Tag Wise Current Affairs
Tag: Fourth Industrial Revolution
SAIL launches Smart Environment-Friendly Garbage bins
Tags: Robotics, Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 20 March 2019
NITI Aayogorganises FinTech Conclave 2019
Tags: Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 25 March 2019
Wipro, IIT-Kharagpur partner for advanced research in 5G and AI
Tags: Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 30 March 2019
Globalcoin: Facebook to launch cryptocurrency in 2020
Tags: Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 29 May 2019
MeitY, NASSCOM to jointly set up IoT centre in Visakhapatnam
Tags: Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 29 May 2019
Hyderabad: India's first blockchain district
Tags: Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 29 May 2019
Government identifies 9 missions for scientific innovation
Tags: IT, Mobile & Computers, Artificial Intelligence, Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 07 March 2019
Medicine From the Sky: Telangana Govt, WEF ink MoU
Tags: IT, Mobile & Computers, Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 20 July 2019
AI to detect banana pests and diseases
Tags: Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 19 August 2019
Intel launches first Artificial Intelligence chip
Tags: Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 26 August 2019
Machine learning model to determine spread of skin cancer
Tags: Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 03 November 2019
Artificial Intelligence puts final notes on Beethoven’s tenth symphony
Tags: Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 14 December 2019
Google AI model beats humans in detecting breast cancer
Tags: Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 03 January 2020
Facial recognition in today’s world
Tags: Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 27 January 2020
Facial recognition for identifying bodies and missing children
Tags: Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 05 March 2020
Artificial Intelligence can aid eye testing
Tags: Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 30 March 2020
AI tool to predict which COVID-19 patient will face respiratory problems
Tags: Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 01 April 2020
Using person’s sound to detect infection
Tags: Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 10 April 2020
Use of supercomputers in tackling COVID-19
Tags: Fourth Industrial Revolution
Published on: 14 April 2020
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) has launched smart environment-friendly garbage bins made of SAIL SALEM stainless steel. The smart garbage bin integrates technology for smart waste management. It can send signal to the collection vehicle about the ''fill-up'' position. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">SAIL's Stainless Steel Garbage bin </span></strong></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be used to develop Smart Garbage Stations that will be set up at Bhikaji Cama Place, New Delhi by SDMC (South Delhi Municipal Corporation). </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be installed in underground RCC pits in this Station, which will not only collect unbridled garbage of city, but will also save people from stink and diseases. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will have IOT (Internet of Things) enabled Gazelle sensors on pit cover which will transmit signals to collection vehicle about “fill-up” position. </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">There will be separate bins for recyclable wastes and non-recyclable wastes. Since the bins will be placed under ground.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Benefits:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Smart Garbage Stations with Smart Stainless Steel garbage bins developed by SAIL will give smart look to cities and also help to promote image of Clean India around the world. It will also provide better cleaning services to public and reduce human intervention.</span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is India’s largest public sector steel producer. It is public sector undertaking, owned and operated by the Government of India.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was incorporated in 1973 and is headquartered in New Delhi. It is one of the eight Maharatna CPSEs (central public sector enterprises).</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It operates and owns 5 integrated steel plants at Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro and Burnpur (Asansol) and 3 special steel plants at Durgapur, Salem and Bhadravathi. It also owns Ferro Alloy plant at Chandrapur. </span></span></span></li>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">NITI Aayog has organized FinTech Conclave in New Delhi with objective to shape India’s continued ascendancy in FinTech. It was inaugurated by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Shaktikanta Das. It facilitated stakeholder deliberation upon future of India’s burgeoning FinTech (Financial Technology) space.</span></span></span></p>
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<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It seeks to build narrative for future strategy and policy efforts, and to deliberate steps for comprehensive financial inclusion.</span></span></span></li>
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<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its valedictory sessions were based on themes such as Building Financial Products for Millennial India, Digital Onboarding of Customers/Merchants for Financial Inclusion, Emerging Areas of FinTech, Fast Tracking Investments in FinTech Industry and Financial Inclusion of MSMEs.</span></span></span></li>
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<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"> </p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">FinTech (Financial Technology is used to describe new tech that seeks to improve and automate delivery and use of financial services. <span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span>At its core, it is utilized to help companies, consumers and business owners to better manage their financial operations, processes by utilizing specialized software and algorithms.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"> </p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India is one of the fastest growing FinTech markets globally and industry research has projected that US $1 Trillion or 60% of retail and SME credit, will be digitally disbursed by 2029. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"> </p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian FinTech ecosystem is third largest in globe, attracting nearly US $6 billion in investments since 2014. It is creating cutting edge intellectual property assets in advanced risk management and artificial intelligence (AI) that will propel India forward in global digital economy while simultaneously enabling paperless access to finance for every Indian.</span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">IT services major Wipro has partnered with Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur to collaborate on industry-focused applied research in the areas of 5G and artificial intelligence (AI).</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Under this partnership </span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Wipro and IIT Kharagpur will jointly take up applied research projects on industry challenges related to design, planning and operations of 5G networks and cognitive information processing for automation of these processes and 5G use cases.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">They will focus on AI research applicable in education, healthcare and retail sectors as well as in domains such as cybersecurity and climate change.<strong> </strong>They will promote knowledge sharing through guest lectures, workshops and seminars on 5G and AI.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Wipro will leverage research outcomes from this partnership to develop solutions for its customers, across industry verticals. IIT Kharagpur on other hand will benefit from commercialisation of joint research insights and Wipro's industry expertise.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'title' => 'Globalcoin: Facebook to launch cryptocurrency in 2020',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Social networking giant Facebook is planning to launch its own open cryptocurrency called <strong>“GlobalCoin”</strong> in many major markets by 2020 under its “Project Libra” scheme. Through, GlobalCoin, Facebook seeks to make money transfers faster and cheaper. Besides, it will also unlock variety of new potential revenue sources for Facebook as it will increase its revenue diversification into financial services. Facebook is working with online merchants to accept GlobalCoin as payment in return for lower transaction fees. The key target market for Facebook’s Globalcoin is people without bank accounts.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">GlobalCoin</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will be <strong>open cryptocurrency system</strong> i.e. it will be more liquid and easier to exchange to/from fiat currency as compared to close cryptocurrency system such as bitcoin.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will be different from most other digital payments systems as it will enable consumers to use the currency even if they don’t have bank account. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its value will be pegged to basket of established currencies, including US dollar, euro and the Japanese yen, to stabilize value of digital currency. (Whereas in most of crypto currencies, their value is fluctuating based on their demand and supply)</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will enable Facebook users to convert legal currencies such as dollars and other international currencies directly into its digital coins.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">This will enable users to buy things on internet and in other outlets, or even to transfer money to another user.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'metatitle' => 'Globalcoin: Facebook to launch cryptocurrency in 2020',
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'title' => 'MeitY, NASSCOM to jointly set up IoT centre in Visakhapatnam',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Union Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) will set up Centre of Excellence (COE) in Internet of Things (IoT) in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh in association with National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM). It will be fourth CO in process of being established by NASSCOM and MeitY for industries after Bengaluru, Gurugram and Ahmedabad. All these centres will promote the use of artificial intelligence by the industries. Industries would be encouraged for use of chat-bots, robots, power plants, data analytics and automation in the domains of automobiles, mineral-based plants, health, and finance (loan distribution).</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">National Policy on Software Products </span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was approved by Union Cabinet in February 2019. It aims at developing India as Software Product Nation and global leader in conception, design, development and production of intellectual capital driven Software Products and accelerat growth of entire spectrum of IT Industry of the country.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its objective is to nurture 10,000 technology startups including 1,000 in tier-II and tier-III towns, to create talent pool for software products industry by upskilling one million IT professionals, motivating 1 lakh school and college students and specialise 10,000 professionals who can provide leadership.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It also envisages creation of a dedicated software product development fund with corpus of </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Rs. </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">1,000 crore and launching of scheme to create corpus of Rs.5,000 crore with an end target to have at</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> least 100 Indian software product companies with valuation of Rs.</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">500 crore. It also proposes to extend research and innovation support to institutes of higher learning by allotting Rs.500 crore.</span></span></span></span></p>
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'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution',
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'title' => 'Hyderabad: India's first blockchain district',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Telangana government will set up the country’s first ‘Blockchain district’ in its capital city Hyderabad to create an ecosystem for all the start-ups and institutes working in Blockchain technology. It was announced as part of state government’s recently released draft Blockchain policy.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Blockchain District</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will house all major blockchain technology companies and will have huge incubator and world-class facility for promoting research, innovation and industry collaboration. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will focus on R&D in block chain technology in the field of banking, financial services and insurance, pharma and healthcare, logistics and supply chain and government sectors.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will be based around four main pillars: Developing talent pool, supporting infrastructure, promoting research and innovation and enabling collaboration and building community. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will provide academic institutions and industry platform to come together to promote research and innovation.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Blockchain</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is a distributed ledger or decentralized digital ledger technology for storing data across peer-to-peer network.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It decentralizes information without it being copied. Thus, it is kind of self-auditing ecosystem of digital value.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Information is held on blockchain through shared database can be accessed on real-time basis. It is transparent and incorruptible. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It promises secured transactions as it disallows changes to ‘blocks’ of recorded information. It automatically checks every transaction that happens in it. </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution',
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'title' => 'Government identifies 9 missions for scientific innovation ',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Government has identified nine missions and four key projects of national importance to address societal needs in areas such as health, education, data security, transportation, clean energy and agriculture. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These missions and key projects were identified by Prime Minister's Advisory Council on Science, Technology & Innovation. They are aimed at solving complex scientific problems in reasonable time-frame and bring fruits of scientific development to citizens' doorsteps through various innovations, </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Each of these missions along with four projects will be led by nodal ministry which will implement it by engaging international and national institutional partners, scientists and industries.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Nine missions:</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Quantum Frontier:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It will focus on network and data protection to enable robust cyber security system</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Natural Language Translation:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It will provide access to scientific materials in native Indian language</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Artificial Intelligence:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It will focus on use of intelligent computing system in areas such as healthcare, education, agriculture and transportation among others.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">National Biodiversity:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It will include comprehensive documentation of India's biodiversity and mapping all lifeforms of the country.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Electric Vehicles:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It will aim to make EVs economically viable and scalable</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Bio-Science for Human Health:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It aims at genomic study of humans to identify and unravel genetic basis and prevalence of rare and inherited diseases</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Waste to Wealth:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It seeks to develop and deploy technology to treat waste to generate energy, recycle materials and extract wealth</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Deep Ocean Exploration</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">: It will aim at exploring deep oceans for resources, climate change advisory services, offshore based desalination techniques and renewable energy generation among others </span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">AGNIi-Accelerating Growth for New India's Innovations (AGNIi):</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It will be for taking technologies to commercialization. Under it, efforts will be made to boost innovation ecosystem.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Four Projects are</span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Setting up research clusters</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Establishing state-of-the -art 'Earth Museum'.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Conserving critical ecological lifeline of Brahmaputra river system.</span></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Developing comprehensive web portal linking researchers with resources.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Prime Minister's Advisory Council on Science, Technology & Innovation (PM-STIAC)</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was constituted in August 2018 headed by Principal Scientific Advisor to government K Vijay Raghavan.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Mandate:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> (i) advise PM on science, technology, as well as innovation. (ii) coordinate implementation of PMs scientific vision. (iii) Aid in formulation and timely implementation of major science and technology missions and evolve interdisciplinary technology development programmes. (iv) advise government on developing ‘Clusters of Excellence’ in science including city-based R&D clusters. (vi) Bring together all science and technology partners from academia and institutes to industries near such centres or cities.</span></span></span></p>
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'title' => 'Medicine From the Sky: Telangana Govt, WEF ink MoU',
'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Telangana Government and World Economic Forum's Centre for Fourth Industrial Revolution Network signed MoU to launch ‘Medicine from the Sky’ project. It is innovative pilot project aimed at delivering emergency medical supplies such as blood and vaccines via drones.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Medicine from the Sky Project</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Bodies involved in this pilot project:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Telangana Government, World Economic Forum's Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Network in partnership with the HealthNet Global Limited. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Features:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It conduct comprehensive study of drone-based deliveries for blood, vaccines, medical samples and organs i.e. to study how delivery drones can be used to improve medical supply chains,.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Benefits: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will provide evidence-based approach for implementation of drones in healthcare, enabling emergency-care services to t patients in shortest time frame possible, thus saving their live. It will help to facilitate decision-making in healthcare supply chains, address issues that affect medical distribution system and focus on last-mile deliveries.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution',
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'title' => 'AI to detect banana pests and diseases',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Issue</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">A new app has been developed which will make use of Artificial Intelligence to detect pests and diseases in Banana plants.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#333333">Growing banana plant problem is easy but there are some issues that need to be considered. Many banana plants are susceptible to pests and diseases that may afflict it</span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#333333">.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Details</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828">The tool to distinguish various plant species, disease, fungus and other related features has been incorporated into an App called <strong>Tumaini</strong>, meaning hope in Swahili, and is being tested.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828">The developed new Artificial Intelligence system (AI) can look at photographs and tell what disease the plant has and also give recommendations and treatment options to the farmers. The results showed that the model was over 90% accurate.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828">When users take the photo, it gets uploaded to a global system for large-scale monitoring. Also, it is automatically GPS-tagged so we know what and where the problem is.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828">Yellow leaf spot</span></span></span></strong><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828"> and <strong>Fusarium</strong> <strong>wilt</strong> are the major fungal diseases in India and farmers spend a lot of money on fungicides. Apart from the fungal disease, the viral disease such as <strong>Banana Bunchy top virus</strong> is a big problem in India.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution',
'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution',
'id' => (int) 2009,
'title' => 'Intel launches first Artificial Intelligence chip',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Issue</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828">Intel Corporation on has launched its latest processor, its first using artificial intelligence (AI), designed for large computing centres.</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#222222">Artificial intelligence</span></span></span></strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#222222"> (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and self-correction.</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Details</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828">The chip, developed at its development facility in Haifa, </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Israel. It is known as<strong><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="color:#282828"> Nervana NNP-I </span></span></strong><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="color:#282828">or <strong>Springhill</strong> and is based on a 10 nanometre Ice Lake processor that will allow it to cope with high workloads using minimal amounts of energy.</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828">New hardware chip will help Intel Xeon processors in large companies as the need for complicated computations in the AI field have increased.</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828">Applications of AI</span></span></span></span></strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">In agriculture new AI advancements show improvements in gaining yield and to increase the research and development of growing crops.</span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">The Air Operations Division (AOD) uses AI for the rule based expert systems. </span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Use of complex AI systems to make trading decisions at speeds several orders of magnitudes greater than any humans. It is capable of, often making millions of trades in a day without any human intervention.</span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Artificial neural networks are used as clinical decision support systems for medical diagnosis, such as in Concept Processing technology in EMR software.</span></span></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution',
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'id' => (int) 2620,
'title' => 'Quantum computing',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Google said it had achieved a breakthrough in computer research, by solving a complex problem in minutes with a so-called quantum computer that would take today’s most powerful supercomputer thousands of years to crack.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Google developed a microprocessor, named <strong>Sycamore</strong>, that packs a total of 54 qubits. In their experiment, the researchers were able to get 53 of the qubits, connected to each other in a lattice pattern to interact in a so-called quantum state.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Quantum supremacy describes the ability of a quantum computer to outperform their classical counterparts.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Traditional computing relies on bits, or ones and zeros, quantum computing uses quantum bits, or qubits, that can be both one and zero at the same time.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This property, called superposition, multiplies exponentially as qubits become entangled with each other. The more qubits that can be strung together, the vastly more powerful a quantum computer becomes.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The researchers set the quantum computer a complex task to detect patterns in a series of seemingly random numbers. It solved the problem in 3 minutes and 20 seconds.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">They estimated that the same problem would take 10,000 years for a Summit supercomputer , the most powerful in the world today to solve.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Quantum computing</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Quantum computers perform calculations based on the probability of an object's state before it is measured - instead of just 1s or 0s - which means they have the potential to process exponentially more data compared to classical computers.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Classical computers carry out logical operations using the definite position of a physical state.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These are usually binary, meaning its operations are based on one of two positions. A single state - such as on or off, up or down, 1 or 0 - is called a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit">bit</a>.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In <a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/quantum-computers" target="_blank" title="quantum computing">quantum computing</a>, operations instead use the quantum state of an object to produce what's known as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubit">qubit</a>.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These states are the undefined properties of an object before they've been detected, such as the spin of an electron or the polarisation of a photon.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Qubits</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In quantum computing, a qubit (/?kju?b?t/) or quantum bit (sometimes qbit) is the basic unit of quantum information, the quantum version of the classical binary bit physically realized with a two-state device.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the other. However, quantum mechanics allows the qubit to be in a coherent superposition of both states/levels simultaneously.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution',
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'id' => (int) 2674,
'title' => 'Machine learning model to determine spread of skin cancer',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The 17 genomic signatures, which help in identifying cancerous growth were found out using Machine learning model that can discriminate metastatic from primary skin melanoma. </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These signatures also have high sensitivity (in case tumour is metastatic), and high specificity (in case the tumour is primary). </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Using the expression of 17 key genes (messenger RNAs) it is now possible to distinguish primary and metastatic cutaneous melanoma, which is the most common type of skin cancer<strong>. </strong></span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While 11 of the 17 genes have already been reported by other studies for cutaneous melanoma, it is for the first time that the potential role of remaining six genomic signatures in classifying samples as either primary or metastatic skin cutaneous cancer has been made.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Unlike in the case of primary skin melanoma, people with metastatic cutaneous melanoma have reduced survival rate and higher mortality rates.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It therefore becomes important to be able to identify and classify skin cutaneous melanoma as either primary or metastatic so correct therapeutic strategies can be chalked out and survival rates can improve in patients.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Six machine learning models were used to study and validate the genomic signatures. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">They used expression profile of messenger RNA, micro RNA and methylation profile for discriminating tumour as primary or metastatic.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While messenger RNA outperformed microRNA in discriminating the status of the tumour, a particular microRNA was found to be a strong predictor of metastatic melanoma.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The genomic signatures can also help in further categorising different stages of metastasis.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It can tell if the tumour has spread to lymphatic nodes, which is an early stage of metastasis. Also, it can tell if the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body, which is a late stage of metastasis.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The researchers have further integrated the major prediction models in the webserver called CancerSPP that will help clinicians in classifying cutaneous melanoma as primary or metastatic using RNA sequence data, microRNA and methylation expression data.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The analysis module in the CancerSPP webserver will provide information on the role of each of the important genes in various stages of metastasis and whether the expression of a gene is up-regulated or down-regulated.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution',
'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution',
'id' => (int) 3075,
'title' => 'Artificial Intelligence puts final notes on Beethoven’s tenth symphony',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A team of musicologists and programmers is racing to complete a version of the piece of Beethoven’s incomplete tenth symphony using artificial intelligence.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The final result of the project will be performed by a full orchestra on April 28 next year in Bonn, a centrepiece of celebrations for a composer who defined the romantic era of classical music.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Beethoven began working on the Tenth Symphony alongside his Ninth, which includes the world-famous "Ode To Joy".But he quickly gave up on the Tenth, leaving only a few notes and drafts by the time he died aged 57.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the project, machine-learning software has been fed all of Beethoven's work and is now composing possible continuations of the symphony in the composer's style.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Similar AI experiments based on works by Bach, Mahler and Schubert have been less than impressive.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Beethoven</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the classical and romantic eras in classical music, he remains one of the most recognized and influential musicians of this period, and is considered to be one of the greatest composers of all time.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Artificial Intelligence</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and self-correction.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Applications</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Social welfare</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Goal of using AI to address socially relevant problems such as homelessness. Involves employing AI to tackle some of the world's greatest economic and social challenges.</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Agriculture</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In agriculture new AI advancements show improvements in gaining yield and to increase the research and development of growing crops. New artificial intelligence now predicts the time it takes for a crop to be ripe and ready for picking thus increasing efficiency of farming along with quality parameters.</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Aviation</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has use for artificial intelligence for surrogate operators for combat and training simulators, mission management aids, support systems for tactical decision making, and post processing of the simulator data into symbolic summaries.</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Computer Science</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">AI researchers have created many tools to solve the most difficult problems in computer science. Many of their inventions have been adopted by mainstream computer science and are no longer considered a part of AI.</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Education</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">AI tutors could allow for students to get extra, one-on-one help. They could also reduce anxiety and stress for some students, that may be caused by tutor labs or human tutors.</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Trading</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Algorithmic trading involves the use of complex AI systems to make trading decisions at speeds several orders of magnitudes greater than any human is capable of.</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Industries</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Robots have become common in many industries and are often given jobs that are considered dangerous to humans.</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Hospitals and Medicines</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Artificial neural networks are used as clinical decision support systems for medical diagnosis.</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Military</strong></span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The main military applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are to enhance Command and Control, Communications, Sensors, Integration and Interoperability.</span></span></p>
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'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution',
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'title' => 'Google AI model beats humans in detecting breast cancer',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Google is developing artificial intelligence to help doctors identify breast cancer. The model, which scans X-ray images known as mammograms, reduces the number of false negatives by 9.4 percent.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Today, breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women, beat out only by lung cancer in its deadliness and overall prevalence. Early detection is the best defense most people have in identifying and treating the disease.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While mammograms are the most common detection tool, they miss a large number of cases.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Researchers used anonymized mammograms from more than 25,000 women in the UK and 3,000 women in the US and tried to follow the same principles radiologists might follow.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The team first trained AI to scan X-ray images, then looked for signs of breast cancer by identifying changes in the breasts of the 28,000 women. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">They then checked the computer’s guesses against the women's’ actual medical outcomes.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Ultimately, they were able to reduce false negatives by 9.4 percent and cut down false positives by 5.7 percent for women in the US.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the UK, the model cut down false negatives by 2.7 percent and reduced false positives by 1.2 percent. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The model performs better than an individual radiologist in both the UK and the US.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While researchers found that AI outperformed doctors in identifying breast cancer in most cases, there were also instances where doctors flagged cancer that the model originally missed.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Google has been trying to frame this project as one that will <em>help</em> radiologists, not replace them. Bringing the two together could strengthen the overall results.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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(int) 14 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution',
'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution',
'id' => (int) 3369,
'title' => 'NEON: The Virtual Human',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The first project of Samsung’s Star Labs, NEONs are being called the world’s first artificial humans. They look and behave like real humans, and could one day develop memories and emotions.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Star Labs is Samsung Technology & Advanced Research Labs (not to be confused with the fictional labs of DC Comics), an independent project funded by the Korean tech giant.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">NEONs are computationally created virtual humans — the word derives from NEO (new) + humaN. For now the virtual humans can show emotions when manually controlled by their creators.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">But the idea is for NEONs to become intelligent enough to be fully autonomous, showing emotions, learning skills, creating memories, and being intelligent on their own.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Star Labs started work on NEONs by trying to replicate a friend. Initially, the models were trained on his face, and there were significant errors. But then, they started getting better, almost indistinguishable from the original.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">There are two core technologies behind his virtual humans. First, there is the proprietary CORE R3 technology that drives the reality, real time and responsiveness behind NEONs.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is like a rendition engine, converting the mathematical models to look like actual humans. At the moment the latency for response is less than a few milliseconds.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The next stage will be SPECTRA, which will complement CORE R3 with the spectrum of intelligence, learning, emotions and memory.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Company sees a world in which NEONs are the interface for technologies and services. They will answer your queries at a bank, welcome you at a restaurant, or read out the breaking news on television at an unearthly hour.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Virtual assistants and NEONs</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Virtual Assistants now learn from all the data they are plugged into. NEONs will be limited to what they know and learn. Their leaning could potentially be limited to the person they are catering to, and maybe her friends, but not the entire Internet.</span></span></p>
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(int) 15 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution',
'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution',
'id' => (int) 3493,
'title' => 'Facial recognition in today’s world',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Last week, European media network EURACTIV and Politico published a story that said the European Commission is considering a temporary ban on the use of facial recognition technologies in public spaces.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Two big tech companies, Alphabet and Microsoft, have taken completely different positions on the idea. This comes even as facial recognition technologies are being increasingly adopted by individuals, organisations, and governments.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">European Commission believes that indiscriminate use of facial recognition technologies is a privacy threat, and some regulations are needed so that this does not easily give way to surveillance. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">During the temporary ban period, a sound methodology for assessing the impacts of this technology and possible risk management measures could be identified and developed.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Use of facial recognition technology</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is increasingly being used for everything: from unlocking your phone to validating your identity, from auto-tagging digital photos to finding missing persons, and from targeted advertising to law enforcement.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is also increasingly used for surveillance and can also become problematic in the absence of privacy and data security laws.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Seperating benefits from drawbacks</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Benefits of facial recognition systems can be categorised into three. One, face detection, which could help count the number of people in traffic. Two, facial authentication, which could help you unlock your phone. Three, facial matching, which could help investigators quickly zero in on suspects.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Instead of simply banning an entire category of technologies with so many possible applications, including many that are helpful and benign, policymakers should employ precision regulation that applies restrictions and oversight to particular use-cases and end-users where there is greater risk of societal harm.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Current application across the globe</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The U.S. has recently released guidelines regarding artificial intelligence, and they reportedly point to a light touch when it comes to regulation. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">London has joined the bandwagon, and will use real time facial recognition systems to police the city. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Closer home, Telangana has recently tested this technology to verify voters in local elections.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution',
'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution',
'id' => (int) 3739,
'title' => 'Technological edge to healthcare',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Healthcare is becoming increasingly connected, but also increasingly complex. While it poses an opportunity for medical professionals to learn more than before, the enormous amount of medical information can overwhelm the decision-making processes. Use of Artificial Intelligence(AI) can help handle this enormous data.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Typical applications of AI in healthcare fall in the categories of diagnosis processes, treatment plan development, drug development, personalised medicine, patient monitoring, process automation, robotic surgery and clinical trials.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Data from different sources are fed into a system. With the use of algorithms, programs and systems to simulate human intelligence, AI can analyse big data sets. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These data sets can be from clinician’s notes, reports from a patient’s file, medical research publications, and clinical trial outcomes. In a matter of seconds, it can create an actionable gist of all, for a particular clinician or a group to review.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In pharmaceuticals, AI and machine learning use data sets and algorithms to model various scenarios in the drug-discovery process. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This modelling is used to arrive at a predictive hypothesis much faster than the traditional trial-and-error method, which results in much shorter time for creating proof of concepts.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Some important aspects of computational systems are that they can perform repetitive tasks without feeling bored or fatigued and can analyse billions of data bytes in a matter of seconds.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">AI systems can bring in better standardisation of processes, and therefore subjectivity in interpreting information will be reduced. </span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Applications of AI in healthcare</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">There are AI systems already in operation that have demonstrated the ability to identify sight-threatening conditions with equal accuracy to human ophthalmologists. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">There are those which can scan a human chest X-ray faster than a medical professional can, and detect a small tumour or an early onset of pneumonia. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Some trained neural networks can interpret pathology images of tumours at a success rate of detection upwards of 90%, compared to an expert pathologist.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">AI-assisted robotic surgery, where robots are able to analyse pre-op medical data and guide a surgeon’s instrument during surgery, ensures patients develop fewer complications than otherwise.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The auto diagnosis tool is an AI-powered tool that runs on actual diagnostic tests results and provides probable risks factors. Additionally, it also suggests users change their lifestyle by recommending diet and exercise plans.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Advantages</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The biggest impact of using AI is that it can significantly improve efficiency, while reducing wastage and costs. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In a resource-constrained environment with a low doctor-patient ratio, AI has the potential to deliver remote medicine and create virtual access in an effective manner.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Healthcare organisations can plan policies, guidelines, strategies and infrastructure to address health needs in a precise manner, thereby optimising the resources and delivery. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The State can prioritise plans, budgetary allotments with greater understanding and in optimal utilisation.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">AI in healthcare can help to leverage technology to deploy efficient, impactful interventions at exactly the right moment in a patient’s care.</span></span></p>
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'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution',
'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution',
'id' => (int) 3846,
'title' => 'Facial recognition for identifying bodies and missing children',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Home Ministry has given approval to the automated facial recognition system (AFRS) for identification of unrecognised bodies, missing children and criminals.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The approval has been accorded for implementation of AFRS by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). AFRS will use police records and will be accessible only to law enforcement agencies.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This will facilitate better identification of criminals, unidentified dead bodies and missing or found children and persons and will not violate privacy.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The new facial recognition system uses machine learning to identify similarities in faces seen on different pictures.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Facial recognition</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Facial recognition is the process of identifying or verifying the identity of a person using their face. It captures, analyzes, and compares patterns based on the person's facial details. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The face detection process is an essential step as it detects and locates human faces in images and videos.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Although the accuracy of facial recognition system as a biometric technology is lower than iris recognition and fingerprint recognition, it is widely adopted due to its contactless and non-invasive process.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Some face recognition algorithms identify facial features by extracting landmarks, or features, from an image of the subject's face. For example, an algorithm may analyze the relative position, size, and/or shape of the eyes, nose, cheekbones, and jaw. These features are then used to search for other images with matching features.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Recognition algorithms can be divided into two main approaches: <strong>geometric</strong>, which looks at distinguishing features, or <strong>photometric</strong>, which is a statistical approach that distills an image into values and compares the values with templates to eliminate variances. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Some classify these algorithms into two broad categories: <strong>holistic</strong> and <strong>feature</strong>-<strong>based</strong> models. The former attempts to recognize the face in its entirety while the feature-based subdivide into components such as according to features and analyze each as well as its spatial location with respect to other features.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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(int) 18 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution',
'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution',
'id' => (int) 4084,
'title' => 'Artificial Intelligence can aid eye testing',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Artificial Intelligence has been used in a hi-tech screening tool developed by Google and an international team of researchers for detecting diabetic retinopathy a diabetic complication in the eye.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Diabetic patients are normally asymptomatic when the eye is concerned until the late stages or advanced stage when treatment is difficult or not so effective. So it is important to find the patient at an early stage and help prevent loss of vision.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A study, which screened over 3,000 patients with diabetes, has shown that the AI’s performance exceeded the conventionally used manual grading method used to identify diabetic retinopathy . The AI had a specificity and sensitivity of around 90%.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A specialised retinal fundus camera was used to take photos of the eye. Normally, to evaluate the retina, we dilate the pupil to allow more light to enter the eye and illuminate the back of the eye.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> But in this fundus photography it is not necessary as a coherent beam of light can enter the small gap (Pupil) and take an image in just two to three minutes.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Once the images are taken, it is fed into the computer and the AI tool screens it for diabetic retinopathy. The AI tool was shown over 120,000 images of the retina and taught to identify what each lesion meant.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was also taught to grade the severity (none, mild, moderate, severe or proliferative) and give an instant report along with the recommendations.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Beyond diabetic retinopathy researchers are also working on a number of other research projects using AI to tackle healthcare problems. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Earlier, a research paper had showed that AI models can help detect breast cancer in mammography images more accurately than doctors.This research is still in the early stages, but it shows that AI can be a path forward to improve screenings for breast cancer and boost the chances of survival.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Artificial Intelligence</strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. The term may also be applied to any machine that exhibits traits associated with a human mind such as learning and problem-solving.</span></span></p>
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'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution',
'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution',
'id' => (int) 4106,
'title' => 'AI tool to predict which COVID-19 patient will face respiratory problems',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Scientists have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) tool that may accurately predict which patients newly infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 would go on to develop severe respiratory disease.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The model holds promise as another tool to predict the patients most vulnerable to the virus, but only in support of physicians' hard-won clinical experience in treating viral infections.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The tool, when fully developed, will be useful to physicians as they assess which moderately ill patients really need beds, and who can safely go home.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">For the study, demographic, laboratory, and radiological findings were collected from 53 patients as each tested positive in January for the SARS-CoV2 virus at the two Chinese hospitals.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Symptoms were typically mild to begin with, including cough, fever, and stomach upset. In a minority of patients, however, severe symptoms developed with a week, including pneumonia.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The goal of the study was to determine whether AI techniques could help to accurately predict which patients with the virus would go on to develop Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), the fluid build-up in the lungs that can be fatal in the elderly.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The researchers designed computer models that make decisions based on the data fed into them, with programmes getting "smarter" the more data they consider.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The researchers were surprised to find that characteristics considered to be hallmarks of COVID-19, like certain patterns seen in lung images, fever, and strong immune responses, were not useful in predicting which of the many patients with initial, mild symptoms would go to develop severe lung disease.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Neither were age and gender helpful in predicting serious disease, although past studies had found men over 60 to be at higher risk.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The new AI tool found that changes in three features, levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT), reported myalgia, and hemoglobin levels, were most accurately predictive of subsequent, severe disease.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">ALT levels, which rise dramatically as diseases like hepatitis damage the liver, were only a bit higher in patients with COVID-19, researchers said, but still featured prominently in prediction of severity.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Deep muscle aches (myalgia) were also more commonplace, and have been linked by past research to higher general inflammation in the body.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Higher levels of hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein that enables blood cells to carry oxygen to bodily tissues, were also linked to later respiratory distress.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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(int) 20 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution',
'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution',
'id' => (int) 4148,
'title' => 'TCS uses AI for drug discovery',
'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Scientists from TCS Innovation Labs in Hyderabad are harnessing the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to identify new molecules which might have the potential to target specific parts of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Drug discovery is a complex process, needing several layers of validation before the drug may come in use. In this work, the researchers have brought down the time taken for the initial step of designing suitable candidate molecules for testing from years to just a week, reinforcing the power of AI in handling huge datasets.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Scientists have identified 31 candidate small molecules, which may serve as inhibitors of the chymotrypsin-like protease, one of the key drug targets in the fight against COVID-19.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The genome of the novel coronavirus codes for several proteins that have crucial roles in entry of the virus into the host cell, its replication, assembly and host-pathogen interactions. </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Some of these proteins that help the virus perform its functions are common targets for drug developers. Among these drug targets are the spike protein, which helps the virus attach itself to the host cell and enter it, and viral proteases which help it replicate.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The viral RNA synthesises two long polyproteins when it infects human cells via a human cell surface protein. The role of the protease protein is to cut the polyproteins to individual proteins, so that new viruses can be assembled. This is important for its replication and survival.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The chymotrypsin-like protease or the main protease primarily does the function of cleaving the polyprotein into proteins and the papain-like protease also aids in this process.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">First, using a database of approximately 1.6 million drug-like small molecules from the ChEMBL database, the researchers trained the generative deep neural network model.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">As a second step, the network was re-trained with protease inhibitor molecules. This was done with a view to narrow the focus of the neural network on to a smaller subset of the chemical space.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Starting from a space of nearly 50,000 molecules, the team has made a short list of 31 candidates. Two of the designed molecules had a high degree of similarity to Aurantiamide, a naturally occurring antiviral-compound.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The clinical trials will take time. The first step is the chemical synthesis and biological testing <em>in vitro,</em> followed by pre-clinical testing on laboratory animals.</span></span></p>
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'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Researchers from the University of Cambridge have designed a new mobile phone app that will be used to collect data to develop machine learning algorithms, which will be able to detect if the person has COVID-19 or not based on the sound of their voice, their breathing and coughing.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Since COVID-19 is a respiratory condition, the sounds made by people, including those made during breathing and coughing will be very specific, creating a possibility for diagnosis externally.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Users of the app have to take a survey, which will collect their basic demographic information and medical history and takes their sound recordings, along with samples of their breathing and coughing. The aim of the research is to collect data from both healthy and non-healthy people.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Once the researchers have collected a large database of such information, they will release it to other researchers and they hope that the dataset will help shed light on disease progression and the relationship between the respiratory complication arising out of COVID-19 with the medical history. The app will also ask if the person has tested positive for COVID-19.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Artificial Intelligence (AI) is when machines are trained to perform human tasks. Machine learning, on the other hand, is a subset of AI and involves training machines to look for patterns in datasets, something which humans would take much longer to identify. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">To do this, however, machines need to be provided a considerable amount of data that they can comb through to figure out any patterns in it, which is the reason why researchers from Cambridge aim to collect a large enough data set of sounds for the machines to work on it.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Some of the other AI-based approaches to deal with the current pandemic include the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19), which is a free resource of the research that is being done on COVID-19. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">There is also the open-access neural network, COVID-Net, which aims to help researchers around the world develop an AI tool that can test people for COVID-19. The COVID-Net is being trained by researchers to identify signs of coronavirus in chest x-rays using roughly 6,000 images taken from over 2,800 patients with various lung conditions.</span></span></p>
</li>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the global effort to tackle the novel coronavirus pandemic, many countries have now employed supercomputers to help expedited research into the virus. Supercomputers have also been used during past outbreaks, including the 2015 Zika epidemic and the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">As COVID-19 cases have been mounting the world over, an abundance of data is being made available to researchers, which supercomputers are using for modelling and analysis. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Due to their high processing power, supercomputers are able to perform these functions months faster than regular computers, and years sooner than if done by hand.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">To help find a drug that could work against the novel coronavirus, supercomputers are being employed to look through databases of existing drug compounds. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spikes on its surface, which it uses to invade cells in the human body.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Supercomputers are looking for antiviral drugs that could potentially bind with those spikes, thus inhibiting the virus from infecting humans.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These computers can also help in developing a vaccine for the novel coronavirus, by identifying the virus proteins that can help create immunity among humans.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The other ways in which supercomputers are helping include studying the structure and origin of the novel coronavirus, analysing the spread of the virus in a population, as well as how it interacts with cells in the human body.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the US, a massive public-private effort called the COVID-19 High Performance Computing Consortium has been launched, consisting industry players such as IBM, Google, and Amazon, academic institutions such as MIT and Carnegie Mellon, along with government laboratories and agencies including NASA. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The supercomputers that are part of the consortium can process massive numbers of calculations related to bioinformatics, epidemiology, and molecular modelling, helping scientists develop answers to complex scientific questions about COVID-19 in hours or days versus weeks or months.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Similarly, the Tianhe-1 supercomputer in China has been using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to diagnose COVID-19 patients from chest scans.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">In India, the government owned C-DAC has announced that it would collaborate with laboratories as well industries and start-ups for performing drug repurposing simulations required towards the discovery of a new drug for COVID-19.</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
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<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the global effort to tackle the novel coronavirus pandemic, many countries have now employed supercomputers to help expedited research into the virus. Supercomputers have also been used during past outbreaks, including the 2015 Zika epidemic and the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">As COVID-19 cases have been mounting the world over, an abundance of data is being made available to researchers, which supercomputers are using for modelling and analysis. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Due to their high processing power, supercomputers are able to perform these functions months faster than regular computers, and years sooner than if done by hand.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">To help find a drug that could work against the novel coronavirus, supercomputers are being employed to look through databases of existing drug compounds. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spikes on its surface, which it uses to invade cells in the human body.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Supercomputers are looking for antiviral drugs that could potentially bind with those spikes, thus inhibiting the virus from infecting humans.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These computers can also help in developing a vaccine for the novel coronavirus, by identifying the virus proteins that can help create immunity among humans.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The other ways in which supercomputers are helping include studying the structure and origin of the novel coronavirus, analysing the spread of the virus in a population, as well as how it interacts with cells in the human body.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the US, a massive public-private effort called the COVID-19 High Performance Computing Consortium has been launched, consisting industry players such as IBM, Google, and Amazon, academic institutions such as MIT and Carnegie Mellon, along with government laboratories and agencies including NASA. </span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The supercomputers that are part of the consortium can process massive numbers of calculations related to bioinformatics, epidemiology, and molecular modelling, helping scientists develop answers to complex scientific questions about COVID-19 in hours or days versus weeks or months.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Similarly, the Tianhe-1 supercomputer in China has been using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to diagnose COVID-19 patients from chest scans.</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">In India, the government owned C-DAC has announced that it would collaborate with laboratories as well industries and start-ups for performing drug repurposing simulations required towards the discovery of a new drug for COVID-19.</span></span></p>
</li>
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The smart garbage bin integrates technology for smart waste management. It can send signal to the collection vehicle about the ''fill-up'' position. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">SAIL's Stainless Steel Garbage bin </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be used to develop Smart Garbage Stations that will be set up at Bhikaji Cama Place, New Delhi by SDMC (South Delhi Municipal Corporation). </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will be installed in underground RCC pits in this Station, which will not only collect unbridled garbage of city, but will also save people from stink and diseases. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It will have IOT (Internet of Things) enabled Gazelle sensors on pit cover which will transmit signals to collection vehicle about “fill-up” position. </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">There will be separate bins for recyclable wastes and non-recyclable wastes. Since the bins will be placed under ground.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Benefits:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> Smart Garbage Stations with Smart Stainless Steel garbage bins developed by SAIL will give smart look to cities and also help to promote image of Clean India around the world. It will also provide better cleaning services to public and reduce human intervention.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It is India’s largest public sector steel producer. It is public sector undertaking, owned and operated by the Government of India.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was incorporated in 1973 and is headquartered in New Delhi. 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It facilitated stakeholder deliberation upon future of India’s burgeoning FinTech (Financial Technology) space.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">FinTech Conclave 2019</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It seeks to build narrative for future strategy and policy efforts, and to deliberate steps for comprehensive financial inclusion.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was attended by representatives from across the financial space - central ministries, bankers, regulators, startups, service providers and entrepreneurs.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its valedictory sessions were based on themes such as Building Financial Products for Millennial India, Digital Onboarding of Customers/Merchants for Financial Inclusion, Emerging Areas of FinTech, Fast Tracking Investments in FinTech Industry and Financial Inclusion of MSMEs.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Background</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">FinTech (Financial Technology is used to describe new tech that seeks to improve and automate delivery and use of financial services. <span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span>At its core, it is utilized to help companies, consumers and business owners to better manage their financial operations, processes by utilizing specialized software and algorithms.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">India is one of the fastest growing FinTech markets globally and industry research has projected that US $1 Trillion or 60% of retail and SME credit, will be digitally disbursed by 2029. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Indian FinTech ecosystem is third largest in globe, attracting nearly US $6 billion in investments since 2014. It is creating cutting edge intellectual property assets in advanced risk management and artificial intelligence (AI) that will propel India forward in global digital economy while simultaneously enabling paperless access to finance for every Indian.</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'niti-aayogorganises-fintech-conclave-2019', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/8e13/8jd1pl6f9025b486g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/8e13/8jd1pl6f9025b486g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'NITI Aayogorganises FinTech Conclave 2019 | Daily Current Affairs', 'metakeyword' => 'NITI Aayogorganises FinTech Conclave 2019, Daily Current Affairs, In Science and Technology Current affairs, NITI Aayog, FinTech Conclave 2019, New Delhi, RBI Governor, India, GinTech sector', 'metadescription' => 'NITI Aayog has organized FinTech Conclave in New Delhi with objective to shape India’s continued ascendancy in FinTech. It was inaugurated by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Shaktikanta Das', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => '<a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/m64stnzcas4a9ub/60th_National_Academy_Award.pdf/file" target="_blank">http://www.mediafire.com/file/m64stnzcas4a9ub/60th_National_Academy_Award.pdf/file</a>', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 591, 'title' => 'Wipro, IIT-Kharagpur partner for advanced research in 5G and AI', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">IT services major Wipro has partnered with Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur to collaborate on industry-focused applied research in the areas of 5G and artificial intelligence (AI).</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Under this partnership </span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Wipro and IIT Kharagpur will jointly take up applied research projects on industry challenges related to design, planning and operations of 5G networks and cognitive information processing for automation of these processes and 5G use cases.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">They will focus on AI research applicable in education, healthcare and retail sectors as well as in domains such as cybersecurity and climate change.<strong> </strong>They will promote knowledge sharing through guest lectures, workshops and seminars on 5G and AI.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Wipro will leverage research outcomes from this partnership to develop solutions for its customers, across industry verticals. IIT Kharagpur on other hand will benefit from commercialisation of joint research insights and Wipro's industry expertise.</span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'wipro-iit-kharagpur-partners-for-advanced-research-5g-ai', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/f80c/e2jzggowmrqt4l06g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/f80c/e2jzggowmrqt4l06g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Wipro, IIT-Kharagpur partner for advanced research in 5G and AI', 'metakeyword' => 'In Science and Technology Current Affairs, Wipro, IIT-Kharagpur,partners, advanced research, 5G, AI ', 'metadescription' => 'IT services major Wipro has partnered with Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur to collaborate on industry-focused applied research in the areas of 5G', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/cec2scccqg77m55/Wipro%2C_IIT-Kharagpur_partner.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 1241, 'title' => 'Globalcoin: Facebook to launch cryptocurrency in 2020', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Social networking giant Facebook is planning to launch its own open cryptocurrency called <strong>“GlobalCoin”</strong> in many major markets by 2020 under its “Project Libra” scheme. Through, GlobalCoin, Facebook seeks to make money transfers faster and cheaper. Besides, it will also unlock variety of new potential revenue sources for Facebook as it will increase its revenue diversification into financial services. Facebook is working with online merchants to accept GlobalCoin as payment in return for lower transaction fees. The key target market for Facebook’s Globalcoin is people without bank accounts.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">GlobalCoin</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will be <strong>open cryptocurrency system</strong> i.e. it will be more liquid and easier to exchange to/from fiat currency as compared to close cryptocurrency system such as bitcoin.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will be different from most other digital payments systems as it will enable consumers to use the currency even if they don’t have bank account. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its value will be pegged to basket of established currencies, including US dollar, euro and the Japanese yen, to stabilize value of digital currency. (Whereas in most of crypto currencies, their value is fluctuating based on their demand and supply)</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will enable Facebook users to convert legal currencies such as dollars and other international currencies directly into its digital coins.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">This will enable users to buy things on internet and in other outlets, or even to transfer money to another user.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'globalcoin-facebook-cryptocurrency-2020', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c134/v2stvjjw17vf1wf6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/c134/v2stvjjw17vf1wf6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Globalcoin: Facebook to launch cryptocurrency in 2020', 'metakeyword' => 'Social networking giant Facebook is planning to launch its own open cryptocurrency called “GlobalCoin†in many major markets by 2020 under its “Project Libra†scheme.', 'metadescription' => 'Social networking giant Facebook is planning to launch its own open cryptocurrency called “GlobalCoin†in many major markets by 2020 under its “Project Libra†scheme.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/9e7ec3vvlhxz8y9/Globalcoin_Facebook_to_launch.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 1237, 'title' => 'MeitY, NASSCOM to jointly set up IoT centre in Visakhapatnam', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Union Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) will set up Centre of Excellence (COE) in Internet of Things (IoT) in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh in association with National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM). It will be fourth CO in process of being established by NASSCOM and MeitY for industries after Bengaluru, Gurugram and Ahmedabad. All these centres will promote the use of artificial intelligence by the industries. Industries would be encouraged for use of chat-bots, robots, power plants, data analytics and automation in the domains of automobiles, mineral-based plants, health, and finance (loan distribution).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">National Policy on Software Products </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It was approved by Union Cabinet in February 2019. It aims at developing India as Software Product Nation and global leader in conception, design, development and production of intellectual capital driven Software Products and accelerat growth of entire spectrum of IT Industry of the country.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Its objective is to nurture 10,000 technology startups including 1,000 in tier-II and tier-III towns, to create talent pool for software products industry by upskilling one million IT professionals, motivating 1 lakh school and college students and specialise 10,000 professionals who can provide leadership.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It also envisages creation of a dedicated software product development fund with corpus of </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Rs. </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">1,000 crore and launching of scheme to create corpus of Rs.5,000 crore with an end target to have at</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> least 100 Indian software product companies with valuation of Rs.</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">500 crore. It also proposes to extend research and innovation support to institutes of higher learning by allotting Rs.500 crore.</span></span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'meity-nasscom-iot-centre', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5b40/s8nnw29jaz9wlvy6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/5b40/s8nnw29jaz9wlvy6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'MeitY, NASSCOM to jointly set up IoT centre in Visakhapatnam', 'metakeyword' => 'MeitY, NASSCOM to jointly set up IoT centre in Visakhapatnam', 'metadescription' => 'Union Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) will set up Centre of Excellence (COE) in Internet of Things (IoT) in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/194si5q7q2a7a0c/MeitY%2C_NASSCOM_to_jointly_set_up_IoT_centre_in_Visakhapatnam.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 1239, 'title' => 'Hyderabad: India's first blockchain district', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Telangana government will set up the country’s first ‘Blockchain district’ in its capital city Hyderabad to create an ecosystem for all the start-ups and institutes working in Blockchain technology. It was announced as part of state government’s recently released draft Blockchain policy.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Blockchain District</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will house all major blockchain technology companies and will have huge incubator and world-class facility for promoting research, innovation and industry collaboration. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will focus on R&D in block chain technology in the field of banking, financial services and insurance, pharma and healthcare, logistics and supply chain and government sectors.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will be based around four main pillars: Developing talent pool, supporting infrastructure, promoting research and innovation and enabling collaboration and building community. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will provide academic institutions and industry platform to come together to promote research and innovation.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Blockchain</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It is a distributed ledger or decentralized digital ledger technology for storing data across peer-to-peer network.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It decentralizes information without it being copied. Thus, it is kind of self-auditing ecosystem of digital value.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Information is held on blockchain through shared database can be accessed on real-time basis. It is transparent and incorruptible. </span></span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It promises secured transactions as it disallows changes to ‘blocks’ of recorded information. It automatically checks every transaction that happens in it. </span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'hyderabad-india-1st-blockchain-district', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/f8cc/b13u6x6s3wvkut46g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/f8cc/b13u6x6s3wvkut46g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Hyderabad: India's first blockchain district', 'metakeyword' => 'Telangana government will set up the country’s first ‘Blockchain district’ in its capital city Hyderabad ', 'metadescription' => 'Telangana government will set up the country’s first ‘Blockchain district’ in its capital city Hyderabad ', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/fpggw8srdo0s3m6/Hyderabad_India%27s_first_blockchain_district.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 371, 'title' => 'Government identifies 9 missions for scientific innovation ', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Government has identified nine missions and four key projects of national importance to address societal needs in areas such as health, education, data security, transportation, clean energy and agriculture. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">These missions and key projects were identified by Prime Minister's Advisory Council on Science, Technology & Innovation. They are aimed at solving complex scientific problems in reasonable time-frame and bring fruits of scientific development to citizens' doorsteps through various innovations, </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Each of these missions along with four projects will be led by nodal ministry which will implement it by engaging international and national institutional partners, scientists and industries.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Nine missions:</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Quantum Frontier:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It will focus on network and data protection to enable robust cyber security system</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Natural Language Translation:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It will provide access to scientific materials in native Indian language</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Artificial Intelligence:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It will focus on use of intelligent computing system in areas such as healthcare, education, agriculture and transportation among others.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">National Biodiversity:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It will include comprehensive documentation of India's biodiversity and mapping all lifeforms of the country.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Electric Vehicles:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It will aim to make EVs economically viable and scalable</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Bio-Science for Human Health:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It aims at genomic study of humans to identify and unravel genetic basis and prevalence of rare and inherited diseases</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Waste to Wealth:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It seeks to develop and deploy technology to treat waste to generate energy, recycle materials and extract wealth</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Deep Ocean Exploration</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">: It will aim at exploring deep oceans for resources, climate change advisory services, offshore based desalination techniques and renewable energy generation among others </span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">AGNIi-Accelerating Growth for New India's Innovations (AGNIi):</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> It will be for taking technologies to commercialization. Under it, efforts will be made to boost innovation ecosystem.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Four Projects are</span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Setting up research clusters</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Establishing state-of-the -art 'Earth Museum'.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Conserving critical ecological lifeline of Brahmaputra river system.</span></span></span></li> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Developing comprehensive web portal linking researchers with resources.</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Prime Minister's Advisory Council on Science, Technology & Innovation (PM-STIAC)</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">It was constituted in August 2018 headed by Principal Scientific Advisor to government K Vijay Raghavan.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif">Mandate:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Quicksand",serif"> (i) advise PM on science, technology, as well as innovation. (ii) coordinate implementation of PMs scientific vision. (iii) Aid in formulation and timely implementation of major science and technology missions and evolve interdisciplinary technology development programmes. (iv) advise government on developing ‘Clusters of Excellence’ in science including city-based R&D clusters. (vi) Bring together all science and technology partners from academia and institutes to industries near such centres or cities.</span></span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => '9-missions-for-scientific-innovation', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/adf9/oscd7rj8co35v5u6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/adf9/oscd7rj8co35v5u6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Govt identifies 9 missions for scientific innovation ', 'metakeyword' => 'In Science and Technology Current Affairs, 9 missions , four projects, national importance, societal needs, health, education, data security, transportation, clean energy, agriculture', 'metadescription' => 'Nine missions and four key projects identified of national importance to address societal needs in areas such as health, education, data security, transportation, clean energy and agriculture.', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/19y5kyqzx5iczze/7Mar_Government_identifies_9_missions.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 1748, 'title' => 'Medicine From the Sky: Telangana Govt, WEF ink MoU', 'description' => '<p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Telangana Government and World Economic Forum's Centre for Fourth Industrial Revolution Network signed MoU to launch ‘Medicine from the Sky’ project. It is innovative pilot project aimed at delivering emergency medical supplies such as blood and vaccines via drones.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0in; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">About Medicine from the Sky Project</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Bodies involved in this pilot project:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> Telangana Government, World Economic Forum's Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Network in partnership with the HealthNet Global Limited. </span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Features:</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif""> It conduct comprehensive study of drone-based deliveries for blood, vaccines, medical samples and organs i.e. to study how delivery drones can be used to improve medical supply chains,.</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">Benefits: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Quicksand","serif"">It will provide evidence-based approach for implementation of drones in healthcare, enabling emergency-care services to t patients in shortest time frame possible, thus saving their live. It will help to facilitate decision-making in healthcare supply chains, address issues that affect medical distribution system and focus on last-mile deliveries.</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'medicine-from-the-sky-telangana-govt-wef', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/041e/p6emt51sxhhfddv6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/041e/p6emt51sxhhfddv6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Medicine From the Sky: Telangana Govt,', 'metakeyword' => 'Telangana Government and World Economic Forum's Centre for Fourth Industrial Revolution Network signed MoU to launch ‘Medicine from the Sky’ project', 'metadescription' => 'Telangana Government and World Economic Forum's Centre for Fourth Industrial Revolution Network signed MoU to launch ‘Medicine from the Sky’ project', 'author' => 'Nikhil Paigude', 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/vqikearebqzth18/Medicine_From_the_Sky.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 1941, 'title' => 'AI to detect banana pests and diseases', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Issue</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:40px; margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">A new app has been developed which will make use of Artificial Intelligence to detect pests and diseases in Banana plants.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#333333">Growing banana plant problem is easy but there are some issues that need to be considered. Many banana plants are susceptible to pests and diseases that may afflict it</span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#333333">.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Details</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828">The tool to distinguish various plant species, disease, fungus and other related features has been incorporated into an App called <strong>Tumaini</strong>, meaning hope in Swahili, and is being tested.</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828">The developed new Artificial Intelligence system (AI) can look at photographs and tell what disease the plant has and also give recommendations and treatment options to the farmers. The results showed that the model was over 90% accurate.</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828">When users take the photo, it gets uploaded to a global system for large-scale monitoring. Also, it is automatically GPS-tagged so we know what and where the problem is.</span></span></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828">Yellow leaf spot</span></span></span></strong><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828"> and <strong>Fusarium</strong> <strong>wilt</strong> are the major fungal diseases in India and farmers spend a lot of money on fungicides. Apart from the fungal disease, the viral disease such as <strong>Banana Bunchy top virus</strong> is a big problem in India.</span></span></span></span></span></li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'ai-to-detect-banana-pests-and-diseases', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9667/ry43g9uovb9eiul6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/9667/ry43g9uovb9eiul6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'AI to detect banana pests and diseases', 'metakeyword' => 'AI to detect banana pests and diseases', 'metadescription' => 'A new app has been developed which will make use of Artificial Intelligence to detect pests and diseases in Banana plants', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/b7pq2i5uljx9t9r/AI_to_detect_banana_pests_and_diseases.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 2009, 'title' => 'Intel launches first Artificial Intelligence chip', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Issue</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828">Intel Corporation on has launched its latest processor, its first using artificial intelligence (AI), designed for large computing centres.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Background</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#222222">Artificial intelligence</span></span></span></strong><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#222222"> (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and self-correction.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Details</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828">The chip, developed at its development facility in Haifa, </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Israel. It is known as<strong><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="color:#282828"> Nervana NNP-I </span></span></strong><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="color:#282828">or <strong>Springhill</strong> and is based on a 10 nanometre Ice Lake processor that will allow it to cope with high workloads using minimal amounts of energy.</span></span></span></span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828">New hardware chip will help Intel Xeon processors in large companies as the need for complicated computations in the AI field have increased.</span></span></span></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background-color:whitesmoke"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#282828">Applications of AI</span></span></span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">In agriculture new AI advancements show improvements in gaining yield and to increase the research and development of growing crops.</span></span></span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">The Air Operations Division (AOD) uses AI for the rule based expert systems. </span></span></span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Use of complex AI systems to make trading decisions at speeds several orders of magnitudes greater than any humans. It is capable of, often making millions of trades in a day without any human intervention.</span></span></span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Artificial neural networks are used as clinical decision support systems for medical diagnosis, such as in Concept Processing technology in EMR software.</span></span></span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'intel-launches-first-ia-chip', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/f60f/70c4cdy2sc05vqw6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/f60f/70c4cdy2sc05vqw6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Intel launches first Artificial Intelligence chip', 'metakeyword' => 'Intel launches first Artificial Intelligence chip, Artificial Intelligence chip', 'metadescription' => 'Intel Corporation on has launched its latest processor, its first using artificial intelligence (AI), designed for large computing centres.', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/v2pjefdvlsdd3sd/Intel_launches_first_Artificial.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 2620, 'title' => 'Quantum computing', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Google said it had achieved a breakthrough in computer research, by solving a complex problem in minutes with a so-called quantum computer that would take today’s most powerful supercomputer thousands of years to crack.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Google developed a microprocessor, named <strong>Sycamore</strong>, that packs a total of 54 qubits. In their experiment, the researchers were able to get 53 of the qubits, connected to each other in a lattice pattern to interact in a so-called quantum state.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Quantum supremacy describes the ability of a quantum computer to outperform their classical counterparts.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Traditional computing relies on bits, or ones and zeros, quantum computing uses quantum bits, or qubits, that can be both one and zero at the same time.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This property, called superposition, multiplies exponentially as qubits become entangled with each other. The more qubits that can be strung together, the vastly more powerful a quantum computer becomes.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The researchers set the quantum computer a complex task to detect patterns in a series of seemingly random numbers. It solved the problem in 3 minutes and 20 seconds.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">They estimated that the same problem would take 10,000 years for a Summit supercomputer , the most powerful in the world today to solve.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Quantum computing</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Quantum computers perform calculations based on the probability of an object's state before it is measured - instead of just 1s or 0s - which means they have the potential to process exponentially more data compared to classical computers.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Classical computers carry out logical operations using the definite position of a physical state.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These are usually binary, meaning its operations are based on one of two positions. A single state - such as on or off, up or down, 1 or 0 - is called a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit">bit</a>.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In <a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/quantum-computers" target="_blank" title="quantum computing">quantum computing</a>, operations instead use the quantum state of an object to produce what's known as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubit">qubit</a>.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These states are the undefined properties of an object before they've been detected, such as the spin of an electron or the polarisation of a photon.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Qubits</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In quantum computing, a qubit (/?kju?b?t/) or quantum bit (sometimes qbit) is the basic unit of quantum information, the quantum version of the classical binary bit physically realized with a two-state device.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the other. However, quantum mechanics allows the qubit to be in a coherent superposition of both states/levels simultaneously.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'quantum-computing', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/b34a/tgj1xlbbm0wp6mz6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/b34a/tgj1xlbbm0wp6mz6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Quantum computing', 'metakeyword' => 'In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the', 'metadescription' => 'In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the other. However, quantum mechanics allows the qubit to be in a coherent superposition of both ', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/hpi2dc6c0hysvo4/Quantum_computing.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 2674, 'title' => 'Machine learning model to determine spread of skin cancer', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The 17 genomic signatures, which help in identifying cancerous growth were found out using Machine learning model that can discriminate metastatic from primary skin melanoma. </span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These signatures also have high sensitivity (in case tumour is metastatic), and high specificity (in case the tumour is primary). </span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Using the expression of 17 key genes (messenger RNAs) it is now possible to distinguish primary and metastatic cutaneous melanoma, which is the most common type of skin cancer<strong>. </strong></span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While 11 of the 17 genes have already been reported by other studies for cutaneous melanoma, it is for the first time that the potential role of remaining six genomic signatures in classifying samples as either primary or metastatic skin cutaneous cancer has been made.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Unlike in the case of primary skin melanoma, people with metastatic cutaneous melanoma have reduced survival rate and higher mortality rates.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It therefore becomes important to be able to identify and classify skin cutaneous melanoma as either primary or metastatic so correct therapeutic strategies can be chalked out and survival rates can improve in patients.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Six machine learning models were used to study and validate the genomic signatures. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">They used expression profile of messenger RNA, micro RNA and methylation profile for discriminating tumour as primary or metastatic.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While messenger RNA outperformed microRNA in discriminating the status of the tumour, a particular microRNA was found to be a strong predictor of metastatic melanoma.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The genomic signatures can also help in further categorising different stages of metastasis.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It can tell if the tumour has spread to lymphatic nodes, which is an early stage of metastasis. Also, it can tell if the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body, which is a late stage of metastasis.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The researchers have further integrated the major prediction models in the webserver called CancerSPP that will help clinicians in classifying cutaneous melanoma as primary or metastatic using RNA sequence data, microRNA and methylation expression data.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The analysis module in the CancerSPP webserver will provide information on the role of each of the important genes in various stages of metastasis and whether the expression of a gene is up-regulated or down-regulated.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'machine-learning-model', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/96c1/tprvqaj0c3l1vwd6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/96c1/tprvqaj0c3l1vwd6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Machine learning model to determine spread of skin cancer', 'metakeyword' => 'Machine learning model to determine spread of skin cancer', 'metadescription' => 'The 17 genomic signatures, which help in identifying cancerous growth were found out using Machine learning model that can discriminate metastatic', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/aqxe7imimuk7xi9/Machine_learning_model_to_determine_spread_of_skin_cancer.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 3075, 'title' => 'Artificial Intelligence puts final notes on Beethoven’s tenth symphony', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A team of musicologists and programmers is racing to complete a version of the piece of Beethoven’s incomplete tenth symphony using artificial intelligence.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The final result of the project will be performed by a full orchestra on April 28 next year in Bonn, a centrepiece of celebrations for a composer who defined the romantic era of classical music.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Beethoven began working on the Tenth Symphony alongside his Ninth, which includes the world-famous "Ode To Joy".But he quickly gave up on the Tenth, leaving only a few notes and drafts by the time he died aged 57.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the project, machine-learning software has been fed all of Beethoven's work and is now composing possible continuations of the symphony in the composer's style.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Similar AI experiments based on works by Bach, Mahler and Schubert have been less than impressive.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Beethoven</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the classical and romantic eras in classical music, he remains one of the most recognized and influential musicians of this period, and is considered to be one of the greatest composers of all time.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Artificial Intelligence</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and self-correction.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Applications</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Social welfare</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Goal of using AI to address socially relevant problems such as homelessness. Involves employing AI to tackle some of the world's greatest economic and social challenges.</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Agriculture</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In agriculture new AI advancements show improvements in gaining yield and to increase the research and development of growing crops. New artificial intelligence now predicts the time it takes for a crop to be ripe and ready for picking thus increasing efficiency of farming along with quality parameters.</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Aviation</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It has use for artificial intelligence for surrogate operators for combat and training simulators, mission management aids, support systems for tactical decision making, and post processing of the simulator data into symbolic summaries.</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Computer Science</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">AI researchers have created many tools to solve the most difficult problems in computer science. Many of their inventions have been adopted by mainstream computer science and are no longer considered a part of AI.</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Education</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">AI tutors could allow for students to get extra, one-on-one help. They could also reduce anxiety and stress for some students, that may be caused by tutor labs or human tutors.</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Trading</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Algorithmic trading involves the use of complex AI systems to make trading decisions at speeds several orders of magnitudes greater than any human is capable of.</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Industries</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Robots have become common in many industries and are often given jobs that are considered dangerous to humans.</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Hospitals and Medicines</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Artificial neural networks are used as clinical decision support systems for medical diagnosis.</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Military</strong></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The main military applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are to enhance Command and Control, Communications, Sensors, Integration and Interoperability.</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'artificial-intelligence-puts-final-notes', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ef18/zhv2v90f1b7z2e26g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ef18/zhv2v90f1b7z2e26g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Artificial Intelligence puts final notes on Beethoven’s', 'metakeyword' => 'Artificial Intelligence puts final notes on Beethoven’s tenth symphony', 'metadescription' => 'A team of musicologists and programmers is racing to complete a version of the piece of Beethoven’s incomplete tenth symphony using artificial intelligence.', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/wzerx45ngd2u4lv/Artificial_Intelligence_puts__final_notes.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 3257, 'title' => 'Google AI model beats humans in detecting breast cancer', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Google is developing artificial intelligence to help doctors identify breast cancer. The model, which scans X-ray images known as mammograms, reduces the number of false negatives by 9.4 percent.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Today, breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women, beat out only by lung cancer in its deadliness and overall prevalence. Early detection is the best defense most people have in identifying and treating the disease.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While mammograms are the most common detection tool, they miss a large number of cases.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Researchers used anonymized mammograms from more than 25,000 women in the UK and 3,000 women in the US and tried to follow the same principles radiologists might follow.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The team first trained AI to scan X-ray images, then looked for signs of breast cancer by identifying changes in the breasts of the 28,000 women. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">They then checked the computer’s guesses against the women's’ actual medical outcomes.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Ultimately, they were able to reduce false negatives by 9.4 percent and cut down false positives by 5.7 percent for women in the US.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the UK, the model cut down false negatives by 2.7 percent and reduced false positives by 1.2 percent. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The model performs better than an individual radiologist in both the UK and the US.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While researchers found that AI outperformed doctors in identifying breast cancer in most cases, there were also instances where doctors flagged cancer that the model originally missed.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Google has been trying to frame this project as one that will <em>help</em> radiologists, not replace them. Bringing the two together could strengthen the overall results.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'google-ai-model-beats-humans-in-detecting', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/51a2/5pveurabm21olmb6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/51a2/5pveurabm21olmb6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Google AI model beats humans in detecting breast cancer', 'metakeyword' => 'Google AI model beats humans in detecting breast cancer', 'metadescription' => 'Today, breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women, beat out only by lung cancer in its deadliness and overall prevalence.', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/gquk32fhqgm0eop/Google_AI_model_beats_humans_in_detecting_breast_cancer.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 14 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 3369, 'title' => 'NEON: The Virtual Human', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The first project of Samsung’s Star Labs, NEONs are being called the world’s first artificial humans. They look and behave like real humans, and could one day develop memories and emotions.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Star Labs is Samsung Technology & Advanced Research Labs (not to be confused with the fictional labs of DC Comics), an independent project funded by the Korean tech giant.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">NEONs are computationally created virtual humans — the word derives from NEO (new) + humaN. For now the virtual humans can show emotions when manually controlled by their creators.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">But the idea is for NEONs to become intelligent enough to be fully autonomous, showing emotions, learning skills, creating memories, and being intelligent on their own.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Star Labs started work on NEONs by trying to replicate a friend. Initially, the models were trained on his face, and there were significant errors. But then, they started getting better, almost indistinguishable from the original.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">There are two core technologies behind his virtual humans. First, there is the proprietary CORE R3 technology that drives the reality, real time and responsiveness behind NEONs.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is like a rendition engine, converting the mathematical models to look like actual humans. At the moment the latency for response is less than a few milliseconds.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The next stage will be SPECTRA, which will complement CORE R3 with the spectrum of intelligence, learning, emotions and memory.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Company sees a world in which NEONs are the interface for technologies and services. They will answer your queries at a bank, welcome you at a restaurant, or read out the breaking news on television at an unearthly hour.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Virtual assistants and NEONs</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Virtual Assistants now learn from all the data they are plugged into. NEONs will be limited to what they know and learn. Their leaning could potentially be limited to the person they are catering to, and maybe her friends, but not the entire Internet.</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'neon-the-virtual-human', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d62c/twus732i0h6jy2i6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d62c/twus732i0h6jy2i6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'NEON: The Virtual Human', 'metakeyword' => 'NEON: The Virtual Human', 'metadescription' => 'The first project of Samsung’s Star Labs, NEONs are being called the world’s first artificial humans. They look and behave like real humans, and could one day', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/3qby3g2e6bynfm4/NEON_The_Virtual_Human.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 15 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 3493, 'title' => 'Facial recognition in today’s world', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Last week, European media network EURACTIV and Politico published a story that said the European Commission is considering a temporary ban on the use of facial recognition technologies in public spaces.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Two big tech companies, Alphabet and Microsoft, have taken completely different positions on the idea. This comes even as facial recognition technologies are being increasingly adopted by individuals, organisations, and governments.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">European Commission believes that indiscriminate use of facial recognition technologies is a privacy threat, and some regulations are needed so that this does not easily give way to surveillance. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">During the temporary ban period, a sound methodology for assessing the impacts of this technology and possible risk management measures could be identified and developed.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Use of facial recognition technology</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is increasingly being used for everything: from unlocking your phone to validating your identity, from auto-tagging digital photos to finding missing persons, and from targeted advertising to law enforcement.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is also increasingly used for surveillance and can also become problematic in the absence of privacy and data security laws.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Seperating benefits from drawbacks</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Benefits of facial recognition systems can be categorised into three. One, face detection, which could help count the number of people in traffic. Two, facial authentication, which could help you unlock your phone. Three, facial matching, which could help investigators quickly zero in on suspects.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Instead of simply banning an entire category of technologies with so many possible applications, including many that are helpful and benign, policymakers should employ precision regulation that applies restrictions and oversight to particular use-cases and end-users where there is greater risk of societal harm.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Current application across the globe</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The U.S. has recently released guidelines regarding artificial intelligence, and they reportedly point to a light touch when it comes to regulation. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">London has joined the bandwagon, and will use real time facial recognition systems to police the city. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Closer home, Telangana has recently tested this technology to verify voters in local elections.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'facial-recognition-in-today-world', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/eb94/p1v70kv7hlz8zn96g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/eb94/p1v70kv7hlz8zn96g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Facial recognition in today’s world', 'metakeyword' => 'Facial recognition in today’s world', 'metadescription' => 'Last week, European media network EURACTIV and Politico published a story that said the European Commission is considering a temporary', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/izwx8qv8e39n1ox/Facial_recognition_in_today%u2019s_world.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 16 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 3739, 'title' => 'Technological edge to healthcare', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Healthcare is becoming increasingly connected, but also increasingly complex. While it poses an opportunity for medical professionals to learn more than before, the enormous amount of medical information can overwhelm the decision-making processes. Use of Artificial Intelligence(AI) can help handle this enormous data.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Typical applications of AI in healthcare fall in the categories of diagnosis processes, treatment plan development, drug development, personalised medicine, patient monitoring, process automation, robotic surgery and clinical trials.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0in"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Data from different sources are fed into a system. With the use of algorithms, programs and systems to simulate human intelligence, AI can analyse big data sets. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These data sets can be from clinician’s notes, reports from a patient’s file, medical research publications, and clinical trial outcomes. In a matter of seconds, it can create an actionable gist of all, for a particular clinician or a group to review.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In pharmaceuticals, AI and machine learning use data sets and algorithms to model various scenarios in the drug-discovery process. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This modelling is used to arrive at a predictive hypothesis much faster than the traditional trial-and-error method, which results in much shorter time for creating proof of concepts.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Some important aspects of computational systems are that they can perform repetitive tasks without feeling bored or fatigued and can analyse billions of data bytes in a matter of seconds.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">AI systems can bring in better standardisation of processes, and therefore subjectivity in interpreting information will be reduced. </span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Applications of AI in healthcare</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">There are AI systems already in operation that have demonstrated the ability to identify sight-threatening conditions with equal accuracy to human ophthalmologists. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">There are those which can scan a human chest X-ray faster than a medical professional can, and detect a small tumour or an early onset of pneumonia. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Some trained neural networks can interpret pathology images of tumours at a success rate of detection upwards of 90%, compared to an expert pathologist.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">AI-assisted robotic surgery, where robots are able to analyse pre-op medical data and guide a surgeon’s instrument during surgery, ensures patients develop fewer complications than otherwise.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The auto diagnosis tool is an AI-powered tool that runs on actual diagnostic tests results and provides probable risks factors. Additionally, it also suggests users change their lifestyle by recommending diet and exercise plans.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Advantages</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The biggest impact of using AI is that it can significantly improve efficiency, while reducing wastage and costs. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In a resource-constrained environment with a low doctor-patient ratio, AI has the potential to deliver remote medicine and create virtual access in an effective manner.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Healthcare organisations can plan policies, guidelines, strategies and infrastructure to address health needs in a precise manner, thereby optimising the resources and delivery. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The State can prioritise plans, budgetary allotments with greater understanding and in optimal utilisation.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0in"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">AI in healthcare can help to leverage technology to deploy efficient, impactful interventions at exactly the right moment in a patient’s care.</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'technological-edge-to-healthcare', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/aff0/f1dbac5d15laily6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/aff0/f1dbac5d15laily6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Technological edge to healthcare', 'metakeyword' => 'Technological edge to healthcare', 'metadescription' => 'Healthcare is becoming increasingly connected, but also increasingly complex. While it poses an opportunity for medical professionals to learn more than before, the enormous amount', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/e6k8yw20zypzg0s/Technological_edge_to_healthcare.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 17 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 3846, 'title' => 'Facial recognition for identifying bodies and missing children', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Home Ministry has given approval to the automated facial recognition system (AFRS) for identification of unrecognised bodies, missing children and criminals.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The approval has been accorded for implementation of AFRS by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). AFRS will use police records and will be accessible only to law enforcement agencies.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This will facilitate better identification of criminals, unidentified dead bodies and missing or found children and persons and will not violate privacy.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The new facial recognition system uses machine learning to identify similarities in faces seen on different pictures.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Facial recognition</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Facial recognition is the process of identifying or verifying the identity of a person using their face. It captures, analyzes, and compares patterns based on the person's facial details. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The face detection process is an essential step as it detects and locates human faces in images and videos.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Although the accuracy of facial recognition system as a biometric technology is lower than iris recognition and fingerprint recognition, it is widely adopted due to its contactless and non-invasive process.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Some face recognition algorithms identify facial features by extracting landmarks, or features, from an image of the subject's face. For example, an algorithm may analyze the relative position, size, and/or shape of the eyes, nose, cheekbones, and jaw. These features are then used to search for other images with matching features.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Recognition algorithms can be divided into two main approaches: <strong>geometric</strong>, which looks at distinguishing features, or <strong>photometric</strong>, which is a statistical approach that distills an image into values and compares the values with templates to eliminate variances. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Some classify these algorithms into two broad categories: <strong>holistic</strong> and <strong>feature</strong>-<strong>based</strong> models. The former attempts to recognize the face in its entirety while the feature-based subdivide into components such as according to features and analyze each as well as its spatial location with respect to other features.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'facial-recognition-for-identifying-bodies-and-missing-children', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/131e/dfh5h7by4oxada06g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/131e/dfh5h7by4oxada06g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Facial recognition for identifying bodies and missing children', 'metakeyword' => 'Facial recognition for identifying bodies and missing children', 'metadescription' => 'The Home Ministry has given approval to the automated facial recognition system (AFRS) for identification of unrecognised bodies, missing children and criminals.', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/file/1pgzgu0znkssy4k/Facial_recognition_technology_for_identifying_bodies_and_missing_children.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 18 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 4084, 'title' => 'Artificial Intelligence can aid eye testing', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Artificial Intelligence has been used in a hi-tech screening tool developed by Google and an international team of researchers for detecting diabetic retinopathy a diabetic complication in the eye.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Diabetic patients are normally asymptomatic when the eye is concerned until the late stages or advanced stage when treatment is difficult or not so effective. So it is important to find the patient at an early stage and help prevent loss of vision.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A study, which screened over 3,000 patients with diabetes, has shown that the AI’s performance exceeded the conventionally used manual grading method used to identify diabetic retinopathy . The AI had a specificity and sensitivity of around 90%.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A specialised retinal fundus camera was used to take photos of the eye. Normally, to evaluate the retina, we dilate the pupil to allow more light to enter the eye and illuminate the back of the eye.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> But in this fundus photography it is not necessary as a coherent beam of light can enter the small gap (Pupil) and take an image in just two to three minutes.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Once the images are taken, it is fed into the computer and the AI tool screens it for diabetic retinopathy. The AI tool was shown over 120,000 images of the retina and taught to identify what each lesion meant.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It was also taught to grade the severity (none, mild, moderate, severe or proliferative) and give an instant report along with the recommendations.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Beyond diabetic retinopathy researchers are also working on a number of other research projects using AI to tackle healthcare problems. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Earlier, a research paper had showed that AI models can help detect breast cancer in mammography images more accurately than doctors.This research is still in the early stages, but it shows that AI can be a path forward to improve screenings for breast cancer and boost the chances of survival.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Artificial Intelligence</strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. The term may also be applied to any machine that exhibits traits associated with a human mind such as learning and problem-solving.</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'artificial-intelligence-can-aid-eye-testing', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/713e/eo6yf4oxhk4npnz6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/713e/eo6yf4oxhk4npnz6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Artificial Intelligence can aid eye testing', 'metakeyword' => 'Artificial Intelligence can aid eye testing', 'metadescription' => 'Artificial Intelligence has been used in a hi-tech screening tool developed by Google and an international team of researchers for detecting diabetic retinopathy a diabetic', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/vpixh4iv3tfbk79/1.Artificial_Intelligence_can_aid_eye_testing.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 19 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 4106, 'title' => 'AI tool to predict which COVID-19 patient will face respiratory problems', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Scientists have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) tool that may accurately predict which patients newly infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 would go on to develop severe respiratory disease.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The model holds promise as another tool to predict the patients most vulnerable to the virus, but only in support of physicians' hard-won clinical experience in treating viral infections.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The tool, when fully developed, will be useful to physicians as they assess which moderately ill patients really need beds, and who can safely go home.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">For the study, demographic, laboratory, and radiological findings were collected from 53 patients as each tested positive in January for the SARS-CoV2 virus at the two Chinese hospitals.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Symptoms were typically mild to begin with, including cough, fever, and stomach upset. In a minority of patients, however, severe symptoms developed with a week, including pneumonia.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The goal of the study was to determine whether AI techniques could help to accurately predict which patients with the virus would go on to develop Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), the fluid build-up in the lungs that can be fatal in the elderly.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The researchers designed computer models that make decisions based on the data fed into them, with programmes getting "smarter" the more data they consider.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The researchers were surprised to find that characteristics considered to be hallmarks of COVID-19, like certain patterns seen in lung images, fever, and strong immune responses, were not useful in predicting which of the many patients with initial, mild symptoms would go to develop severe lung disease.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Neither were age and gender helpful in predicting serious disease, although past studies had found men over 60 to be at higher risk.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The new AI tool found that changes in three features, levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT), reported myalgia, and hemoglobin levels, were most accurately predictive of subsequent, severe disease.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">ALT levels, which rise dramatically as diseases like hepatitis damage the liver, were only a bit higher in patients with COVID-19, researchers said, but still featured prominently in prediction of severity.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Deep muscle aches (myalgia) were also more commonplace, and have been linked by past research to higher general inflammation in the body.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Higher levels of hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein that enables blood cells to carry oxygen to bodily tissues, were also linked to later respiratory distress.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'ai-tool-to-predict-which-covid-19-patient-will-face-respiratory-problems', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/11a5/zcxb7ic0gvnnjkx6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/11a5/zcxb7ic0gvnnjkx6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'AI tool to predict which COVID-19 patient will face respiratory problems', 'metakeyword' => 'AI tool to predict which COVID-19 patient will face respiratory problems', 'metadescription' => 'Scientists have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) tool that may accurately predict which patients newly infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 would', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/xku9cuumcupe2l2/5.AI_tool_to_predict_which_COVID-19_patient_will_face_respiratory_problems.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 20 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 4148, 'title' => 'TCS uses AI for drug discovery', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Scientists from TCS Innovation Labs in Hyderabad are harnessing the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to identify new molecules which might have the potential to target specific parts of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). </span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Drug discovery is a complex process, needing several layers of validation before the drug may come in use. In this work, the researchers have brought down the time taken for the initial step of designing suitable candidate molecules for testing from years to just a week, reinforcing the power of AI in handling huge datasets.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Scientists have identified 31 candidate small molecules, which may serve as inhibitors of the chymotrypsin-like protease, one of the key drug targets in the fight against COVID-19.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The genome of the novel coronavirus codes for several proteins that have crucial roles in entry of the virus into the host cell, its replication, assembly and host-pathogen interactions. </span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Some of these proteins that help the virus perform its functions are common targets for drug developers. Among these drug targets are the spike protein, which helps the virus attach itself to the host cell and enter it, and viral proteases which help it replicate.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The viral RNA synthesises two long polyproteins when it infects human cells via a human cell surface protein. The role of the protease protein is to cut the polyproteins to individual proteins, so that new viruses can be assembled. This is important for its replication and survival.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The chymotrypsin-like protease or the main protease primarily does the function of cleaving the polyprotein into proteins and the papain-like protease also aids in this process.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">First, using a database of approximately 1.6 million drug-like small molecules from the ChEMBL database, the researchers trained the generative deep neural network model.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">As a second step, the network was re-trained with protease inhibitor molecules. This was done with a view to narrow the focus of the neural network on to a smaller subset of the chemical space.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Starting from a space of nearly 50,000 molecules, the team has made a short list of 31 candidates. Two of the designed molecules had a high degree of similarity to Aurantiamide, a naturally occurring antiviral-compound.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The clinical trials will take time. The first step is the chemical synthesis and biological testing <em>in vitro,</em> followed by pre-clinical testing on laboratory animals.</span></span></p> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'tcs-uses-ai-for-drug-discovery', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d027/go5i4iplnsktss36g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/d027/go5i4iplnsktss36g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'TCS uses AI for drug discovery', 'metakeyword' => 'TCS uses AI for drug discovery', 'metadescription' => 'Scientists from TCS Innovation Labs in Hyderabad are harnessing the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to identify new molecules which might have the potential to target', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/kvq5uvvcjhmpmm2/2.TCS_uses_AI_for_drug_discovery.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 21 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 4196, 'title' => 'Using person’s sound to detect infection', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Researchers from the University of Cambridge have designed a new mobile phone app that will be used to collect data to develop machine learning algorithms, which will be able to detect if the person has COVID-19 or not based on the sound of their voice, their breathing and coughing.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Since COVID-19 is a respiratory condition, the sounds made by people, including those made during breathing and coughing will be very specific, creating a possibility for diagnosis externally.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Users of the app have to take a survey, which will collect their basic demographic information and medical history and takes their sound recordings, along with samples of their breathing and coughing. The aim of the research is to collect data from both healthy and non-healthy people.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Once the researchers have collected a large database of such information, they will release it to other researchers and they hope that the dataset will help shed light on disease progression and the relationship between the respiratory complication arising out of COVID-19 with the medical history. The app will also ask if the person has tested positive for COVID-19.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Artificial Intelligence (AI) is when machines are trained to perform human tasks. Machine learning, on the other hand, is a subset of AI and involves training machines to look for patterns in datasets, something which humans would take much longer to identify. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">To do this, however, machines need to be provided a considerable amount of data that they can comb through to figure out any patterns in it, which is the reason why researchers from Cambridge aim to collect a large enough data set of sounds for the machines to work on it.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Some of the other AI-based approaches to deal with the current pandemic include the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19), which is a free resource of the research that is being done on COVID-19. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">There is also the open-access neural network, COVID-Net, which aims to help researchers around the world develop an AI tool that can test people for COVID-19. The COVID-Net is being trained by researchers to identify signs of coronavirus in chest x-rays using roughly 6,000 images taken from over 2,800 patients with various lung conditions.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'using-persons-sound-to-detect-infection', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/8491/qc047jh9xciaxmn6g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/8491/qc047jh9xciaxmn6g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Using person’s sound to detect infection', 'metakeyword' => 'Using person’s sound to detect infection', 'metadescription' => 'Researchers from the University of Cambridge have designed a new mobile phone app that will be used to collect data to develop machine learning algorithms, which will be able to detect', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/ggv27j3t275vmq9/3.Using_person%25E2%2580%2599s_sound_to_detect_infection.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' }, (int) 22 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) { 'tag' => 'Fourth Industrial Revolution', 'keyword' => '4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 4236, 'title' => 'Use of supercomputers in tackling COVID-19', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Scientists are using supercomputers for several challenging tasks, such as understanding how the virus spreads in a community, how it infects the human body, as well as for possibly finding a cure and vaccine. </span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the global effort to tackle the novel coronavirus pandemic, many countries have now employed supercomputers to help expedited research into the virus. Supercomputers have also been used during past outbreaks, including the 2015 Zika epidemic and the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">As COVID-19 cases have been mounting the world over, an abundance of data is being made available to researchers, which supercomputers are using for modelling and analysis. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Due to their high processing power, supercomputers are able to perform these functions months faster than regular computers, and years sooner than if done by hand.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">To help find a drug that could work against the novel coronavirus, supercomputers are being employed to look through databases of existing drug compounds. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spikes on its surface, which it uses to invade cells in the human body.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Supercomputers are looking for antiviral drugs that could potentially bind with those spikes, thus inhibiting the virus from infecting humans.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These computers can also help in developing a vaccine for the novel coronavirus, by identifying the virus proteins that can help create immunity among humans.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The other ways in which supercomputers are helping include studying the structure and origin of the novel coronavirus, analysing the spread of the virus in a population, as well as how it interacts with cells in the human body.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the US, a massive public-private effort called the COVID-19 High Performance Computing Consortium has been launched, consisting industry players such as IBM, Google, and Amazon, academic institutions such as MIT and Carnegie Mellon, along with government laboratories and agencies including NASA. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The supercomputers that are part of the consortium can process massive numbers of calculations related to bioinformatics, epidemiology, and molecular modelling, helping scientists develop answers to complex scientific questions about COVID-19 in hours or days versus weeks or months.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Similarly, the Tianhe-1 supercomputer in China has been using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to diagnose COVID-19 patients from chest scans.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">In India, the government owned C-DAC has announced that it would collaborate with laboratories as well industries and start-ups for performing drug repurposing simulations required towards the discovery of a new drug for COVID-19.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'use-of-supercomputers-in-tackling-covid-19', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ad22/cmbrbxsn56nuq276g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ad22/cmbrbxsn56nuq276g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Use of supercomputers in tackling COVID-19', 'metakeyword' => 'Use of supercomputers in tackling COVID-19', 'metadescription' => 'Scientists are using supercomputers for several challenging tasks, such as understanding how the virus spreads in a community, how it infects the human body, as well', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 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'4th-industrial-revolution', 'id' => (int) 4236, 'title' => 'Use of supercomputers in tackling COVID-19', 'description' => '<p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Issue</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Scientists are using supercomputers for several challenging tasks, such as understanding how the virus spreads in a community, how it infects the human body, as well as for possibly finding a cure and vaccine. </span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background</strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the global effort to tackle the novel coronavirus pandemic, many countries have now employed supercomputers to help expedited research into the virus. Supercomputers have also been used during past outbreaks, including the 2015 Zika epidemic and the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic.</span></span></p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Details</strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">As COVID-19 cases have been mounting the world over, an abundance of data is being made available to researchers, which supercomputers are using for modelling and analysis. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Due to their high processing power, supercomputers are able to perform these functions months faster than regular computers, and years sooner than if done by hand.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">To help find a drug that could work against the novel coronavirus, supercomputers are being employed to look through databases of existing drug compounds. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spikes on its surface, which it uses to invade cells in the human body.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Supercomputers are looking for antiviral drugs that could potentially bind with those spikes, thus inhibiting the virus from infecting humans.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">These computers can also help in developing a vaccine for the novel coronavirus, by identifying the virus proteins that can help create immunity among humans.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The other ways in which supercomputers are helping include studying the structure and origin of the novel coronavirus, analysing the spread of the virus in a population, as well as how it interacts with cells in the human body.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the US, a massive public-private effort called the COVID-19 High Performance Computing Consortium has been launched, consisting industry players such as IBM, Google, and Amazon, academic institutions such as MIT and Carnegie Mellon, along with government laboratories and agencies including NASA. </span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The supercomputers that are part of the consortium can process massive numbers of calculations related to bioinformatics, epidemiology, and molecular modelling, helping scientists develop answers to complex scientific questions about COVID-19 in hours or days versus weeks or months.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Similarly, the Tianhe-1 supercomputer in China has been using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to diagnose COVID-19 patients from chest scans.</span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">In India, the government owned C-DAC has announced that it would collaborate with laboratories as well industries and start-ups for performing drug repurposing simulations required towards the discovery of a new drug for COVID-19.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> ', 'created_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'posturl' => 'use-of-supercomputers-in-tackling-covid-19', 'image' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ad22/cmbrbxsn56nuq276g.jpg', 'fbimage' => 'https://www.mediafire.com/convkey/ad22/cmbrbxsn56nuq276g.jpg', 'metatitle' => 'Use of supercomputers in tackling COVID-19', 'metakeyword' => 'Use of supercomputers in tackling COVID-19', 'metadescription' => 'Scientists are using supercomputers for several challenging tasks, such as understanding how the virus spreads in a community, how it infects the human body, as well', 'author' => null, 'downlaodpdf' => 'http://www.mediafire.com/file/x1hy4vd55be9fle/4.Use_of_supercomputers_in_tackling_COVID-19.pdf/file', '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ '*' => true ], '[dirty]' => [], '[original]' => [], '[virtual]' => [], '[errors]' => [], '[invalid]' => [], '[repository]' => 'currentaffairs' } $tags = '<a href="https://currentaffairs.studyiq.com/tags/4th-industrial-revolution">Fourth Industrial Revolution</a>'include - ROOT/plugins/Studyiq/src/Template/Pages/tags.ctp, line 65 Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196 Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157 Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 765 Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 623 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 125 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 93 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 108 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 104 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 98 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51 Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 81