centralized IT Portal for ROW clearances across all Government land and building owning authorities. (iv) Adoption of National Building Code 2016 by State (v) Percentage of mobile towers connected with fibre. (vi) Number. of fibre kms per sq. KM/ per capita/ per 100 households. (vii) Percentage of public institutions/offices connected by FTTX (Hospitals including PHCs, Police stations, Schools and CSCs). (viii) Percentage of towers receiving grid supply (Duration: Urban 20 hours; Rural 12 Hours) and (ix) <strong><em>NagarNet</em></strong> (Number of Public Wi-Fi Hotspots in urban areas) and <strong>JanWiFi (</strong>Number of Public Wi-Fi Hotspots in rural area).</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Significance of BRI</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It will provide useful insights into strategic choices made by States for investment allocations in ICT programmes. In the spirit of competitive federalism, it will encourage States/UTs to cross learn and jointly participate in achieving overall objective of digital inclusion and development in India. </span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It will evaluate state&rsquo;s relative development and also allow for better understanding of state&rsquo;s strengths and weaknesses that can feed into evidence-based policy making. The methodology developed as a part of it will be adapted and used on annual basis for systematic evaluation of state-performance on metrics set out as goals for 2022 under new policy. </span></span></span></span></p>
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		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
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		'title' => '5th Dharma-Dhamma conference held in Rajgir, Bihar',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">5th International Dharma-Dhamma conference was&nbsp;held at International Convention Centre in Rajgir, Bihar from 27 to 28 July 2019.&nbsp; It was inaugurated Union Minister of State Kiren Rijiju who was also its Chief Guest. It was hosted in Rajgir for second time, which also had hosted previous fourth edition of conference.&nbsp; Dharma-Dhamma conference being hosted by India benefit international community as well and also act as platform for Hindu and Buddhist thinkers to express their views.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">About 5th International Dharma-Dhamma conference </span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Objective:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> To address people about terror, violence and global warming prevalent in world. &nbsp;It was also aimed to addresses subjects of Sat-Chit-Ananda and Nirvana Dharma-Dhamma Tradition which are pivotal topics of Buddhism. </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Organised by:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> Nalanda University (NU) in collaboration with New Delhi&rsquo;s Centre for Study of Religion and Society-India Foundation (CSRS-IF). </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Guest of Honour:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> Gamini Jaiwickrama Perera (Sri Lanka&rsquo;s Home Minister), Lyonpo Sherub Gyeltshen (Bhutan&rsquo;s Home and Culture Minister) and Awadheshananda Giri Ji Maharaj (Acharya Mahamandaleshwar of Juna Akhara).</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Participants:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> It had seen participation of around 250 scholars and delegates from over 15 countries are participating in Conference. </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
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		'id' => (int) 1791,
		'title' => 'Goa to launch solar powered water taxis',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Goa Government is planning to introduce &#39;water taxis&#39; (i.e. fast solar energy-operated hybrid ferry boats)&nbsp;in its inland waterways between Panaji and Old Goa. This announcement was made while tabling the performance budget of the River Navigation department (RND) for the financial year 2019-2020.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Key Facts</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Goa&rsquo;s RND has a fleet of 34 ferry boats which cater to different inland routes, connecting islands to the mainstream areas. It is also planning to upgrade existing ferry ramps and jetties and provide better facilities on all the ferry routes. Techno-feasibility study of these facilities has been completed and actual construction (of jetties) will start later this year. Sagarmala project of Central government also has funded reconstruction of nine jetties in Goa.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Sagarmala Programme </span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It is the flagship programme of the Ministry of Shipping to promote port-led development in the country by exploiting India&#39;s 7,500 km long coastline, 14,500 km of potentially navigable waterways and its strategic location on key international maritime trade routes.</span></span></span></span></p>
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		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 1806,
		'title' => '17 Iconic Tourist Sites to be developed into world class tourist destinations',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in her Budget speech (2019) had announced that <strong>17 Iconic Tourist Sites </strong>in the country will be developed by Government into world class tourist destinations to serve as model for other sites to boost tourism potential.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">About Iconic Tourist Sites Initiative</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Objective:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> To develop these 17 monumnets (sites) into world class tourist destinations, to serve as a model for other tourism sites. It also aims at enhancing India&rsquo;s soft power.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">17 Sites:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> Taj Mahal and Fatehpur Sikri (Uttar Pradesh), Humayun&rsquo;s Tomb, Red Fort and Qutub Minar (Delhi), Colva (Goa), Ajanta &amp; Ellora (Maharashtra), Amer Fort (Rajasthan), Somnath and Dholavira (Gujarat), Khajuraho (Madhya Pradesh), Hampi (Karnataka), Mahabalipuram (Tamil Nadu), Kaziranga (Assam), Kumarakom (Kerala) and the Mahabodhi Temple (Bihar).</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Implementation Strategy:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> It involves overall development of these from tourism point of view in and around these sites &mdash; which includes roads and infrastructure, hotels and lodges, connectivity and access. The development works will be undertaken as per international standards. The interventions in and around these monuments will have elements of universal accessibility, green technology, and enhanced security for tourists.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Implementing Agencies:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Quicksand&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> Union Ministry of Tourism will be the nodal implementing agency. Besides it will also involve several other ministries, from Railways to Civil Aviation.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'id' => (int) 1825,
		'title' => 'Indus Valley seals carried meaning like modern coins do, shows study',
		'description' => '<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Context:</strong> A majority of the Indus Valley inscriptions were <strong>written logographically </strong>(by using word signs) and not by using phonograms (speech sounds units), <strong>claims a recent research paper published in Palgrave Communications, a Nature group journal.</strong></span></span></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>About the research: </strong>The paper, titled &quot;<strong>Interrogating Indus inscription to unravel their mechanism of meaning conveyance&quot;</strong>, points out that <strong>the inscriptions can be compared to the structured messages found on stamps, coupons, tokens and currency coins of modern times.</strong></span></span></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Epigraphic analysis:</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Discovered from nearly 4,000 ancient inscribed objects, including seals, tablets, ivory rods, pottery shards, etc., the <strong>Indus inscriptions are one of the most enigmatic legacies of the </strong>Indus Valley civilisation which <strong>have not been deciphered due to the absence of bilingual texts, extreme brevity of the inscriptions, and ignorance about the language(s)</strong> encoded by the Indus script.</span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&ldquo;This article mainly focuses on understanding <strong>how Indus inscriptions conveyed meanings, rather than on deciphering what they conveyed,&rdquo; </strong>Bahata Ansumali Mukhopadhyay, the author of the paper said.</span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">For the study, Ms. Mukhopadhyay has <strong>used the digitised corpus of Indus inscriptions compiled by well-known epigraphist and Indus scholar Iravatham Mahadevan. </strong>She studied it using <strong>computational analyses and various interdisciplinary measures.</strong></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Ancient tokens</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the publication that runs into 37 pages, Ms. Mukhopadhyay <strong>classifies the signs into nine functional classes.</strong> Based on archaeological evidence, she says, &ldquo;The <strong>inscribed seals and tablets were used in some administrative operation that controlled the commercial transactions prevalent in the trade-savvy settlements of the ancient Indus Valley civilisation. </strong>These inscriptions can be compared to the messages found on stamps, coupons, tokens and currency coins of modern times, where we expect formulaic texts that encode certain type of information in some pre-defined ways, rather than freely composed narrative.&rdquo;</span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>A common perception among some scholars is that the Indus script is logo-syllabic,</strong> where <strong>one symbol can be used as a word sign at one time and as a syllable sign at another</strong>. </span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The researcher said that <strong>the popular hypothesis that the seals were inscribed with Proto-Dravidian or Proto-Indo-European names of the seal-owners does not hold water. </strong>It is not that no other Indus scholar has proposed the logographic theory before. Mr. Mahadevan himself tried to read these inscriptions logographically for decades, just that the logographic theory was not articulated well enough. <strong>Ms. Mukhopadhyay said her current work could serve as a basis in future for the deciphering of the script.</strong></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 1847,
		'title' => 'Oral History Project sees fresh push from Delhi govt',
		'description' => '<p><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Context: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Delhi government <strong>launched the &lsquo;Oral History Programme&rsquo; </strong>at the India International Centre on Monday (5/08/2019) . <strong>An MoU </strong>(Memorandum of Understanding) was signed between <strong>Delhi Archives department and the Ambedkar University (AUD).</strong></span></span></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background:</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was in the <strong>&lsquo;80s that the Delhi Archives department first began an oral history project</strong> by interviewing 56 personalities about the city, its history and changing nature. </span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">From politician <strong>Gulzari Lal Nanda</strong>, who served as the acting Prime Minister twice in the &lsquo;60s, to <strong>Sushila Naya</strong>r, a close aide of Mahatma Gandhi&nbsp; <strong>the interviews, stored in audio cassettes, detail their memories of Delhi.</strong></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">However, <strong>this project was stopped due to lack of resources and manpower.</strong></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Now, <strong>the Delhi govt, is trying to revive the project </strong>and they are planning to <strong>add 100 more interviews.</strong></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Significance:</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Unlike &ldquo;written history,&rdquo; <strong>oral history empowers the voiceless. </strong></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&ldquo;<strong>An illiterate person cannot write down what s/he knows but s/he can tell that story and that needs to be recorded.&rdquo;</strong></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 1978,
		'title' => 'One Nation One Ration Card',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Issue</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">The government has launched a pilot project for the inter-state portability of ration cards between Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, and between Maharashtra and Gujarat. This is part of &lsquo;One Nation, One Ration Card&rsquo; scheme.</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">A ration card is issued to the head of the family, based on the number of members in a family and the financial status of the applicant.</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;It is used by households to get essential food grains at subsidized prices from designated ration shops (also called fair price shops) under the <strong>Targeted Public Distribution System</strong> (TPDS)</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Details</span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">Ration cards are issued by state governments, which implied that beneficiaries could procure food grains only from the designated ration shops within the concerned state.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;If a beneficiary needs to shift to another state, he/she will have to apply for a new ration card in the second state.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">The new scheme tries to address this problem and make ration procurement process easy for beneficiaries.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Importance</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">There are many complications in current scheme. For instance, after marriage, a woman needs to get her name removed from the ration card issued to her parents, and get it added to the ration card issued to her husband&rsquo;s family. </span></span></span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">This can be avoided under the new scheme. The scheme has been launched keeping in mind the internal migration of our country, since people keep moving to different states in search of better job opportunities and higher standards of living.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">The ONORC scheme being implemented in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, the beneficiary can buy food grains from ration shops located in either of the states. The same is the case with Maharashtra and Gujarat.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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	(int) 53 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 2041,
		'title' => 'National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM), Conferred the Prestigious SKOCH Governance Gold Award',
		'description' => '<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Context: </strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM), in a function held at the Constitution Club of India, on 29/08/2019.</span></span></span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">For what?</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="list-style-type:none">&nbsp;</li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">The award was conferred<strong> </strong>for its Portal for Affordable Credit and Interest Subvention Access (PAiSA).</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">Ministry:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="list-style-type:none">&nbsp;</li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The scheme is under <span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>

<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">About Portal for Affordable Credit and Interest Subvention Access (PAiSA): </span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li style="list-style-type:none">&nbsp;</li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">It was <strong>launched in Nov, 2018.</strong></span></span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">It is a <strong>centralized IT platform which simplifies and streamlines release of interest subvention under the Mission.</strong></span></span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;It offers <strong>end to end online solution</strong> for processing, payment, monitoring and tracking of interest subvention claims from banks on a monthly basis.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">Claims for subvention are uploaded by banks through their CBS</span></span></strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"> (Core Banking Solution) in respect of the beneficiaries of the Self Employment Programme, which are verified and approved by the ULB and State concerned.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">The <strong>approved claim amount gets credited directly to the beneficiary&rsquo;s loan account</strong> through DBT mode.</span></span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">SMS is also sent to the beneficiary&rsquo;s mobile number</span></span></strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black"> intimating the credit of subvention amount. </span></span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">The portal has <strong>been designed and developed through the Allahabad Bank. </strong></span></span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">As of now, <strong>28 States/UTs and 74 Banks including 21 Public Sector, 18 Private and 35 Regional Rural Banks have been on boarded on the portal. </strong></span></span></span></span></li>
	<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">Till now <strong>approximately 1.50 lakh beneficiaries have been paid Rs. 27 Cr (approx.) as interest subvention through PAiSA.</strong></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 2131,
		'title' => 'Ration card portability',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">The Centre is in the process of expanding PDS benefits nationally called the &lsquo;One Nation One Ration Card&rsquo; scheme. It is scheduled to come into full effect by June 2020.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">India runs the world&rsquo;s largest&nbsp;food&nbsp;security programme, distributing more than 600 lakh tonnes of subsidised food grain to more than 81 crore beneficiaries every year. This is done through a vast network of more than five lakh ration or fair price shops.&nbsp;</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Under the new scheme, the ration card holder can buy subsidised grain at any fair price shop in the country regardless of his origin state.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">This current PDS has been a location-linked benefit, leaving crores of migrant workers and families out of the food safety net.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;Each household&rsquo;s ration card is linked to a specific fair price shop and can only be used to buy rations in that particular shop.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Over last few years, 10 States (partially in one) have implemented the Integrated Management of Public Distribution System, which allows beneficiaries to buy rations from any fair price shop within that State.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">The steps taken by centre is an extension of this Integrated Management of PDS.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><strong>Benefits</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">The main beneficiaries of the scheme are the country&rsquo;s migrant workers. Registering for ration cards at their new location is difficult process, especially if some members of the household still remain in their original home. This scheme removes need for ration card portability.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Women who change locations after marriage also find it difficult to start accessing ration benefits using a new household&rsquo;s card.This scheme works for their benefits.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Allowing ration card portability will also curb corruption and improve access and service quality by removing monopolies.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Under the new system, if they are denied service or face corruption or poor quality in one shop, they are free to head to a different shop.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><strong>Drawbacks of Digital PDS</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">There have been widespread complaints of denial of food due to system failures.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Aadhaar seeding is also important as the unique biometric ID will be used to authenticate and track the usage of ration by beneficiaries anywhere in the country. Failure in seeding can lead to loss of benefits.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">There are no data available on short term migration. This can create shortages or excesses if migrant population changes quickly.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>
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		'metatitle' => 'Ration card portability',
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		'metadescription' => 'The Centre is in the process of expanding PDS benefits nationally called the ‘One Nation One Ration Card’ scheme. It is scheduled to come into full effect by June 2020.',
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	(int) 55 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 2241,
		'title' => 'Government to link MGNREGA wages to inflation',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Centre plans to inject more money into the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) scheme by linking wages under the Act to an updated inflation index, which will be revised annually.&nbsp;</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government has observed a slump in rural demand and a slowdown in the rural economy.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Droughts and floods in several states have led to an increased demand for work in the early part of the year and the economic slowdown could spur demand after planting season is over.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The national average wage of an MGNREGA worker is ?178.44 per day, less than half of the ?375 per day minimum wage recommended by a Labour Ministry.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The consumption basket of CPI-AL ,which determines MGNREGA wage revisions has not been updated for more than three decades, and rural consumption patterns have changed drastically.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government is planning to update the indices annually. MGNREGA wages will be linked to higher index in a particular State.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Estimation of the increased wages based on updated inflation indices may result in 10% higher government expenditure on the scheme.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Implications</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">If transferring expenditure via MGNREGA is done, rural wages could increase and that could percolate down into more purchasing power in the hands of the consumer<span style="font-size:13.5pt"><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="color:#282828">.</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 2282,
		'title' => 'Government cuts corporate taxes',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp;The government issued an ordinance to reduce the corporate tax rate for domestic firms and new manufacturing units by 10 to 12 percentage points.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The corporate tax cut is part of a series of steps taken by the government to tackle the slowdown in economic growth, which has dropped for five consecutive quarters to 5% in the June quarter.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The effective tax rate for domestic corporates, inclusive of surcharges, will fall from 34.94% to 25.17% if they stop availing any other tax sops.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">For new manufacturing firms set up after October 1, 2019 and commencing operations by March 31, 2023, the effective tax rate will fall from 29.1% to 17%.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Reason for Tax Cuts</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Many investors were scared by the additional taxes on them that were announced by the government during the budget in July and began pulling money out of the country.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government hopes that the new, lower tax rates will attract more investments into the country and help revive the domestic manufacturing sector which has seen lackluster growth.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Effects</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Tax cuts puts more money in the hands of the private sector and can offer people more incentive to produce and contribute to the economy.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The present cut in taxes can make India more competitive on the global stage by making Indian corporate tax rates comparable to that of rates in East Asia.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The tax cut, however, is expected to cause a yearly revenue loss of ?1.45 lakh crore to the government which is struggling to meet its fiscal deficit target.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 2406,
		'title' => 'Inter state portability ration card',
		'description' => '<p><strong>Issue</strong></p>

<p>The Centre has launched an inter-state portability&nbsp;ration card&nbsp;in&nbsp;Rajasthan&nbsp;and&nbsp;Haryana&nbsp;in a bid to implement its &lsquo;One Nation, One Ration Card&rsquo; scheme.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Background</strong></p>

<p>This will enable beneficiaries from either of the States&rsquo; cluster to avail the benefits accruing to them under the National Food Security Act from any of the two States.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Details</strong></p>

<p>At present 11 States/Union Territories, including Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Telangana and Tripura, have implemented the intra-State portability of ration card holders to lift the entitled foodgrains from any Fair Price Shops (FPSs) within their State.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>One Nation One Ration card (ONORC)</strong></p>

<p>It is a scheme under Ministry of Consumer affairs, &nbsp;that enables nation-wide portability of ration card holders to receive subsidized foodgrains under NFSA from anywhere in the country.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Benefits</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p>This initiative shall be very helpful for the large migratory population of the country who migrate from one part of the country to other in search of job/employment, marriage, or any other reason and find difficulty in accessing subsidized foodgrains in the present system.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>The migrant member can pick up grains at his location while the family staying back in rural areas pick their share there.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>ONORC will give the beneficiaries the opportunity to opt for the dealer of their choice. If any dealer misbehaves or mis-allocates, the beneficiary can switch to another FPS shop instantly.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Digitalisation would make the system more beneficial and self-correcting.</p>
	</li>
</ul>
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	(int) 58 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'tag' => 'miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 2747,
		'title' => 'Seaweed shows anti-retrovial activity',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A team from Chennai has extracted sulphated polysaccharide known as<strong> fucoidan</strong> from two seaweed species which have shown anti-retrovial properties that help in containing HIV-1 strain.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The medicinal properties of compounds extracted from seaweed have been used for medicinal purposes since long time. These compounds, as a class called sulphated polysaccharides, have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Two species of marine brown algae, also known as macroalgae (seaweed),&nbsp;<em>Dictiyota bartaysiana&nbsp;</em>and&nbsp;<em>Turbinaria decurrence&nbsp;</em>were chosen by the team for extraction of the bioactive compound.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The team research shows that,&nbsp;<em>in vitro,</em>&nbsp;this compound inhibits the functioning of the HIV-1 strain of the human immunodeficiency virus to a degree that is comparable to the drug tenofovir that is presently in vogue for antiretroviral action.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">HIV comes in two strains, HIV-1 and HIV-2, and of these the former strain is more widespread and this is the strain that the group studied. The proliferation of HIV in cells is related to the expression of a protein called gagP24.&nbsp;</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The bioactive compound extracted from the seaweed and purified was used to treat cell lines&nbsp;<em>(in vitro)</em>&nbsp;and these were compared with two types of control cells. One set of controls were not treated with any chemical, and the second set was treated with tenofovir. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The HIV cell lines treated with fucoidan did show a high percentage of inhibition (close to 90%) of the expression of the protein as compared with untreated controls. The drug tenofovir had a high degree of inhibition effect also.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Sea weeds</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Seaweed, or&nbsp;macroalgae, refers to several species of&nbsp;macroscopic,&nbsp;multicellular,&nbsp;marine&nbsp;algae. The term includes some types of&nbsp;Rhodophyta&nbsp;(red),&nbsp;Phaeophyta&nbsp;(brown) and&nbsp;Chlorophyta&nbsp;(green) macroalgae.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Uses of seaweeds</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Fertilizers and soil conditioners</strong></span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Seaweeds contain many properties that help in increasing soil quality and benefits agriculture.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Animal feed</strong></span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Nutrient property of seaweeds allow them to be used as feed for animals especially horses and cattle.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Biomass for fuel</strong></span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">There are techniques for turning seaweeds into bio-fuel.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Cosmetics</strong></span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Skin care industry has many applications of seaweeds in manufacturing cosmetics.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Human consumption</strong></span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is well known that seaweeds are regularly consumed in countries like Japan and some other countries. They are considered as superfoods.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Waste water treatment</strong></span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Seaweeds have unique property of seperating toxic elements from water. They are very good bio-remediators.</span></span></p>
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		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 2974,
		'title' => 'One Nation One Ration Card',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Union Minister for Consumer affairs, Ram Vilas Paswan has said that the One Nation one Ration Card scheme will come into effect from June 2020.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The central and state governments coordinate this complex public distribution system. While the Centre allocates and transports the foodgrain from Food Corporation of India godowns to the ration shops, the onus of ensuring that right beneficiaries get the subsidised foodgrain falls on the states and Union territories</span></span><br />
&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Under the initiative, eligible beneficiaries would be able to avail their entitled food grains under the National Food Security Act from any Fair Price Shop (FPS) in the country using the same ration card.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This would be made available after biometric/Aadhaar authentication on ePoS (electronic Point of Sale) devices.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This system would largely benefit the numerous migrant beneficiaries such as labourers, daily wagers, blue-collar workers etc. who frequently change their place of dwelling in search of employment or for other reasons across the country.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">One Nation One Ration Card would offer public distribution system benefits from any of the ration shops with the help of a single digital card linked to the beneficiary&rsquo;s Aadhaar.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Challenges</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">All fair price shops would need ePoS devices for seamless biometric authentication. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Getting the current location of the migrant worker to avoid duplication.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The other challenge is ending duplication of ration cards, whereby a beneficiary is denied foodgrain since someone else took away the quota using a fake card.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government will have to make fresh estimates for foodgrain required to meet the demand due to seasonal migration and fluctuation in demand based on movement of labourers.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Way Ahead</strong></span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">There is no logic in giving foodgrain under PDS to food-surplus and infrastructurallybetter-off states such as Punjab and Haryana. It is time the government shifts to direct benefit transfer in such regions.</span></span><br />
&nbsp;</p>
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		'metadescription' => 'Union Minister for Consumer affairs, Ram Vilas Paswan has said that the One Nation one Ration Card scheme will come into effect from June 2020.',
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		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 3187,
		'title' => 'Atal Bhujal Scheme ',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">On the Birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi launched Atal Bhujal Yojana (ATAL JAL) for managing groundwater resources through community participation.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Groundwater&nbsp;storage offers many opportunities to increase storage and enhance the general water supply. The value of&nbsp;groundwater&nbsp;will increase as scarcity intensifies and effective&nbsp;groundwater management&nbsp;will be required if&nbsp;groundwater&nbsp;values are to be reaped.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Atal Bhujal Yojana is a Central Sector Scheme under <strong>Jalshakti Ministry</strong>, with a total outlay of Rs.6000 crore to be implemented over a period of 5 years</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It aims to improve ground water management through community participation in identified priority areas in seven States, viz. Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Implementation of the scheme is expected to benefit nearly 8350 Gram Panchayats in 78 districts in these States.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The scheme will promote panchayat led ground water management and behavioural change with primary focus on demand side management.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Out of the total outlay of Rs. 6000 crore, 50% shall be in the form of World Bank loan, and be repaid by the Central Government.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The remaining 50% shall be through Central Assistance from regular budgetary support.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Community led water shed management</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Aspects:</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Participation</strong></span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The communities of the selected catchment area need to be involved in all stages of the watershed development process, i.e. planning, implementation, and management.</span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Gender sensitive</strong></span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Women are the main sufferers if water management is uncoordinated, since they have to gather the water for household use. They are the key to ensuring the practicality and sustainability of the process.</span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Realistic, integrated, productive, and manageable&nbsp;</strong></span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Watershed development planning should be realistic and build on local capacity and locally available resources. Integrated management of the local natural resources and optimal use of social resources are essential parts of watershed development.</span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Cost sharing</strong></span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Cost-sharing by stakeholders contributes to the sustainability of a project. Also other forms of local contributions are possible, such as labour and local materials.</span></span></p>
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		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'Miscellaneous',
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		'title' => 'Earliest Sanskrit inscription of south India found in Andhra Pradesh',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Epigraphy Branch of the Archaeological Survey of India has discovered the earliest epigraphic evidence so far for the Saptamatrika cult. It is also the earliest Sanskrit inscription to have been discovered in South India as on date.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The inscription was discovered in Chebrolu village in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. There are references of Saptamatrika worship in the early Kadamba copper plates and the early Chalukyas and Eastern Chalukya copper plates. But the new discovery predates them by almost 200 years.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Saptamatrikas are a group of seven female deities worshipped in Hinduism as personifying the energy of their respective consorts. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The inscription is in Sanskrit and in Brahmi characters and was issued by Satavahana king Vijaya in 207 A.D.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The verification of all the available records proved that the Chebrolu inscription of Satavahana king Vijaya issued in his 5th regnal year, 207 A.D. is also the earliest datable Sanskrit inscription from South India so far.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">So far the Nagarjunakonda inscription of Ikshavaku king Ehavala Chantamula issued in his 11th regnal year corresponding to the 4th century A.D. was considered the earliest Sanskrit inscription in South India.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Satavahana dynasty</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Satavahanas, also referred to as the Andhras in the Puranas, were an ancient Indian dynasty based in the Deccan region.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Satavahanas were early issuers of Indian state&nbsp;coinage&nbsp;struck with images of their rulers. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">They formed a cultural bridge and played a vital role in trade and the transfer of ideas and culture to and from the&nbsp;Indo-Gangetic Plain&nbsp;to the&nbsp;southern tip of India. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">They supported&nbsp;Brahmanism&nbsp;as well as&nbsp;Buddhism, and patronised&nbsp;Prakrit&nbsp;literature.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Administration</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Rajan, the hereditary rulers</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Rajas, petty princes who struck coins in their own names</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Maharathis, hereditary lords who could grant villages in their own names and maintained matrimonial relations with the ruling family</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Mahabhojas</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Mahasenapati (civil administrator under Pulumavi II; governor of a&nbsp;janapada&nbsp;under Pulumavi IV)</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Mahatalavara (&quot;great watchman&quot;)</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The royal princes (kumaras) were appointed as viceroys of the provinces. </span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The&nbsp;ahara&nbsp;appears to have been the largest geographical subdivision of the Satavahana polity. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The inscriptions of Gautamiputra Satakarni suggest the existence of a bureaucratic structure. The Satavahana-era inscriptions mention three types of settlements namely &nbsp;nagara&nbsp;(city),&nbsp;nigama&nbsp;(market town) and&nbsp;gama&nbsp;(village).</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Cultural contributions</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Satavahanas patronised the&nbsp;Prakrit&nbsp;language instead of&nbsp;Sanskrit.&nbsp;The Satavahana king&nbsp;H?la&nbsp;is famous for compiling the collection of&nbsp;Maharashtri&nbsp;poems known as the&nbsp;Gaha Sattasai.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The sculptures of the&nbsp;Amaravati Stupa&nbsp;represent the architectural development of the Satavahana periods.&nbsp;The most famous of these monuments are the stupas, the most famous among them being the Amravati Stupa and the&nbsp;Nagarjunakonda&nbsp;Stupa.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Caves IX and X, containing Ajanta paintings, were patronised by Satavahana, and the painting throughout the caves appear to have started with them.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 3211,
		'title' => 'MGNREGA trends show fewer jobs this year',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Jobs generated under the&nbsp;Mahatma Gandhi&nbsp;National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) have shown a dip compared to last year after July.&nbsp;</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">MGNREGA is supposed to guarantee 100 days of total employment to adult members of any rural household that demands such employment.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The current year has witnessed a clear dip in the person-days of employment under MGNREGA, which is visible after July.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The fall in MGNREGA employment after July has been largely due to the onset of the southwest monsoon. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Rainfall during the monsoon season (June-September) this year was 10% above the historical long-term average,&nbsp; whereas it was 9.4% below average in 2018. An above-normal monsoon meant there was lower demand for MGNREGA work.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Data also shows that gap between the number of households demanding MGNREGA work and the number who were provided work has been the highest in 2019-20. This indicates that even if demand fell, supply of work fell even more.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is not MGNREGA alone that is witnessing a deceleration of activity this fiscal. The same goes for the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN), the government&rsquo;s farm income support scheme.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The total amount disbursed under the income support scheme in the year 2019-20 is Rs 32,320.86 crore, which is significantly short of the Rs 75,000 crore budgeted for it.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The number of rural houses built under PM Awas Yojana-Gramin has also seen a sharp drop so far in 2019-20. </span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>MGNREGA</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">MGNREGA is an employment guarantee scheme which aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>PM- Awas Yojana</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana is an initiative by Government of India in which affordable housing will be provided to the urban poor with a target of building 20 million affordable houses by 31 March 2022.</span></span></p>
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		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 3490,
		'title' => 'Indian National Army',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Web series &lsquo;The Forgotten Army: Azadi Ke Liye&rsquo; started streaming on Amazon Prime, which is based on the stories of the men and women who fought in Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose&rsquo;s Indian National Army (INA).</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The INA was formed in <strong>Singapore</strong> in <strong>1942</strong> under the leadership of Subhas Chandra Bose. At the behest of their Japanese captors, over 20,000 Indian prisoners of war came together to form this army with the aim of freeing India from British colonial rule.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">After the fall of Singapore, on February 17, 1942, over 45,000 Indian prisoners of war were handed over by the British to the Japanese forces.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Japanese pledged their support for India&rsquo;s independence, following which, <strong>Mohan Singh</strong> who was a captain in the 1/14th Punjab Regiment in the British Army, called upon Indians to form an army to free India. Hence the INA was formed.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>The INA trials</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The&nbsp;Indian National Army trials&nbsp;(INA trials), which are also called the&nbsp;Red Fort trials, were the&nbsp;British Indian&nbsp;trial by&nbsp;courts-martial&nbsp;of a number of officers of the&nbsp;Indian National Army&nbsp;(INA) between November 1945 and May 1946, for charges variously for&nbsp;treason,&nbsp;torture,&nbsp;murder&nbsp;and abetment to murder during&nbsp;World War II.&nbsp;</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The first of these, and the most celebrated one, was the joint court-martial of Colonel&nbsp;<strong>Prem Sahgal</strong>, Colonel&nbsp;<strong>Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon</strong>, and Major General&nbsp;<strong>Shah Nawaz Khan.</strong></span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The&nbsp;Indian National Congress&nbsp;made the release of the three defendants an important political issue during the agitation for independence of 1945-6. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The&nbsp;INA Defence Committee&nbsp;was a committee established by the Indian National Congress in 1945 to defend those officers of the Indian National Army who were to be charged during the INA trials.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The committee declared the formation of the Congress&#39; defence team for the INA and included famous lawyers of the time, including<strong>&nbsp;Bhulabhai Desai,&nbsp;Asaf Ali,&nbsp;Jawaharlal Nehru,&nbsp;Tej Bahadur Sapru,&nbsp;Kailash Nath Katju.</strong></span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 3698,
		'title' => 'Dara Shikoh',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Ministry of Culture recently set up a seven-member panel of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to locate the grave of the Mughal prince Dara Shikoh (1615-59).</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The panel will use architectural evidence from that time, and also written history and any other information that can be used as evidence.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The eldest son of Shah Jahan, Dara Shikoh was killed after losing the war of succession against his brother Aurangzeb. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Dara Shikoh is described as a &ldquo;liberal Muslim&rdquo; who tried to find commonalities between Hindu and Islamic traditions. He translated into Persian the Bhagavad Gita as well as 52 Upanishads.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Dara Shikoh realised the greatness of the Upanishads and translated them, which were earlier known only to a few upper caste Hindus.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Some historians argue that if Dara Shikoh had ascended the Mughal throne instead of Aurangzeb, it could have saved thousands of lives lost in religious clashes.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">According to the <strong>Shahjahannama</strong>, after Aurangzeb defeated Dara Shikoh, he brought the latter to Delhi in chains. His head was cut off and sent to Agra Fort, while his torso was buried in the Humayun&rsquo;s Tomb complex.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Italian traveller <strong>Niccolao Manucci</strong> gave a graphic description of the day in Travels of Manucci, as he was there as a witness to the whole thing. That is the basis of the thesis.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Shahjahannama compiled by <strong>Muhammad Saleh Kambo</strong> has dedicated at least two pages to the last days of Dara Shikoh, on how he was brutally murdered and buried somewhere in the complex.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The ASI&rsquo;s biggest problem is that most graves in the complex have no names. This will complicate the process further as the exhumation of graves is not permitted.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>
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		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 3855,
		'title' => 'Aerial photography rules notified by Defence Ministry',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Obtaining defence and regulatory permissions for aerial photography or remote sensing surveys has become simpler, with the government launching a web portal for quicker permissions and transparency.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The new paperless system developed by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) came into force from March 1 and hopes to cut down delays, bringing in efficiency.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Currently aerial photography and surveys are done for establishing everything from encroachments around the Dal Lake in Srinagar to ensuring reliable power supply to residents in Delhi and mapping of several mineral mines in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Telangana.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Aerial surveys are being regularly proposed by various government agencies, autonomous bodies for developmental projects and also by private agencies or individuals for private purposes.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">As per the existing procedure, applications for grant of No Objection Certificate (NoC) for aerial photography/surveys received by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) are forwarded to various stakeholders of Single Point Clearance Committee (SPCC) under the MoD for their recommendations. Bases on the inputs of the authorities concerned, the Ministry decides upon grant/refusal of NoC.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Aerial surveys help provide information on many things that are not visible from the ground and are much sought after by both the government and private agencies besides individuals.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The newly developed MoD web portal is aimed at facilitating the vendors for submission of applications online for grant of permission for aerial photography or remote- sensing survey. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The automated or online system will help in reducing the time, bringing in more transparency, accuracy and speedy disposal of applications for grant of NoC by MoD and permission by DGCA.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Aerial Survey</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The aerial survey is a geomatics method of collecting information by using aerial photography, LiDAR (using laser lighting) or from remote sensing imagery using other bands of the electromagnetic spectrum such as infrared, gamma or ultraviolet.</span></span></p>
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		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 3865,
		'title' => 'Tax on disability pension',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The government has withdrawn a circular of February 20 that had directed banks to deduct income tax on pension and disability benefits provided to disabled retired military personnel.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Although the letter provided exemption to those invalidated from service due to bodily disabilities, the sudden deduction of tax liabilities by the banks led to a public outrage, forcing the government to keep the decision in abeyance.&nbsp;</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Those military personnel who have been disabled due to wounds or injuries suffered by them in operations with the enemy or terrorists/ insurgents or suchlike operations are battle casualties (war wounded).</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Personnel who have been declared battle casualties but have not suffered injuries due to physical wounds are classified under battle casualties. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The third category pertains to personnel who have been disabled due to conditions of service, wherein some of the disabilities akin to lifestyle diseases are also included.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Benefits are based on the percentage of disability: less than 20% disability is not entitled to any benefits while those with disability from 21% to 50% are categorised as 50% disabled, those with 51% to 75% disability are classified as 75% disabled, and those with 76% or more disability are classified as 100% disabled.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The amount of disability pension is based on two categories. The first rate is for battle casualties (war wounded) and battle casualties: For 21% to 50% disability, 30% of the last pay drawn is given as disability pension; for 51% to 75% disability, 45% of the last pay; and for 76% of more disability, 60% of last pay drawn on retirement is given as disability pension.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The second rate applies to personnel with disabilities due to service conditions: For 21% to 50% disability, 15% of the last pay drawn is the disability pension; for 51% to 75% disability, 22.5% of the last pay; and for 76% of more disability, 30% of the last pay drawn on retirement is given as disability pension.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The entire pension and disability element of pension in all the categories is exempt from payment of income tax. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">But the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) had said that tax exemption on disability pension would be available only to personnel who had been invalidated from service and not to personnel who had retired otherwise.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>
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	(int) 67 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'tag' => 'Miscellaneous',
		'keyword' => 'miscellaneous',
		'id' => (int) 3896,
		'title' => 'Micro-irrigation hit by lack of funds',
		'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The prevailing economic slowdown appears to have affected the implementation of the projects to provide drip and sprinkler implements to farmers in state of Telangana.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">For providing the drip and sprinkler implements to the targeted extent of land, an amount of ?669 crore is required, including ?270 crore contribution of the Centre and about ?400 crore share of the State.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Micro-irrigation</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Drip irrigation&nbsp;is a type of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-irrigation" title="Micro-irrigation">micro-irrigation</a>&nbsp;system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>&nbsp;to drip slowly to the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root" title="Root">roots</a>&nbsp;of plants, either from above the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soil</a>&nbsp;surface or buried below the surface. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The goal is to place water directly into the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizosphere" title="Rhizosphere">root zone</a>&nbsp;and minimize&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation" title="Evaporation">evaporation</a>. Drip irrigation systems distribute water through a network of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve" title="Valve">valves</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_(fluid_conveyance)" title="Pipe (fluid conveyance)">pipes</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tube_(fluid_conveyance)" title="Tube (fluid conveyance)">tubing</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drip_irrigation#Emitter">emitters</a>. </span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Depending on how well designed, installed, maintained, and operated it is, a drip irrigation system can be more efficient than other types of irrigation systems, such as&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_irrigation" title="Surface irrigation">surface irrigation</a>&nbsp;or sprinkler irrigation.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Advantages</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Fertilizer and nutrient loss is minimized due to a localized application and reduced leaching.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Water application efficiency is high if managed correctly.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Field leveling is not necessary.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Fields with irregular shapes are easily accommodated.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Recycled non-potable water can be safely used.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Moisture within the root zone can be maintained at field capacity.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Soil erosion is lessened.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Weed growth is lessened.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Water distribution is highly uniform, controlled by the output of each nozzle.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Labour cost is less than other irrigation methods.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Disadvantages</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Initial cost can be more than overhead systems.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The sun can affect the tubes used for drip irrigation, shortening their lifespan.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">If the water is not properly filtered and the equipment not properly maintained, it can result in clogging or&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioclogging" title="Bioclogging">bioclogging</a>.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Drip tape causes extra cleanup costs after harvest. Users need to plan for drip tape winding, disposal, recycling or reuse.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In lighter soils subsurface drip may be unable to wet the soil surface for germination. Requires careful consideration of the installation depth.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
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		'description' => '<p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Defence Ministry has released a draft of its new procurement policy, which, for the first time, allows for lease of defence equipment, pushes for more indigenous content and brings in after-sales support under the contract of capital acquisition.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A high-level review committee headed by DG Acquisition and created in August 2019 had recommended these changes based on the recommendations of stakeholders, including from the private industry.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The main aim of the policy is to make India self-reliant and a global manufacturing hub. The government is constantly striving to formulate policies to empower the private industry including MSMEs in order to develop the eco-system for indigenous defence production.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The draft Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) 2020 aims to increase indigenous manufacturing and expedite procurement of defence equipment.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The defence industry of India is a strategically important sector having huge potential for growth. It needs to be the catalyst for India&rsquo;s economic growth and realisation of global ambitions.</span></span></p>
	</li>
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<p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Highlights</strong></span></span></p>

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	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Draft Defence Procurement Procedure 2020 will increase the indigenous content for various categories of equipment by 10 per cent. It has also introduced a new category of Buy Global-Manufacture in India, under which a minimum of 50 per cent indigenous content on cost basis of total contract value will be necessary.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Only the minimum necessary will be bought from abroad while the balance quantities will be manufactured in India and manufacturing will happen in India.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will also have a &lsquo;<strong>price variation clause&rsquo;</strong> for any project worth Rs 1,000 crore or more, with a delivery schedule of 60 months or more to cater for the escalation of price from the last date of submission of bids till the finalisation of the negotiations.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>leasing model</strong>, included for the first time, will help substitute huge initial capital outlays with periodical rental payments and will be useful for equipment like transport fleets, trainers etc that are not used in warfare.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Another chapter in the draft is for procurement of software and systems-related projects because in projects like these obsolescence is very fast due to rapid changes in technology and flexibility in the procurement process is required to keep up with the technology.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">The other significant addition is the Post Contract Management, which will provide clear guidelines for issues arising during the contract period as typically defence contracts last for a long period. The capital acquisition contract will also include support for five years beyond the warranty period.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Defence Ministry has released a draft of its new procurement policy, which, for the first time, allows for lease of defence equipment, pushes for more indigenous content and brings in after-sales support under the contract of capital acquisition.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A high-level review committee headed by DG Acquisition and created in August 2019 had recommended these changes based on the recommendations of stakeholders, including from the private industry.</span></span></p>

<p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The main aim of the policy is to make India self-reliant and a global manufacturing hub. The government is constantly striving to formulate policies to empower the private industry including MSMEs in order to develop the eco-system for indigenous defence production.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The draft Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) 2020 aims to increase indigenous manufacturing and expedite procurement of defence equipment.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The defence industry of India is a strategically important sector having huge potential for growth. It needs to be the catalyst for India&rsquo;s economic growth and realisation of global ambitions.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Highlights</strong></span></span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Draft Defence Procurement Procedure 2020 will increase the indigenous content for various categories of equipment by 10 per cent. It has also introduced a new category of Buy Global-Manufacture in India, under which a minimum of 50 per cent indigenous content on cost basis of total contract value will be necessary.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
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	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It will also have a &lsquo;<strong>price variation clause&rsquo;</strong> for any project worth Rs 1,000 crore or more, with a delivery schedule of 60 months or more to cater for the escalation of price from the last date of submission of bids till the finalisation of the negotiations.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The <strong>leasing model</strong>, included for the first time, will help substitute huge initial capital outlays with periodical rental payments and will be useful for equipment like transport fleets, trainers etc that are not used in warfare.</span></span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Another chapter in the draft is for procurement of software and systems-related projects because in projects like these obsolescence is very fast due to rapid changes in technology and flexibility in the procurement process is required to keep up with the technology.</span></span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">The other significant addition is the Post Contract Management, which will provide clear guidelines for issues arising during the contract period as typically defence contracts last for a long period. The capital acquisition contract will also include support for five years beyond the warranty period.</span></span></p>
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